Towards a Functional Approach to the Assessment of Daily Life Physical Activity in Children: Are the PAQ-C and Fitbit Flex-2 Technically Adequate?

Considering the need for functional physical activity (PA) measures in PA settings, this study sought to determine the technical adequacy of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and the Fitbit Flex-2, two instruments with promising features for wide use, using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer as the criterion reference. A total of 218 Greek children (94 boys, 124 girls; mean age = 10.99 ± 1.52 years) volunteered to join in. Participants wore the PA trackers for seven days and completed the PAQ-C. Moreover, a sub-group (n = 60) recompleted the PAQ-C after a week. Results revealed acceptable internal consistency and excellent test–retest reliability for the PAQ-C. Regarding concurrent validity, weak to moderate correlations with PA parameters recorded by the GT3X+ were revealed for the total PAQ-C and were excellent for the Flex-2, while a Bland–Altman plot indicated good agreement. Finally, in alignment with relevant literature, significant gender, but no age, differences were found in participants’ PA records in all the tools applied. The above results support the use of the PAQ-C and the Fitbit Flex-2 in children. Considering that they shed light into different parameters of children’s habitual PA, their combined utilisation, providing comprehensive information, is strongly recommended.

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Adaptation and validation of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) among Czech children

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245256 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245256

Author(s):

Roman Cuberek ◽

Marcela Janíková ◽

Jan Dygrýn

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Older Children ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Scale Properties ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Item Scale ◽

Activity Questionnaire

The study aimed to adapt the standardized Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) into the Czech language and assess its psychometric properties. A forwards-and-backwards translation method was carried out to prepare the Czech PAQ-C version (PAQ-C/CZ), followed by adjustments based on socio-cultural aspects. In the next phase, participants (n = 169) wore accelerometers for seven days. On the 8th day, participants completed the PAQ-C/CZ in school so that it was possible to determine the concurrent validity (correlation between the accelerometer and PAQ-C/CZ data, Spearman’s r), internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), item/scale properties (corrected item-total correlations, CITCs), and factor structure (exploratory factor analysis, EFA) for PAQ-C/CZ. In the last phase, participants (n = 63) completed the PAQ-C/CZ twice on two consecutive school days in the morning to determine the test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC; independent sample T-test). The PAQ-C/CZ indicated moderate internal consistency (alpha = 0.77), acceptable item/scale properties (CITCs = 0.29–0.61), and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.73–0.94). The EFA findings suggested a single factor model (factor load = 0.32–0.73) for PAQ-C/CZ, with items 2, 3, and 4 contributing low to the total score. Results on concurrent validity showed low but significant association (r = 0.28, p < 0.05) between accelerometer and PAQ-C/CZ data. Considering the study results, the PAQ-C/CZ can be recommended as a tool for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity assessment in large-sample research studies only, but with an emphasis on the interpretation of the correct results.

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Reliability and Validity of the Japanese Version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children

Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/1179556519835833 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117955651983583 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tsunenori Isa ◽

Ryuichi Sawa ◽

Kohtaroh Torizawa ◽

Shunsuke Murata ◽

Takashi Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Older Children ◽

Japanese Children ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) in Japanese children aged 9 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 210 children aged between 9 and 12 years participated. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated using Cronbach alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Validity was evaluated using athletic competence (AC), self-efficacy (SE), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF), cardiovascular fitness (CVF), and World Health Organization Health Behavior in School-aged Children (WHO HBSC) physical activity questionnaire. Results: Internal consistency was acceptable (alpha = 0.80) and test-retest reliability showed excellent agreement (ICC = 0.83). The PAQ-C score was significantly correlated with AC ( r = 0.41), SE ( r = 0.65), %BF ( r = 0.19), and CVF ( r = −0.32). The PAQ-C score of the active group classified by the WHO HBSC physical activity questionnaire (mean score ± standard deviation [SD] = 3.03 ± 0.57) was significantly higher than that of the inactive group (mean score ± SD = 2.27 ± 0.63, P < .01). Conclusions: The PAQ-C had acceptable reliability and validity. The PAQ-C is a useful instrument to evaluate physical activity for Japanese children aged 9 to 12 years.

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Test–Retest Reliability of the Twin Cities Walking Survey

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.6.1.119 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 119-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ann Forsyth ◽

J. Michael Oakes ◽

Kathryn H. Schmitz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Total Activity ◽

Twin Cities ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Social Features ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Background:The Twin Cities Walking Study measured the associations of built environment versus socioeconomic and psychosocial variables with total physical activity and walking for 716 adults.Methods:This article reports on the test–retest reliability of the survey portion of the study. To test the reliability of the study measures, 158 respondents completed measures twice within 1 to 4 weeks. Agreement between participants’ responses was measured using Pearson r and Spearman rho, and kappa statistics.Results:Demographic questions are highly reliable (R > .8). Questions about environmental and social features are typically less reliable (rho range = 0.42– 0.91). Reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (last 7 days version) was low (rho = 0.15 for total activity).Conclusions:Much of the survey has acceptable-to-good reliability. The low test–retest reliability points to potential limitations of using a single administration of the IPAQ to characterize habitual physical activity. Implications for sound inference are accordingly complicated.

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THE RELIABILITY OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE FOR OLDER CHILDREN (PAQ-C).

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/00005768-199505001-00650 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 27 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S114

Author(s):

P. R.E. Crocker ◽

D. A. Bailey ◽

R. A. Faulkner ◽

D. T. Drinkwater

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Children ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Activity Questionnaire

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Criterion validity and reliability of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – Hungarian short form against the RM42 accelerometer

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10372-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Pongrác Ács ◽

Réka Veress ◽

Paulo Rocha ◽

Tamás Dóczi ◽

Bence László Raposa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Short Form ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Abstract Background Physical inactivity is a global phenomenon in European welfare countries. Proper monitoring is essential to measure the physical activity level of the population. Methods In the Hungarian cohort of the European Physical Activity and Sport Monitoring System (EUPASMOS) project, our participants (N = 598) completed sociodemographic questions and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire – short form (IPAQ-SF) survey. The validity and reliability of the subjective measurement tool were examined, IPAQ-SF outcomes were contrasted against triaxial RM42 accelerometer wore for 7 consecutive days. Results The IPAQ-SF showed moderate internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha = 0.647). The concurrent validity of the IPAQ-SF to triaxial accelerometer indicated a significant weak-to-moderate correlation (R = 0.111–0.338, p = 0.042; p < 0.001). The test-retest reliability showed a significant correlation between two measurements (R = 0.788–0.981, p < 0.001). Conclusion The Hungarian version of the IPAQ-SF had excellent test-retest reliability, but low-to-fair concurrent validity for moderate and vigorous physical activity, walking and sitting time, as compared to the objective criterion measure among Hungarian adults.

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Cuestionario Pictórico de la Actividad Física Infantil: diseño y validación

Actualidades Investigativas en Educación ◽

10.15517/aie.v18i2.33127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

María Morera-Castro ◽

Judith Jiménez-Díaz ◽

Gerardo Araya-Vargas ◽

Emmanuel Herrera-González

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Children ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

El Sistema ◽

Activity Questionnaire

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) indica, en el informe del año 2016, que el 81% de los niños y adolescentes no alcanzan los niveles de actividad física recomendados y que los niveles de sedentarismo han aumentado. El propósito de este artículo fue diseñar el Cuestionario Pictórico de Actividad Física Infantil (C-PAFI) y obtener sus propiedades psicométricas. Las propiedades psicométricas se obtuvieron aplicando el C-PAFI a un total de 742 estudiantes con edades entre los 9 y 13 años. Se obtuvo una confiabilidad moderada, por medio del alfa de Cronbach (α = .637). La validez de contenido se obtuvo por medio de la validez lógica, utilizando el juicio de expertos (CVR = 0.99). La validez de constructo se obtuvo por medio del análisis de factores, los resultados indican que el cuestionario presenta un factor que explica un 70% de la varianza total. La validez de criterio se obtuvo al comparar el C-PAFI con valores obtenidos de la aplicación del “Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C)”. Se encontró una validez moderada por medio del coeficiente correlación intraclase entre los valores del PAQ-C y el C-PAFI (CCI = .741). El C-PAFI es un cuestionario confiable y válido para establecer el nivel de actividad física en la población infantil de 9 a 13 años de edad, que se encuentra en el sistema educativo y cuenta con recreos y clases de educación física.

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Assessing the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ–A): Specific and General Insights from an Ethiopian Context

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/5511728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Eshetu Andarge ◽

Robert Trevethan ◽

Teshale Fikadu

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Close Inspection ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽

Composite Scores ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Activity Questionnaire

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ–A) has been used in a variety of forms and in a range of countries. This study involves a detailed examination of the PAQ–A to determine its applicability and effectiveness in an Ethiopian setting. We administered the scale to 110 Ethiopian adolescents on two occasions, 5 weeks apart. Data were inspected for features typical of the participants and analyzed to identify interitem correlations, the scale’s factor structure, and a range of descriptive statistics concerning composite scores. Most of the scale’s items were satisfactorily interrelated according to lenient criteria, and most items loaded on a single factor in exploratory factor analyses. However, a number of the scale’s properties were deficient according to stringent or conventionally accepted psychometric criteria. Close inspection of participants’ responses highlighted problems in the way the scale is worded, interpreted by participants, and scored. Although the scale does not capture PA as an homogeneous construct, we argue that this is not a problem and neither is its poor test–retest reliability. We make recommendations concerning presentation and scoring of the PAQ–A that are likely to enhance its validity beyond Ethiopia, and we provide a modified version of the scale.

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Comparison between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association criteria to classify the physical activity profile in adults

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0104-11692013000400002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 835-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Suzana Alves de Moraes ◽

Cláudio Shigueki Suzuki ◽

Isabel Cristina Martins de Freitas

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

American Heart Association ◽

International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

American Heart ◽

Heart Association ◽

Activity Profile ◽

Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽

Activity Questionnaire ◽

Good Agreement

OBJECTIVE: the study aims to evaluate the reproducibility between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association criteria to classify the physical activity profile in an adult population living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. METHODS: population-based cross-sectional study, including 930 adults of both genders. The reliability was evaluated by Kappa statistics, estimated according to socio-demographic strata. RESULTS: the kappa estimates showed good agreement between the two criteria in all strata. However, higher prevalence of "actives" was found by using the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association. CONCLUSIONS: although the estimates have indicated good agreement, the findings suggest caution in choosing the criteria to classify physical activity profile mainly when "walking" is the main modality of physical activity.

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