scholarly journals Stress and Anxiety Levels in Pregnant and Post-Partum Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9450
Author(s):  
Anna Stepowicz ◽  
Barbara Wencka ◽  
Jan Bieńkiewicz ◽  
Wojciech Horzelski ◽  
Mariusz Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Informal Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Mental Treatment

The aim of this study was to analyze stress and anxiety levels experienced by pregnant and post-partum women during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to indicate the social and medical factors that could contribute to stress and anxiety. A total of 210 patients were enrolled in the study. Two well-established test-tools were applied: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The study revealed that the levels of stress and anxiety experienced by the surveyed patients were moderate to high. We demonstrated that women with mental treatment history, those in the first trimester of pregnancy and the ones that are single or in an informal relationship tend to experience higher levels of psychological distress and anxiety. Such factors as age, education, parity, eventful obstetric history, comorbidities, and the number of hospital stays proved to be statistically insignificant in the analysis. Our findings could be used to identify patients at greater risk of experiencing adverse mental effects and to provide them with adequate psychological support. Further multi-center studies are warranted in order to draw final conclusions.

scholarly journals Levetiracetam, lamotrigine and carbamazepine: which monotherapy during pregnancy?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Mari ◽  
Fabio Placidi ◽  
Andrea Romigi ◽  
Mario Tombini ◽  
Chiara Del Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Good Clinical Outcome ◽  
Heart Malformation ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Post Partum Period

Abstract Objective Epilepsy treatment during pregnancy is still challenging. The study is aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of carbamazepine (CBZ), lamotrigine (LTG) and levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapies during pregnancy in women with focal (FE) or generalized (GE) epilepsy. Methods A multicentre retrospective study was conducted to evaluate seizures frequency and seizure freedom (SF) rate during 3 months before pregnancy, each trimester of gestation and post-partum period in women on monotherapy with CBZ, LTG and LEV. Results Fifty-seven pregnancies (45 FE, 12 GE) on monotherapy (29 CBZ, 11 LTG, 17 LEV) were included. A significant reduction of seizure frequency was found in the first trimester of pregnancy as compared with that one before pregnancy (p = 0.004), more evident in GE (p = 0.003) and in LEV group (p = 0.004). The SF rate significantly increased in the first trimester in comparison to that one before pregnancy and persisted in the post-partum period in the whole sample (p < 0.001) and in women on LEV (p = 0.004). Besides, 88.57% of SF women before pregnancy remained unchanged during gestation and the post-partum period. One major heart malformation in CBZ and no major malformations in LTG and LEV groups were found. Conclusions A better clinical outcome during pregnancy emerged since the first trimester in comparison to the before-pregnancy period, mostly evident in women with GE and LEV therapy, reinforcing the hypothesis of a protective role of pregnancy versus seizures. SF before pregnancy represents a significant predictive factor of good clinical outcome during gestation and the post-partum period. Compared to CBZ, LTG and LEV showed a better safety profile.

Gestational Exposure to Toxicants and Autistic Behaviors using Bayesian Quantile Regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Alampi ◽  
Bruce P Lanphear ◽  
Joseph M Braun ◽  
Aimen Chen ◽  
Tim K Takaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Autistic Behaviors

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder, which is characterized by impaired social communication and stereotypic behaviors, affects 1-2% of children. While prenatal exposure to toxicants has been associated with autistic behaviors, most studies have focused on shifts in mean behavior scores. We used Bayesian quantile regression to assess the associations between log2-transformed toxicant concentrations and autistic behaviors across the distribution of behaviors. We used data from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study, a pan-Canadian cohort (2008-2011). We measured metal, pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl, phthalate, bisphenol-A, and triclosan concentrations in blood or urine samples collected during the first trimester of pregnancy. Autistic behaviors were assessed in 478 3-4-year-old children using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), where higher scores denote more autistic-like behaviors. Lead, cadmium, and most phthalate metabolites were associated with mild increases in SRS scores at the 90th percentile of the SRS distribution. Manganese and some pesticides were associated with mild decreases in SRS scores at the 90th percentile of the SRS distribution. We identified several monotonic trends where associations increased in magnitude from the bottom to the top of the SRS distribution. These results suggest that Quantile regression can reveal nuanced relationships and should thus be more widely used by epidemiologists.

Hormonal changes and somatopsychologic manifestations in the first trimester of pregnancy and post partum

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenling Fan ◽  
Yuliang Zou ◽  
Aiqun Ma ◽  
Yafei Yue ◽  
Wenjun Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The Association of Maternal Social Class with Maternal Diet and the Dimensions of Babies in a Population of London Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.W. Wynn ◽  
A.H.A. Wynn ◽  
W. Doyle ◽  
M.A. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Dietary Components

Records of the diets of 513 London mothers towards the end of the first trimester of pregnancy have been reported previously to show the maternal nutritional intakes associated with birthweight in the optimum range, which may be assumed to approximate to basic maternal needs for reproduction. The diets associated with low birthweight and small head size were also recorded and were found to be inferior. The present paper shows social class gradients for baby size and 35 essential dietary components, providing an indication of which basic maternal nutritional needs were not always met. There was no social class gradient for intake of total energy, or the energy carriers carbohydrate and fat. There were, however, statistically highly significant social class gradients for intake of protein, seven minerals and six B-vitamins, all of which were also highly significantly correlated with birthweight. Maternal intake of these 14 components of diet fell progressively as birthweight fell, but only for the mothers of smaller babies below 3270g, the median for the study. Further increase of maternal intakes of any nutrient by mothers whose babies were above median did not apparently further increase birthweight. The social and medical problem presented by maternal nutrition is that of a minority of women who enter pregnancy with qualitatively inadequate nutritional status. This minority is found in all social classes but increases from social class I to V, and further still among single mothers. The women comprising this minority eat foods not meeting basic maternal needs for a range of nutrients characteristic of whole grains, vegetables and fruit and dairy produce, which may partly be explained by their high cost.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody And Thyroid Stimulating Hormone In First Trimester Of Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
Nishat Un Nahar ◽  
Zeba Un Naher ◽  
Md. Ashanul Habib ◽  
Forhadul Hoque Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Tsh ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Introduction: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes, like preterm birth, placental abruption, foetal death and impaired neurological development in the child. Simultaneously the presence of antibody to thyroid peroxidase results miscarriage, preterm birth and maternal post partum thyroid disease. Post partum thyroiditis is closely associated with the presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Indeed if a pregnant woman is positive for TPO antibodies early in pregnancy, her chances of developing post partum thyroiditis is 30-52%. Objective: To find out the level of TPO-Ab and thyroid status in first trimester of pregnancy. Method: The cross sectional study was designed in Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria 200 sample was selected by purposive and convenient sampling. The study parameters were- thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab); serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); serum free thyroxin (FT4). Results: 43 (21.5%) pregnant women of first trimester was found to be TPO-Ab positive, among these 43 subjects 16 (8.0%) had raised TSH i.e. >2.5 mIU/L and 27 had TSH level <2.5 mIU/L. Low serum FT4 was in 9 (4.5%) subjects. The study revealed that, there was a significant positive correlation between positive TPO-Ab (>12 IU/mL) and serum TSH level of study subjects and there was negative correlation between serum TSH (>2.5 mIU/L) and serum FT4 in study subjects. Conclusion: TPO-Ab positivity in first trimester of pregnancy and TPOAb positivity was associated with higher TSH and low FT4 level. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 12 No. 02 April’13 Page 164-170 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v12i2.14945

Diagnosis and outpatient management of Gitelman syndrome from the first trimester of pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e241756
Author(s):  
Marie Lim ◽  
David Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

A 32-year-old woman presented with an incidental finding of hypokalaemia on routine bloods at 9 weeks of a second pregnancy, on a background of lifelong salt craving. Her previous pregnancy was uncomplicated. She had no previous significant medical or family history. Venous blood gases showed a hypokalaemic, normochloraemic metabolic alkalosis. Urinary potassium was elevated. Escalating doses of oral supplementation of potassium, magnesium, sodium and potassium-sparing diuretics were required through the course of pregnancy, in response to regular electrolyte monitoring. These were later weaned and completely stopped post partum. Delivery was uneventful with no maternal or neonatal complications. Genetic testing performed post partum showed heterogenous mutation of SCL12A3 gene.

scholarly journals Changes in Prenatal Depression and Anxiety Levels in Low Risk Pregnancy Among Iranian Women: A Prospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Kazemi ◽  
Aazam Dadkhah
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Low Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background There is limited information on the changes in uncomplicated pregnancies. Therefore, in the present study, the changes of depression and anxiety changes in uncomplicated pregnancies during the prenatal period was evaluated.Method This longitudinal study was performed on 256 pregnant women at the beginning of the first trimester of pregnancy. Inclusion criteria included the absence of pre-pregnancy depression and anxiety and poor pregnancy history. Exclusion criteria were the incidence of pregnancy complications. The level of their depression and anxiety at the time of entering the study were completed by self-report using the DASS questionnaire at 9–10, 11–12, 24–25, and 33–35 weeks of pregnancy.Results The results of the study indicated the effect of time on the level of perinatal depression and anxiety (p < 0.001). These findings showed that the level of depression increased significantly from 9 to 24 weeks of pregnancy and decreased in the 32–34 weeks, but did not reach the level of depression at 9 weeks of pregnancy. Also, the anxiety level increased significantly from the onset of pregnancy to the 24 weeks gestation but did not change during the second and third trimesters. The findings of the study showed that depression and anxiety levels in each of the pregnancy termites were related to its level in the previous trimesters.Conclusion The results of the study showed that the level of depression and anxiety of women in uncomplicated pregnancies also increases. Therefore, psychological health screenings in the second trimester of pregnancy should be performed in these women.

FRACTIONAL DETERMINATIONS OF URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti A. Järvinen ◽  
Sykkö Pesonen ◽  
Pirkko Väänänen
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Daily Urine ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The fractional determination of 17-ketosteroids in the daily urine was performed in nine cases of hyperemesis gravidarum and in four control cases, in the first trimester of pregnancy both before and after corticotrophin administration. The excretion of total 17-KS is similar in the two groups. Only in the hyperemesis group does the excretion of total 17-KS increase significantly after corticotrophin administration. The fractional determination reveals no difference between the two groups of patients with regard to the values of the fractions U (unidentified 17-KS), A (androsterone) and Rest (11-oxygenated 17-KS). The excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone is significantly higher in the hyperemesis group than in the control group. The excretion of androstanolone seems to be lower in the hyperemesis group than in the control group, but the difference is not statistically significant. The differences in the correlation between dehydroepiandrosterone and androstanolone in the two groups is significant. The high excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and low excretion of androstanolone in cases of hyperemesis gravidarum is a sign of adrenal dysfunction.

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