scholarly journals Is It High Time to Increase Elite Soccer Substitutions Permanently?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7008
Author(s):  
Gustavo R. Mota ◽  
Izabela Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Rhaí André Arriel ◽  
Moacir Marocolo
Keyword(s):  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
High Time ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
The Impact

Rules determine how team sport matches occur. Match-induced fatigue is specific to each sport, and may be associated with injury incidence. For example, the injury rate in soccer is distinctly higher during matches than in training sessions. Understanding the differences between team sports rules might be useful for enhancing rules (e.g., safer sport). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the rule-induced physical demands between soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball, focusing on substitution rules. Data from the elite team sports’ rules (e.g., absolute and relative court dimensions; the number of players, substitutions allowed, total game time, time-outs) were collected, including the changes due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in soccer substitutions, and comparisons were performed. The data showed that soccer has higher rule-induced physical demands: e.g., substantially lower substitution rate, higher dimensions in absolute (eight to fifteen times), and relative (four to eight times) values. Simulations also showed that soccer has extremely large differences, even considering COVID-19 substitution changes (from three to up to five). We conclude that elite soccer has remarkably higher overall rule-induced physical demands than elite futsal, basketball and handball, and increasing soccer substitutions permanently (e.g., unlimited) might mitigate overall soccer demands.

scholarly journals It Is High Time to Increase Elite Soccer Substitutions Permanently

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo R. Mota ◽  
Izabela Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Moacir Marocolo
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Time ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Soccer Injury ◽  
The Impact

The soccer injury rate is distinctly higher during matches than the training sessions. Rules determine how to play, generating specific kinds of fatigue which is associated with the injury incidence. No research has evaluated the impact of potential rule-induced physical demands in soccer or comparing sports. Understanding the differences might be useful for enhancing rules (e.g., safer sport). Therefore, the aims of this study were: a) to described the differences in the rule-induced physical demands of soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball; and b) to evaluate whether soccer rule-induced physical demands are different than the other invasion intermittent team sports, focusing the impact of the substitutions rules. Data were collected from different sports rules (i.e., soccer, futsal, basketball, and handball), and performed hypothetical corrections to equate the other team sports to the soccer (i.e., court dimensions/number of players). The data showed that soccer has higher rule-induced physical demands: lower substitutions, higher dimensions in absolute (eight to 15 times), and relative (four to eight times) values. Hypothetical corrections showed that soccer has remarkably large differences. Therefore, we conclude that soccer has remarkably higher rule-induced physical demands than other team sports, and allowing unlimited substitutions in soccer is a must.

scholarly journals Validity of a Local Positioning System during Outdoor and Indoor Conditions for Team Sports

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5733
Author(s):  
Prisca S. Alt ◽  
Christian Baumgart ◽  
Olaf Ueberschär ◽  
Jürgen Freiwald ◽  
Matthias W. Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Typical Error ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Filtering Technique ◽  
Indoor Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Tracking Technology

This study aimed to compare the validity of a local positioning system (LPS) during outdoor and indoor conditions for team sports. The impact of different filtering techniques was also investigated. Five male team sport athletes (age: 27 ± 2 years; maximum oxygen uptake: 48.4 ± 5.1 mL/min/kg) performed 10 trials on a team sport-specific circuit on an artificial turf and in a sports hall. During the circuit, athletes wore two devices of a recent 20-Hz LPS. From the reported raw and differently filtered velocity data, distances covered during different walking, jogging, and sprinting sections within the circuit were computed for which the circuit was equipped with double-light timing gates as criterion measures. The validity was determined by comparing the known and measured distances via the relative typical error of estimate (TEE). The LPS validity for measuring distances covered was good to moderate during both environments (TEE: 0.9–7.1%), whereby the outdoor validity (TEE: 0.9–6.4%) was superior than indoor validity (TEE: 1.2–7.1%). During both environments, validity outcomes of an unknown manufacturer filter were superior (TEE: 0.9–6.2%) compared to those of a standard Butterworth filter (TEE: 0.9–6.4%) and to unprocessed raw data (TEE: 1.0–7.1%). Our findings show that the evaluated LPS can be considered as a good to moderately valid tracking technology to assess running-based movement patterns in team sports during outdoor and indoor conditions. However, outdoor was superior to indoor validity, and also impacted by the applied filtering technique. Our outcomes should be considered for practical purposes like match and training analyses in team sport environments.

scholarly journals The Research Doesn’t Always Apply: Practical Solutions to Evidence-Based Training-Load Monitoring in Elite Team Sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (s2) ◽  
pp. S2-136-S2-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
External Load ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Professional Team Sports ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
Player Performance ◽  
The Impact

Research describing load-monitoring techniques for team sport is plentiful. Much of this research is conducted retrospectively and typically involves recreational or semielite teams. Load-monitoring research conducted on professional team sports is largely observational. Challenges exist for the practitioner in implementing peer-reviewed research into the applied setting. These challenges include match scheduling, player adherence, manager/coach buy-in, sport traditions, and staff availability. External-load monitoring often attracts questions surrounding technology reliability and validity, while internal-load monitoring makes some assumptions about player adherence, as well as having some uncertainty around the impact these measures have on player performance This commentary outlines examples of load-monitoring research, discusses the issues associated with the application of this research in an elite team-sport setting, and suggests practical adjustments to the existing research where necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Injury Epidemiology in Elite Endurance Runners

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Gabriel Baltazar-Martins ◽  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Muscle Injuries ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Epidemiology ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Type Of Injury ◽  
Genotype A

The p.R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) in the ACTN3 gene causes individuals with the ACTN3 XX genotype to be deficient in functional α-actinin-3. Previous investigations have found that XX athletes are more prone to suffer non-contact muscle injuries. This investigation aimed to determine the influence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism in the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes. Using a cross-sectional experiment, the epidemiology of running-related injuries was recorded for one season in a group of 89 Spanish elite endurance runners. ACTN3 R577X genotype was obtained for each athlete using genomic DNA samples. From the study sample, 42.7% of athletes had the RR genotype, 39.3% had the RX genotype, and 18.0% had the XX genotype. A total of 96 injuries were recorded in 57 athletes. Injury incidence was higher in RR runners (3.2 injuries/1000 h of running) than in RX (2.0 injuries/1000 h) and XX (2.2 injuries/1000 h; p = 0.030) runners. RR runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the Achilles tendon, RX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the knee, and XX runners had a higher proportion of injuries located in the groin (p = 0.025). The ACTN3 genotype did not affect the mode of onset, the severity, or the type of injury. The ACTN3 genotype slightly affected the injury epidemiology of elite endurance athletes with a higher injury rate in RR athletes and differences in injury location. However, elite ACTN3 XX endurance runners were not more prone to muscle-type injuries.

scholarly journals Examining Play Counts and Measurements of Injury Incidence in Youth Football

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 955-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Susan W. Yeargin ◽  
Aristarque Djoko ◽  
Sara L. Dalton ◽  
Melissa M. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Age Range

Context: Whereas researchers have provided estimates for the number of head impacts sustained within a youth football season, less is known about the number of plays across which such impact exposure occurs.Objective: To estimate the number of plays in which youth football players participated during the 2013 season and to estimate injury incidence through play-based injury rates.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Youth football.Patients or Other Participants: Youth football players (N = 2098; age range, 5−15 years) from 105 teams in 12 recreational leagues across 6 states.Main Outcome Measure(s): We calculated the average number of athlete-plays per season and per game using independent-samples t tests to compare age groups (5–10 years old versus 11–15 years old) and squad sizes (<20 versus ≥20 players); game injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) and per 10 000 athlete-plays; and injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare age groups.Results: On average, youth football players participated in 333.9 ± 178.5 plays per season and 43.9 ± 24.0 plays per game. Age groups (5- to 10-year-olds versus 11- to 15-year-olds) did not differ in the average number of plays per season (335.8 versus 332.3, respectively; t2086.4 = 0.45, P = .65) or per game (44.1 versus 43.7, respectively; t2092.3 = 0.38, P = .71). However, players from smaller teams participated in more plays per season (373.7 versus 308.0; t1611.4 = 8.15, P < .001) and per game (47.7 versus 41.4; t1523.5 = 5.67, P < .001). Older players had a greater game injury rate than younger players when injury rates were calculated per 1000 AEs (23.03 versus 17.86/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.60) or per 10 000 athlete-plays (5.30 versus 4.18/10 000 athlete-plays; IRR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.57).Conclusions: A larger squad size was associated with a lower average number of plays per season and per game. Increasing youth football squad sizes may help reduce head-impact exposure for individual players. The AE-based injury rates yielded effect estimates similar to those of play-based injury rates.

scholarly journals Injury surveillance in elite field hockey: a pilot study of three different recording techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000908
Author(s):  
Anna Levi ◽  
Till-Martin Theilen ◽  
Udo Rolle
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
Recording Techniques

ObjectiveIn field hockey, injuries are assessed by various recording techniques leading to a heterogenic collection of poorly comparable injury data.MethodsInjury data were prospectively collected at the 2016 Men’s Hockey Junior World Cup using the match injury reports (MIRs), video injury clips provided by the Fédération Internationale de Hockey, and daily medical reports (DMRs). A pilot study comparing injury type, mechanism, location on the field, injured body part and overall injury incidence among the different injury recording techniques was performed.ResultsMIRs and video injury clips were completely available for analysis. DMRs were returned from 11 out of 16 teams (69%). In total, MIRs yielded 28, video analysis 36, and DMRs 56 injuries. Overall injury rate varied between 24.8 and 57.9 injuries per 1000 player match hours. The majority of injuries affected the lower limbs by all three methods (41.7–61.2%) and were mainly caused by having been hit by the ball (20.4–50%) or stick (11.1–28.6%). Reports of concussions during competition were incoherent between MIR (2 cases) and DMR (no cases). The DMR was the only method to record overuse injuries (16.1%), injuries in training (12.5%), and time-loss injuries of one or two days (12.5%) or of three or more days (14.3%).ConclusionInjury data vary substantially between the MIR, DMR and injury video recording technique. Each recording technique revealed specific strengths and limitations. To further advance injury research in field hockey, the strengths of each recording technique should be brought together for a synergistic injury assessment model.

86 Impact of Community-Level Socioeconomic Disparities on Quality of Life After Burn Injury: A Burn Model Systems Database Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S59-S60
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Mason ◽  
Emma L Gause ◽  
Helena Archer ◽  
Stephen H Sibbett ◽  
Radha K Holavanahalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zip Code

Abstract Introduction Individual- and community-level socioeconomic disparities impact overall health and injury incidence, severity, and outcomes. However, the impact of community-level socioeconomic disparities on recovery after burn injury is unknown. We aimed to characterize the association between community-level socioeconomic disparities and health-related quality of life (HRQL) after burn injury. These findings might inform rehabilitation service delivery and policy making at administrative levels. Methods Participants with the NIDILRR Burn Model System who were ≥14 years with a zip code were included. Sociodemographic and injury characteristics and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and Veterans RAND (VR-12) physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores 6 months after injury were extracted. Data were deterministically linked by zip code to the Distressed Communities Index (DCI), which combines seven census-derived metrics into a single indicator of economic well-being that ranges from 0 (lowest distress) to 100 (highest distress). Multilevel linear regression models estimated the association between DCI and HRQL. Results The 342 participants were mostly male (239, 69%) had a median age of 48 years (IQR 33–57) and sustained a median burn size of 10% TBSA (IQR 3–28%). More than one-third of participants (117, 34%) lived in a neighborhood within the two most distressed quintiles. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and pre-injury HRQL, increasing neighborhood distress was negatively associated with PCS (ß-0.05, SE 0.02, p=0.01). Age and pre-injury PCS were also significantly associated with 6-month PCS. There was no association between neighborhood distress and 6-month MCS. However, pre-injury MCS was significantly associated with 6-month MCS (0.56, SE 0.07, p< 0.001). Conclusions Neighborhood distress is associated with lower PCS after burn injury but is not associated with MCS. Regardless of neighborhood distress, pre-injury HRQL is significantly associated with both PCS and MCS during recovery.

High Injury and Concussion Rates in Female Youth Team Sport: An Opportunity for Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis L Cairo ◽  
Anu M Räisänen ◽  
Isla Shill ◽  
Amanda M Black ◽  
CA Emery
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Female Youth

The aim of this study was to investigate sport-related injury rates, types, locations, and mechanisms in female youth team sports.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study. An anonymous online survey was administered to high school students (ages 14-19) in Canada. The survey included questions regarding demographic information, sport participation and self-reported injuries sustained in the past year. Results were analyzed for girls who reported playing a top ten team sports for female participation. For girls participating in team sports, the overall injury rate was 55.5 injuries/100 participants/year. The rate of at least one concussion was 9.4 concussions/100 participants/year. Injury and concussion rates were highest in ringette (Injury rate=42.9 injuries/100 participants/year, Concussion rate=19.0 concussions/100 participants/year) and rugby (Injury rate=40.0, Concussion rate=15.3). The top three most serious injury locations were the knee (24.7%), ankle (21.6%) and head (16.1%). The most common injury types were joint/ligament sprain (26.71%), fracture (13.0%) and concussion (11.8%). Contact mechanisms accounted for 73.4% of all serious injuries reported in girls team sports.Team sport injury rates are high in female youth team sports. Specific consideration of sport-specific injury rates, types and mechanisms in girls’ team sports will inform development and evaluation of targeted sport-specific prevention strategies.

Injury incidence and locomotor behaviours in polocrosse ponies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yarnell ◽  
G. Starbuck ◽  
A. Riley ◽  
A. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Gps Data ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Injury Risk Factors ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Type Of Injury

There is currently limited information available regarding the physical demands of polocrosse and no information on the specific veterinary problems faced by polocrosse ponies in the United Kingdom. Polocrosse requires the ponies that compete to perform rapid acceleration, sharp turns and sudden halts. The study aim was to explore the injury incidence and type of injury, between the three positions played by polocrosse ponies. Injuries that resulted in withdrawal of a pony during outdoor tournaments in the UK over the 2015 and 2016 seasons were recorded. In addition, GPS data and locomotor behaviours were recorded during winter league tournaments in 2017 and compared between the different position ponies. Ponies that played in the defence position were significantly more likely to become injured (P<0.001) with lameness being the most common cause for withdrawal (P<0.001). Ponies playing in the attack position achieved the fastest speeds and covered the furthest distance. Defence ponies performed significantly more abrupt halts (P=0.007), walk to gallop transitions (P=0.017) and sudden changes in direction (P=0.01) than midfield ponies and more of each manoeuvre than attack ponies, although this was not significant. It is important that the physical demands placed upon polocrosse ponies are investigated further; this will allow identification of injury risk factors, inform training programmes and improve the performance and welfare of the horses involved.

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