scholarly journals Upper Lip Horizontal Line: Characteristics of a Dynamic Facial Line

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6672
Author(s):  
Alexander D Vardimon ◽  
Nir Shpack ◽  
Atalia Wasserstein ◽  
Marilena Skyllouriotou ◽  
Morris Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cast Model ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gummy Smile

Background: Upper lip appearance received major attention with the introduction of diverse treatment modalities, including lip augmentation, rhinoplasty surgery, and dental treatment designed to support the upper lip. Our objectives were to define the prevalence and characteristics of the upper lip horizontal line (ULHL), which is a dynamic line appearing during a smile, in relation to gender, malocclusions, aging, and facial morphology. Methods: First, the prevalence and gender distribution of ULHL was examined from standardized en-face imaging at full smile of 643 randomly selected patients. Second, cephalometric and dental cast model analyses were made for 97 consecutive patients divided into three age groups. Results: ULHL appears in 13.8% of the population examined, and prevailed significantly more in females (78%). The prevalence of ULHL was not related to age nor to malocclusion. Patients presenting ULHL showed shorter upper lip and deeper lip sulcus. The skeletal pattern showed longer mid-face, shorter lower facial height and greater prevalence of a gummy smile. Conclusions: Female patients with short upper lip, concavity of the upper lip, and gummy smile are more likely to exhibit ULHL. The ULHL is not age-related and can be identified in children and young adults. Therefore, it should be considered when selecting diverse treatment modalities involving the upper lip.

scholarly journals Perioral age-related changes in smile dynamics along the vertical plane

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavna Singh ◽  
Rajiv Ahluwalia ◽  
Deepa Verma ◽  
Stutee B. Grewal ◽  
Rupender Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the changes in characteristics of perioral musculature at rest and when smiling, with respect to age and gender, measured along the vertical plane in a randomly selected sample of a North Indian population. Materials and Methods: Perioral musculature of 195 subjects (divided into three age groups) was recorded using standardized videographic methods. Two frames of each subject—at rest and widest posed smile—were analyzed for a comprehensive list of parameters. Data was evaluated using SPSS version 16 software. Two-way analysis of variance and post hoc least significant difference tests were conducted. Results: Significant observations were increased resting upper lip length for females; decreased upper lip thickness, maxillary incisor exposure, and lip elevation for males; and increased smiling upper lip length for both sexes. Conclusions: With age, the smile gets narrower vertically, especially for the male population. The pattern of change observed in the present study must be considered and incorporated during treatment planning to deliver healthier and long-lasting results to patients of all age groups.

Age- and gender-related normative value of whole-body sagittal alignment based on 584 asymptomatic Chinese adult population from age 20 to 89

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hu ◽  
GCW Man ◽  
KH Yeung ◽  
WH Cheung ◽  
WCW Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender

To establish the age- and sex-related normative values of sagittal alignment in asymptomatic Chinese adults, and to investigate the changes and possible associated compensation mechanisms across age groups. 584 asymptomatic Chinese adults aged 20–89 years were recruited. Subjects were grouped according to age and gender. Whole-body standing radiographs were acquired for evaluating sagittal alignment from spine to lower limb. Sagittal parameters between gender in different age groups were compared via independent t test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to demonstrate relationships between parameters. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) increased steadily while lumbar lordosis decreased gradually in both genders. Pelvic tilt (PT) in male is greater than in female across all age groups with age related gradual increase. There were significant differences between male and female from 20s to 60s in terms of knee flexion angle (KA) and ankle dorsiflexion angle (AA), but the differences were not significant after 60s. T1 pelvic angle (TPA) was significantly correlated with spinal, pelvic and lower-limb alignment. The older group (≥50 years) had a stronger correlation of TPA with PT and KA, whereas the younger (<50 years) had stronger correlation with TK. This study comprehensively presented the normative sagittal alignment based on a large asymptomatic population, which could serve as an age- and gender-specific reference value for spine surgeons when planning for correction surgery. Age can influence the recruitment of compensation mechanism that involve more pelvic and lower limb mechanisms for elderly people.

scholarly journals Imagery Ability and Imagery Perspective Preference: A Study of Their Relationship and Age- and Gender-Related Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Karen P. Y. Liu ◽  
Monica Lai ◽  
Shirley S. M. Fong ◽  
Michelle Bissett
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Temporal Congruence ◽  
Imagery Perspective ◽  
And Gender

This study examined if imagery ability (i.e., vividness and temporal congruence between imagined and executed knee extensions) and imagery perspective preference were affected by ageing and gender. Ninety-four participants, 31 young, 43 intermediate, and 20 older adults completed the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 and a knee extension temporal congruence test to reflect on their imagery ability and an imagery perspective preference test. Male participants had a better imagery ability than the female participants (F 4,85=2.84, p=.029, η2=.118). However, significant age-related changes in imagery ability were not found in the three age groups. Change in imagery perspective preference with a trend towards an external imagery perspective was observed with ageing (F 3,89=3.16, p=.028, η2=.096) but not between male and female. The results suggest that imagery ability may be preserved with ageing. As individuals age, their preference for using an imagery perspective shifts from a more internal to a more external perspective. This understanding is important when designing future imagery research and real-life application or clinical intervention.

Olfactory Acuity as a Function of Age and Gender: A Comparison of African and American Samples

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton E. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
International Data ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Survey Responses

A frequently reported finding in age-related sensory impairment is that olfaction shows consistent and uniform decline with age. In most studies, discerning whether loss in olfaction is due to aging per se or to factors extrinsic to the aging process (e.g., smoking, chemical exposure, head injury) is difficult. Moreover, studies of olfaction have generally relied on data collected from samples drawn primarily from Western societies. As such, little is known regarding differences in olfaction involving non-Western cultures. Using international data from the 1986 National Geographic Smell Survey, responses of 19,219 American respondents and 3,204 respondents from Africa were analyzed. All respondents were screened for factors negatively affecting olfaction. Measures of olfactory acuity included odor detection, identification, intensity, and quality. The odor of interest was androstenone, a scent produced by bacteria on the human body and appearing in sweat. The results indicate that some measures of olfactory acuity tend to decline across age groups, but that this decline is less marked than reported in previous studies. The most important finding is that loss of olfaction is not consistent or uniform between geographic regions of America or Africa, between male vs. female respondents, or among the four measures of olfactory acuity. African respondents (both men and women) had significantly higher percentages of detection than did American respondents, women generally reported higher levels of olfactory functioning than did men, and some measures of olfaction were stable across age groups, or were higher among older respondents (e.g., odor identification).

scholarly journals Assessment of Age-Related Changes on Masticatory Function in a Population with Normal Dentition

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6899
Author(s):  
Seonhui Kim ◽  
Re-Mee Doh ◽  
Leegang Yoo ◽  
Sol-Ah Jeong ◽  
Bock-Young Jung
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Masticatory Performance ◽  
Masticatory Function ◽  
Age Related

This study aimed to investigate the influence of changes in age-related physiological muscular and dental factors on masticatory function. This study was conducted in 211 healthy participants divided into four different age groups: 20–45 years (Gr1); 45–60 years (Gr2); 61–70 years (Gr3); and ≥71 years (Gr4). For objective evaluation of masticatory function, the masticatory performance, bite force, posterior bite area (PBA), functional tooth units (FTUs), the number of remaining teeth, tongue pressure, masseter muscle thickness (MMT), and handgrip strength were examined. Food intake ability (FIA) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 score were assessed subjectively using questionnaires. A significant decrease in the number of remaining teeth, FTUs, handgrip strength, and FIA was found in Gr4, and a significant decrease in the tongue pressure, PBA, and bite force was found in those aged ≥61 years. In groups 1 and 3, an association of the PBA with masticatory performance was observed. However, there was no significant decreasing trend in the MMT with respect to masticatory performance with aging. With sufficient FTUs and posterior tooth support, although age-dependent decreases in the bite force, tongue pressure and handgrip strength were observed, masticatory performance was maintained. Establishing the PBA by improving occlusion through dental treatment is thought to be important for masticatory function.

Estimation of Bone Matrix Apparent Stiffness Variation Caused by Osteocyte Lacunar Size and Density

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yener N. Yeni ◽  
Deepak Vashishth ◽  
David P. Fyhrie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Apparent Stiffness ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Osteocyte Lacunar

The role of osteocyte lacunar size and density on the apparent stiffness of bone matrix was predicted using a mechanical model from the literature. Lacunar size and lacunar density for different bones from different gender and age groups were used to predict the range of matrix apparent stiffness values for human cortical and cancellous tissue. The results suggest that bone matrix apparent stiffness depends on tissue type (cortical versus cancellous), age, and gender, the magnitudes of the effects being significant but small in all cases. Males had a higher predicted matrix apparent stiffness than females for vertebral cancellous bone p<10−7)and the difference increased with age p=0.0007. In contrast, matrix apparent stiffness was not different between males and females for femoral cortical bone and increased with age in both males p<0.0001 and females p<0.0364. Osteocyte lacunar density and size may cause significant gender and age-related variations in bone matrix apparent stiffness. The magnitude of variations in matrix apparent stiffness was small within the physiological range of lacunar size and density for healthy bone, whereas the variations can be profound in certain pathological cases. It was proposed that the mechanical effects of osteocyte density be uncoupled from their biological effects by controlling lacunar size in normal bone.

scholarly journals Age and Gender Differences in Performance at Cross Triathlon World Championships

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Rafael Merino-Marbán ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Robert Podstawski
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction. Cross triathlon is a sport consisting of three segments: swimming, off-road cycling, and running. Our study analyses the differences in performance between genders and changes in performance in selected age categories at the ITU Cross World Championships held between 2011 and 2016. Material and methods. During this period, a total of 1,933 triathletes were analysed (1,472 men and 461 women). Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the impact of sex differences and age-related changes on performance (time, percentage of time, and performance ratio) in swimming, cycling, running, and total race. Results. The age groups with the highest level of participation were persons aged 40-44 and 45-49 years among men and women, respectively. With regards to performance in the different age groups, in men and women, its high level was maintained between 25 and 49 years, and it decreased significantly from the age of 50-54. In men, the best results in cycling and total race time were obtained in the 30-34 age group and in swimming and running in the 40-44 group. Women obtained the best results in running in the 25-29 age group, in cycling in the 30-34 group, and in swimming and total race time in the 35-39 group. Conclusions. The results of the study have confirmed that there is a demand for sports in 40+ age groups. As for performance in the different age groups, it was on a high level between 25 and 49 years and decreased significantly from the age of 50-54 onwards. According to these results, the sports training of these triathletes should be oriented so that they obtain their best results between 30 and 35 years of age.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Approach to the Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis—Review of the Literature

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Marcin Derwich ◽  
Maria Mitus-Kenig ◽  
Elzbieta Pawlowska
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis

Background and objectives: There is an increasing number of patients applying for dental treatment who suffer from temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Osteoarthritis may be the cause of the pain in the area of temporomandibular joints, but its course may also be absolutely asymptomatic. The aim of this study was to present an interdisciplinary approach to TMJOA, including current diagnostics and treatment modalities on the basis of the available literature. Materials and Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were analyzed using the keywords: ((temporomandibular joint AND osteoarthritis) AND imaging) and ((temporomandibular joint AND osteoarthritis) AND treatment). The bibliography was supplemented with books related to the temporomandibular joint. After screening 2450 results, the work was based in total on 98 publications. Results and Conclusions: Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory, age-related, chronic and progressive degenerative joint disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), together with clinical symptoms, play significant roles in TMJOA diagnosis. Current MRI techniques seem to be clinically useful for assessment of bony changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Treatment of TMJOA requires a complex, interdisciplinary approach. TMJOA treatment includes the cooperation of physiotherapists, rheumatologists, gnathologists, orthodontists and quite often also maxillofacial surgeons and prosthodontists. Sometimes additional pharmacotherapy is indicated. Thorough examination of TMJ function and morphology is necessary at the beginning of any orthodontic or dental treatment. Undiagnosed TMJ dysfunction may cause further problems with the entire masticatory system, including joints, muscles and teeth.

Age-Related and Gender-Related Changes in Monaural Speech Recognition

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy R. Dubno ◽  
Fu-Shing Lee ◽  
Lois J. Matthews ◽  
John H. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Related Changes

Previous studies of older listeners suggest age-related declines in speech recognition. However, the interpretation of these results is not straightforward because auditory thresholds, which account for the largest proportion of the variance in speech-recognition scores, also vary considerably with age. Here, effects of age, gender, and auditory thresholds on several measures of speech recognition were assessed for a large sample of individuals enrolled in a longitudinal study of agerelated hearing loss. Participants ranged in age from 55–84 years. They were evaluated with a battery of conventional audiometric measures and speechrecognition materials, including NU-6 monosyllabic words, Synthetic Sentence Identification sentences, and high-context and low-context sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise test. Two analyses were conducted to assure that changes in speech-recognition scores with age were examined independently of age-related changes in auditory thresholds. In the first analysis, no significant differences in speech recognition were observed for individuals in three age groups (55–64, 65–74, 75–84 years) who were selected so that average puretone thresholds for the groups were within 5 dB. In the second analysis, using partial correlations to adjust both score and age for their association with average thresholds, significant declines with age were observed for males in maximum word recognition, maximum synthetic sentence identification, and keyword recognition in high-context sentences. For females, no significant changes in speech recognition with age were observed for any test.

scholarly journals YOUNG CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT SNAIL INTERNAL ANATOMY

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-838
Author(s):  
Eliza Rybska ◽  
Sue Dale Tunnicliffe ◽  
Zofia Anna Sajkowska
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Scientific Phenomena

Drawings can serve as a useful tool for analyzing children’s understanding of scientific phenomena. This study examined children’s understandings about internal structure of the snail. Children from kindergarten at age 5 and from primary school of age 7 and 10, were asked to draw their concept about the internal structure of the snail. The results demonstrate the alternative conceptions held by the children. Analysis showed some significant differences in interpretation between both age groups and gender. Age related differences were in understanding of nervous, circulatory, muscle and digestive system, and such features as food, bones and mucus. Gender differences were not so significant at present studies. There were only few statistically significant observations concerning gender, that boys more often than girls consider mucus and other organisms (such as bacteria) as a part of snail internal structure. The girls drew more in the category food (7 years old) and bones (10 years old). The results also revealed ideas which made sense to the learner, but are not biologically accurate, such as organs located in the foot. Key words: alternative conceptions, drawings, invertebrates, mental models, snails.

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