Determination of Organochlorines in Soil of a Suburban Area of São Paulo Brazil

Technological advances have promoted improvements in several science fields, especially related to environmental and analytical areas with the improvement of detection and development of environmentally friendly extraction techniques. This study applied Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method (QuEChERS) for soil extraction and assessed its performance through a validation study using samples from the soil of a contaminated area in Caieiras, SP, Brazil. Nine organochlorine pesticides, including the isomers alpha, beta, gamma and delta- hexachlorocyclohexane; cis- and trans-heptachlor epoxide; cis- and trans-chlordane and heptachlor were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture detector. The method was validated according to ISO 5725-4 (2020), EURACHEM (2014) and DOQ-CGCRE-008 (2016). The limits of detection and quantification of the method for the nine organochlorines were α-HCH (1.2 and 12.6 µg kg−1), β-HCH (1.7 and 12.0 µg kg−1), γ-HCH (1.5 and 11.6 µg kg−1), δ-HCH (0.8 and 11.6 µg kg−1), heptachlor (1.0 and 10.8 µg kg−1), cis-heptachlor epoxide (0.9 and 11.5 µg kg−1), trans-heptachlor epoxide (0.9 and 11.5 µg kg−1), cis-chlordane (0.4 and 7.9 µg kg−1) and trans-chlordane (0.5 and 10.9 µg kg−1), respectively, and all of them were within the maximum limits recommended by the EPA for the compounds α-HCH (86.0 and 360.0 µg kg−1), β-HCH (300.0 and 1.3 × 103 µg kg−1), γ-HCH (570.0 and 2.5 × 103 µg kg−1), δ-HCH (not defined), heptachlor (130.0 and 630.0 µg kg−1), cis-/trans-heptachlor epoxide (7.0 and 330.0 µg kg−1), cis-/trans-chlordane (1.77 × 103 and 7.7 × 103 µg kg−1) in residential and industrial soil, respectively. Recovery results were between 65% and 105% for almost all compounds, which is an optimum result for multi-residue analytical methods, considering the complexity of the matrix used in the study. Caieiras presented contamination levels of α-HCH in the range of 2.0 to 66.0 µg g−1, which was higher than the limits established by EPA, corresponding to 0.077 µg g−1 for residential soil and 0.27 µg g−1 for industrial soil. According to the validation study, the analytical method proposed was reliable for organochlorine quantification, and the QuEChERS was considered efficient for organochlorine extraction from soil.

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Determination of Oxadixyl in Wines by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Single-Laboratory and Interlaboratory Validation Study

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.13-359 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 1701-1706

Author(s):

Armen Mirzoian ◽

Jeffrey R Ammann

Keyword(s):

Validation Study ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽

Direct Injection ◽

Ionization Source ◽

Minimal Sample ◽

The Matrix ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Interlaboratory Validation

Abstract A direct injection LC/MS/MS method for the determination of the pesticide oxadixyl in wines was developed and validated. A sample divert valve was used to deliver the fraction that contained oxadixyl to the mass spectrometer's electrospray ionization source. Oxadixyl was monitored and quantitated using two transitions in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method demonstrated recoveries of 99.2 ± 2.0 and 96.7 ± 5.2% for red and white wines, respectively, a linearity range of 2–20 μg/L, LOD at 0.7 μg/L, LOQ of 2.0 μg/L, and precision values of 8.2% (RSDr) and 6.2% (RSDR). Direct injection of the wine onto a C18 ultra-performance LC column allowed automation and high throughput screening. Benefits of this approach include minimal sample preparation, short (3 min) run times, and the use of matrix-matched calibration standards, which minimize the matrix effect due to interferences from wine phenolics, sugars, and various other components. The method's performance characteristics were not statistically different for white and red wines. An additional interlaboratory validation study involved 12 laboratories and demonstrated good data agreement with HorRat values ranging from 0.23 to 0.52.

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SISI NEGATIF GAME ONLINE PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN PSIKOLOGI ISLAM

Psikoislamedia Jurnal Psikologi ◽

10.22373/psikoislamedia.v5i2.7071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Khotibul Umam ◽

Abdul Muhid

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Life Style ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Technological Development ◽

Human Life ◽

Online Games ◽

Point Of View ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Islamic Psychology ◽

Almost All

Technological development has changed human life style. Child's world that was once filled with traditional games has now been eroded by technological advances. Nowadays online games that replace traditional games are not only favored by children, almost all levels of human age like playing online games. But behind it all there is a negative impact that haunts its users. This study aims to reveal the negative side of using online games from the point of view of Islam and Islamic Psychology. The technique used is literature review by compiling some previous articles. The results showed that excessive use of online games will give a bad impact on the physical and psychological users, such as visual impairment, sleep disturbance, addiction, violence and stress. The use of online games is also considered more disadvantage than the benefits and it’s seen as an activity that wastes time, and it is prohibited in Islam.

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Characterization by TGA, SEM, and EDX of Polymeric Matrices Used as Cocaine Camouflages

Modern Applied Science ◽

10.5539/mas.v12n12p119 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

Carlos A. Díaz V ◽

William F. Garzón M ◽

Juan C. Higuita V ◽

Elisabeth. Restrepo-Parra

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Structural Type ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Before And After ◽

The Matrix ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Almost All

In this work, a study of samples that contained cocaine camouflaged inside unidentified polymers was performed. Samples were seized at the Dorado International airport in Colombia. Cocaine was adsorbed or occluded within the matrix. The objective of this research was to extract cocaine from the matrices using soxhlet extraction method. Thereafter matrices were analyzed to determine the surface morphology before and after the extraction. Several morphological differences were exhibited between samples including both adsorbed and occluded cocaine. Moreover, changes in the surface morphology were also observed before and after cocaine extraction. The chemical elemental composition of matrices was also studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy, observing that the alkaloid was totally removed in almost all samples after the extraction process. On the other hand, Thermo gravimetric analysis also allows comparing the results obtained for the samples with patterns of pure cocaine and other polymers as CMC, PVA and HEC, finding several similarities of structural type.

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Investigating Musicians’ Mindfulness through a Phenomenological Matrix

10.31231/osf.io/f3nwe ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Diaz ◽

Jason Silveira ◽

Katherine Strand

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

Personal Growth ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

First Year ◽

First Year College ◽

Introductory Course ◽

The Matrix ◽

College Music ◽

Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽

Almost All

We investigated the efficacy of a phenomenological matrix of mindfulness as a framework for examining expectations, formal meditation experiences, and appraisals of first-year college music students (N = 18) who participated in a 5-day mindfulness module offered through an introductory course in music education. Participants expressed hopes that meditation would help them manage stress and anxiety, improve their focus and relationships, and support their personal growth and motivation. With respect to lived experiences of formal meditation, we found that without explicit prompting, approximately 86% percent of coded phrases reflected dimensions of experience that could be mapped within the matrix, suggesting its efficacy for coding. Furthermore, almost all participants attributed mindfulness to improving their general wellness, with dereification, breathing, and non-aversive affect frequently mentioned as key factors leading to these improvements. Additionally, consistent with the neurophenomenological aims of the matrix, we list cognitive outcomes and neurophysiological mechanisms potentially attributable to the nature of selected appraisal statements by participants.

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Multiresidue Gas Chromatographic Method for Determining Organochlorine Pesticides in Meats: Validation Study for Swine and Beef Fats

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/68.5.941 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 941-944

Author(s):

James A Ault ◽

Timothy E Spurgeon ◽

Douglas S Gillard ◽

Edward T Mallinson

Keyword(s):

Organochlorine Pesticides ◽

Validation Study ◽

Chromatographic Method ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Heptachlor Epoxide ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Poultry Fat ◽

Gas Chromatographic Method

Abstract A validation of a previously studied method for determining organochlorine residues in poultry fat was conducted to extend the usefulness of the method to beef and swine fats. The validation samples consisted of 16 materials all analyzed in duplicate. Fortification levels ranged from 0.02 to 1.2 ppm for a-BHC, lindane, cis- and Irans-chlordane, octachlor epoxide, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-TDE, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, mirex, and toxaphene. The average recovery was 101 % with a range of 7 9 - 113%, not including toxaphene. The ranges of coefficients of variation wtreCV. = 0-23.37% and CVX = 3.74-26.19%. The results were comparable to the previous collaborative study of the same method for poultry fat. The extended method has been adopted official first action

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Cyclodiene Chemistry. III. Derivative Formation for the Identification of Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, cis-Chlordane, irans-Chlordane, Dieldrin, and Chromatography

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/52.6.1220 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1220-1226 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alfred S Y Chau ◽

W P Cochrane

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Heptachlor Epoxide ◽

Improved Method ◽

Sulfuric Acid Treatment ◽

Subsequent Conversion ◽

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽

Acid Catalyzed ◽

Cis And Trans ◽

Feed Samples

Abstract An improved method, involving potassium tert.-butoxide and tert.-butanol treatment followed by acetylation, is described for the similtaneous confirmation of heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and cis- and trans-chlordanes in cleaned-up feed samples. Parent pesticide residues can be identified at levels of 0.01 ppm and above. As a confirmative test for dieldrin, the formation of an acetate and subsequent conversion to a “ketone” by acetic anhydride/ sulfuric acid treatment is used. The concentrated sulfuric acid-catalyzed isomerization of endrin is also reported.

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Matrix Expression of Convolution and Its Generalized Continuous Form

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12111791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1791

Author(s):

Young Hee Geum ◽

Arjun Kumar Rathie ◽

Hwajoon Kim

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Integral Transforms ◽

Main Process ◽

Continuous Form ◽

Core Technology ◽

New Variant ◽

The Matrix ◽

Matrix Expression ◽

Almost All ◽

Laplace Type

In this paper, we consider the matrix expression of convolution, and its generalized continuous form. The matrix expression of convolution is effectively applied in convolutional neural networks, and in this study, we correlate the concept of convolution in mathematics to that in convolutional neural network. Of course, convolution is a main process of deep learning, the learning method of deep neural networks, as a core technology. In addition to this, the generalized continuous form of convolution has been expressed as a new variant of Laplace-type transform that, encompasses almost all existing integral transforms. Finally, we would, in this paper, like to describe the theoretical contents as detailed as possible so that the paper may be self-contained.

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Molecular Characterization of Arcobacter Isolates Collected in a Poultry Slaughterhouse

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-66.3.364 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 364-369 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

KURT HOUF ◽

LIEVEN DE ZUTTER ◽

BIEKE VERBEKE ◽

JAN VAN HOOF ◽

PETER VANDAMME

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Before And After ◽

Arcobacter Butzleri ◽

Processing Water ◽

Contamination Levels ◽

Almost All ◽

Skin Samples

In a poultry slaughterhouse, Arcobacter contamination was examined over a period of 1 week to establish possible routes of contamination. Samples were collected from the slaughter equipment and from processing water before the onset of slaughter and from the first broiler flock slaughtered on each sampling day. Characterization of 1,079 isolates by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus–polymerase chain reaction and a random amplified polymorphic DNA assay resulted in the delineation of 159 Arcobacter butzleri and 139 Arcobacter cryaerophilus types. From almost all 140 neck skin samples collected before and after evisceration, A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus were isolated simultaneously at contamination levels ranging from 101 to 104 CFU/g. Only six A. butzleri types present in the slaughterhouse environment were also present on the broiler carcasses. None of the A. cryaerophilus genotypes were detected in both the neck skin and the environmental samples. All A. butzleri types isolated from the feather samples were also isolated from broiler neck skin samples. The slaughter equipment was contaminated with arcobacters before the onset of slaughter, but it appeared unlikely that contamination through the slaughter equipment alone explained the high contamination levels on poultry products. Arcobacters were also present in processing water, but types present in water and poultry products were different. Characterization of the Arcobacter isolates did not clarify the routes of transmission, probably because of the extreme heterogeneity among Arcobacter isolates. However, the results obtained in this study brought to light insufficient decontamination at the processing plant involved in the study and confirmed the survival capacity of certain A. butzleri strains.

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Metabolic Responses of Lactobacillus plantarum Strains during Fermentation and Storage of Vegetable and Fruit Juices

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03885-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (7) ◽

pp. 2206-2215 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

P. Filannino ◽

G. Cardinali ◽

C. G. Rizzello ◽

S. Buchin ◽

M. De Angelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Content Type ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

The Matrix ◽

Cell Densities ◽

Almost All ◽

And Storage

ABSTRACTStrains ofLactobacillus plantarumwere grown and stored in cherry (ChJ), pineapple (PJ), carrot (CJ), and tomato (TJ) juices to mimic the chemical composition of the respective matrices. Wheat flour hydrolysate (WFH), whey milk (W), and MRS broth were also used as representatives of other ecosystems. The growth rates and cell densities ofL. plantarumstrains during fermentation (24 h at 30°C) and storage (21 days at 4°C) differed only in part, being mainly influenced by the matrix. ChJ and PJ were the most stressful juices for growth and survival. Overall, the growth in juices was negatively correlated with the initial concentration of malic acid and carbohydrates. The consumption of malic acid was noticeable for all juices, but mainly during fermentation and storage of ChJ. Decreases of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA)—with the concomitant increase of their respective branched alcohols—and His and increases of Glu and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were the main traits of the catabolism of free amino acids (FAA), which were mainly evident under less acidic conditions (CJ and TJ). The increase of Tyr was found only during storage of ChJ. Some aldehydes (e.g., 3-methyl-butanal) were reduced to the corresponding alcohols (e.g., 3-methyl-1-butanol). After both fermentation and storage, acetic acid increased in all fermented juices, which implied the activation of the acetate kinase route. Diacetyl was the ketone found at the highest level, and butyric acid increased in almost all fermented juices. Data were processed through multidimensional statistical analyses. Except for CJ, the juices (mainly ChJ) seemed to induce specific metabolic traits, which differed in part among the strains. This study provided more in-depth knowledge on the metabolic mechanisms of growth and maintenance ofL. plantarumin vegetable and fruit habitats, which also provided helpful information to select the most suitable starters for fermentation of targeted matrices.

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Bimodal code-mixing: Dutch spoken language elements in NGT discourse

Bilingualism Language and Cognition ◽

10.1017/s1366728916000936 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 104-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RICHARD BANK ◽

ONNO CRASBORN ◽

ROELAND VAN HOUT

Keyword(s):

Sign Language ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Mixing Models ◽

Code Mixing ◽

Language Discourse ◽

Sentence Level ◽

The Matrix ◽

Manual Signs ◽

Almost All ◽

Level Analysis

Mouthings, the spoken language elements in sign language discourse, are typically analysed as having a redundant, one-on-one relationship with manual signs, both semantically and temporally. We explore exceptions to this presupposed semantic and temporal congruency in a corpus of spontaneous signed conversation by deaf users of Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT). We identify specifying mouthings (words with a different meaning than the co-occurring sign), solo mouthings (uttered while the hands are inactive) and added mouthings (words added to a signing stream without their corresponding sign), and make a sentence-level analysis of their occurrences. These non-redundant mouthings occurred in 12% of all utterances, and were made by almost all signers. We argue for the presence of a code-blending continuum for NGT, where NGT is the matrix language and spoken Dutch is blended in, in various degrees. We suggest expansion of existing code-mixing models, to allow for description of bimodal mixing.

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