scholarly journals Modeling the Dynamics of Drug Spreading in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Haoxiang Tang ◽  
Mingtao Li ◽  
Xiangyu Yan ◽  
Zuhong Lu ◽  
Zhongwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dynamical Behaviors ◽  
Effective Intervention Strategy ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Drug Free

Drug abuse remains one of the major public health issues at the global level. In this article, we propose a drug epidemic model with a complete addiction–rehabilitation–recovery process, which allows the initiation of new users under the influence of drug addicts undergoing treatment and hidden drug addicts. We first conduct qualitative analyses of the dynamical behaviors of the model, including the existence and positivity of the solutions, the basic reproduction number, global asymptotic stabilities of both the drug-free and the drug-persistent equilibria, as well as sensitivity analysis. Then we use the model to predict the drug epidemic in China during 2020–2030. Finally, we numerically simulate the potential impact of intervention strategies on different drug users. The results show that the drug epidemic will decrease significantly during 2020−2030, and the most effective intervention strategy to eliminate drug epidemics is to strengthen the investigation and rehabilitation admission of hidden drug users.

Global dynamics of a heroin epidemic model with age structure and nonlinear incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyuan Yang ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Fengqin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Nonlinear Incidence Rate ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Nonlinear Incidence ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Heroin Model

A heroin model with nonlinear incidence rate and age structure is investigated. The basic reproduction number is determined whether or not a heroin epidemic breaks out. By employing the Lyapunov functionals, the drug-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]; while the drug spread equilibrium is also globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]. Our results imply that improving detected rates and drawing up the efficient prevention play more important role than increasing the treatment for drug users.

Dynamic analysis based on the relapse rate of drug epidemic model

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150052
Author(s):  
Lu Niu ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Number Formula ◽  
Drug Free

In this paper, we study a drug epidemic model based on epidemiology by dividing the human population into four classes at time [Formula: see text]: susceptibles (S), drug users (I), drug users who are treated in isolation and temporarily quit drugs[Formula: see text] and drug users who are treated in isolation and permanently quit drugs [Formula: see text]. We obtain the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] of the model and perform its sensitivity analysis. We show that if [Formula: see text], then the drug-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and if [Formula: see text], there exists an drug-abuse equilibrium and it is locally asymptotically stable. The proposed model may possess forward and backward bifurcations. Moreover, three different control strategies and numerical results are presented. Through different adjustments to obtain graphical results, we obtain the best strategy to control the drug epidemic.

Being an Addict and Healing: Narratives and Practices in A Gospel Rehabilitation Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Yumeng YAO
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Geographic Factor ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Healing Narratives

As a social problem, addiction is especially troublesome in the southwestern border areas of China. This research explores how they became addicts and how to deal with it based on six months of ethnographic research in a gospel rehabilitation center in Yunnan. In rationality analysis and discussion, personal choices of drug users arc often held accountable. However > it is necessary to take the geographic factor and historical background into consideration when reflecting on their way of being addicted. Besides? this study would > through personal narratives of drug addicts? attempt to introduce the irrationality factor of desire to analyze from the perspective of the subjects how their drug use experience is related to the society through desires. And then, by using participant observation of their daily practices in the center, this study makes an in-depth exploration of how such desires arc handled through healing treatment at the Gospel Rehabilitation Center. And how they through healing practices to realize rebirth.

Effects of choral singing on salivary cortisol levels and self-reported stress in university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Glauco De Cunto Carelli Taets ◽  
Ramon Werner Heringer Gutierrez ◽  
Leila Brito Bergold ◽  
Luana Silva Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Choral Singing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Although mental disorders are common among university students, the majority of students with mental health issues do not seek out treatment during their academic life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel group approach- choir singing, and its potential impact on stress, via salivary cortisol levels and self-reported stress levels in university students during 4 sessions of choir singing. It was based on a quasi-experimental research conducted with 25 Brazilian university students. Each choir singing session lasted 60 minutes. A question was asked before and after the intervention: what is the level of your stress? Salivary cortisol was collected before and after the intervention. After the choir singing intervention, there was  a statistically significant reduction in self-reported stress (p<0.0001) and salivary cortisol levels (p<0.0001). This research suggests that choir singing can reduce the self-reported stress of university students after 4 weeks of follow-up with ∆= 45.83% and salivary cortisol levels in the first week with ∆= 3.57%.

scholarly journals MODELING KENYA’S DOMESTIC RADICALIZATION LIKE A DISEASE BY INCORPORATING EFFORTS OF CLERGIES, REHABILITATION CENTERS AND JUSTICE SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Analytical Results

This study presents a deterministic model for domestic radicalization process in Kenya and uses the model to assess the effect of efforts of good clergies, rehabilitation centers and legal system in lowering radicalization burden. The likelihood of other drivers of radicalization to individuals who are not religious fanatics was considered. The possibility of individuals in rehabilitated subclass quitting back to violent class was considered. The equilibrium points were computed, their stabilities investigated and important thresholds determining the progression of the radicalization computed. The sensitivity analysis of control reproduction number indicates that high intervention rates hold is likely to reduce the radicalization burden. The results indicate that use of good clergies to assist individuals’ radicalized but peaceful, to recover is the best intervention strategy. Estimated numerical results and simulations were carried to confirm analytical results.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis-C viral infection among opioid dependent injectable drug users: a study conducted at regional hospital drug de-addiction and treatment centre, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2458
Author(s):  
Kushel Verma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Vaishali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
North India ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Injectable Drug ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: There are a limited number of studies regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections among the drug addicts in Himachal Pradesh; C virus (HCV) infection in north India especially Himachal with very high rates of substance abuse. The present study was attempted to study the prevalence of hepatitis C among the injectable drug users, which is more important in a country like India where viral hepatitis is estimated to be among the top ten causes of deaths.Methods: A study was conducted in 2019-2020 (July-April). HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HIV tests in 235 drug addicts were studied. Urine samples obtained from drug addicts were analyzed for cannabis, opiate and cocaine metabolites.Results: The subjects included were 235 IDUs who were opioid dependent. All the 235 drug users were males, and their mean age was 30.69±9.494 years; 112 (47.7%) of them were in the age group ranging 20 - 29 years (p <0.05). Of 235 drug addicts, 113 (48.1%) and 115 (48.9%) were only cannabis and opiate users, respectively. The frequencies of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV among drug addicts were 2.6%, 38.3%, and 9.4%, respectively.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that HCV infection was an alarming problem among opiate users in this part of Himachal. It is suggested to rapidly diagnose the infected persons; thus preventive measures and appropriate control may limit further transmission of these infections.

Treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts A field study for inmates in the Rusafa second parking lot and Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 195-232
Author(s):  
MAYSSAM OBAID ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Parking Lot

The study aimed to identify the treatment and rehabilitation of drug addicts for a sample of inmates in the Al-Rusafa second parking lot and in Ibn Rushd Psychiatric Hospital, in order to identify the causes of addiction and the rehabilitation programs provided to drug users. To achieve this, the researcher followed the descriptive and analytical approach by applying a questionnaire to a sample of 60 Addict The results showed that the most popular groups for addiction are young people, and crystal is the most popular drug among them, and among the most important factors driving their addiction are bad friends and unemployment as well as leisure time, and the results showed that there are differences between age and the desire of addicts to take treatment Also, the company of friends restricts the addict and hinders him from applying for treatment, and the results show that the demand for drug treatment decreases the lower the educational level. Key words: drugs, addiction, rehabilitation, treatment of addicts

Substance Abuse Co-Occurrence with Mental Health Issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-283
Author(s):  
Kirstin Painter ◽  
Maria Scannapieco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Family Issues ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Substance abuse, including the use of alcohol and other drugs, is one of the most prevalent disorders among adolescents and young adults, co-occurring with many other psychiatric and mental health disorders. Some use of alcohol and drugs can be expected during adolescence; however, it is necessary to use screening tools to differentiate between misuse of drugs and alcohol and substance abuse. Some brief and comprehensive screening instruments are mentioned in this chapter for future reference. General indicators of substance abuse disorders such as physical and emotional symptoms, family issues, and social problems are explored, and the chapter discusses some of the most commonly abused drugs. Emphasis is put on incorporating treatments of substance abuse with treatments of mental illness for a more comprehensive intervention strategy for people with co-occurring disorders.

Efficacy of Art Therapy in Treating Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
pp. 308-320
Author(s):  
Deepali Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Art Therapy ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Good Communication

Paranoid Schizophrenia chronic mental illnesses according to DSM-IVTR characterized by the presence of delusion of persecution, suspicious, distrusting, guarded, reserved, tensed, and also sometimes hostile or aggressive. Patients also perceive exaggerated warmth and friendship by the professionals as attempt at bribery, manipulation or exploitation. But therapeutic relationship between patient and the professional is integral to the recovery process and the outcome. Good communication on the part of health care professionals is an essential element in developing the strong practitioner-patient relationship necessary in the treatment of schizophrenia. Professionals are usually at a look out for tools to build a working alliance best used in such cases. Usually behavioural therapy, supportive therapy and family therapy are used for such patients. But sometimes with chronic and resistant client will get stuck at the initial rapport itself. At this stage probably art therapy as an advance intervention strategy to work with patient as an advanced intervention strategies and treatment.

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