scholarly journals Regional Disparity and Patients Mobility: Benefits and Spillover Effects of the Spatial Network Structure of the Health Services in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Kaibo Xu ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Zhengmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Spatial Network ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Medical Resource ◽  
Medical Resources

Background: The distribution of medical resources in China is seriously imbalanced due to imbalanced economic development in the country; unbalanced distribution of medical resources makes patients try to seek better health services. Against this backdrop, this study aims to analyze the spatial network characteristics and spatial effects of China’s health economy, and then find evidence that affects patient mobility. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from the China Health Statistical Yearbooks and China Statistical Books. The gravitational value of China’s health spatial network was calculated to establish a network of gravitational relationships. The social network analysis method was used for centrality analysis and spillover effect analysis. Results: A gravity correlation matrix was constructed among provinces by calculating the gravitational value, indicating the spatial relationships of different provinces in the health economic network. Economically developed provinces, such as Shanghai and Jiangsu, are at the center of the health economic network (centrality degree = 93.333). These provinces also play a strong intermediary role in the network and have connections with other provinces. In the CONCOR analysis, 31 provinces are divided into four blocks. The spillover effect of the blocks indicates provinces with medical resource centers have beneficial effects, while provinces with insufficient resources have obvious spillover effects. Conclusion: There is a significant gap in the geographical distribution of medical resources, and the health economic spatial network structure needs to be improved. Most medical resources are concentrated in economically developed provinces, and these provinces’ positions in the health economic spatial network are becoming more centralized. By contrast, economically underdeveloped regions are at the edge of the network, causing patients to move to provinces with medical resource centers. There are health risks of the increasing pressure to seek medical treatment in developed provinces with abundant medical resources.

scholarly journals A Study of the Spatial Network Structure of the Health Economy in China: Benefits and Spillover Effects on Patient Mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Xu Kaibo ◽  
Liu Feng ◽  
Liang Lu ◽  
Wang Zhengmin
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Western China ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Spatial Network ◽  
Medical Resource ◽  
Patient Mobility ◽  
Medical Resources

Abstract Background: The distribution of medical resources in China is seriously imbalanced due to imbalanced economic development in the country, and unbalanced distribution of medical resources makes patients try to seek better health services. Against this backdrop, this study aims to analyse the spatial network characteristics and spatial effects of China's health economy ,and then find evidence that affects patient mobility. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from the China Health Statistical Yearbooks and China Statistical Books. The gravitational value of China’s health spatial network was calculated to establish a network of gravitational relationships. The social network analysis method is used for centrality analysis and spillover effect analysis. Based on the gravitational value, we used indicators for visits, health expenditure, GDP and geographical distance, as well as an illustrative index for the population, bed utilization, and burden of consultations per day. Results: A gravity correlation matrix was constructed among provinces by calculating the gravitational value, indicating the spatial relationships of different provinces in the health economic network. Economically developed provinces, such as Shanghai and Jiangsu, are at the centre of the health economic network (centrality degree=93.333). These provinces also play a strong intermediary role in the network and have connections with other provinces. In the CONCOR analysis, 31 provinces are divided into four blocks. In the traditional meaning analysis, the gap between eastern and western China is still obvious. In comparing the northern and southern regions, this study finds that the concentration of medical resources in northern provinces seems to be higher. The spillover effect of the blocks indicates provinces with medical resource centres have beneficial effects, while provinces with insufficient resources have obvious spillover effects. Conclusion: There is a significant gap in the geographical distribution of medical resources, and the health economic spatial network structure needs to be improved. Most medical resources are concentrated in economically developed provinces, and these provinces’ positions in the health economic spatial network are becoming more centralized. By contrast, economically underdeveloped regions are at the edge of the network, causing patients to move to provinces with medical resource centres. There are health risks of the increasing

scholarly journals A Study of the Spatial Network Structure of the Health Economy in China: Regional Health Inequality and Patient Mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Xu Kaibo ◽  
Lu Feng ◽  
Liang Lu ◽  
Wang Zhengmin
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Western China ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Spatial Network ◽  
Medical Resource ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Four Blocks

Abstract Background: The distribution of medical resources in China is seriously imbalanced due to imbalanced economic development in the country. To meet the challenges presented by increasing demand and unevenness in medical resources, the primary goal of health system reform is to eliminate spatial disproportion. Against this background, this study aims to assess the distribution characteristics of regional medical resources and the effects of regional imbalances.Methods: Data for this study were drawn from the China Health Statistical Yearbooks and China Statistical Books . The gravitational value of China’s health spatial network was calculated to establish a network of gravitational relationships. The social network analysis method is used for centrality analysis and spillover effect analysis. Based on the gravitational value, we used indicators for visits, health expenditure, GDP and geographical distance, as well as an illustrative index for the population, bed utilization, and burden of consultations per day. Results: A gravity correlation matrix was constructed among provinces by calculating the gravitational value, indicating the spatial relationships of different provinces in the health economic network. Economically developed provinces, such as Shanghai and Jiangsu, are at the centre of the health economic network (centrality degree=93.333). These provinces also play a strong intermediary role in the network and have connections with other provinces. In the CONCOR analysis, 31 provinces are divided into four blocks. In the traditional meaning analysis, the gap between eastern and western China is still obvious. In comparing the northern and southern regions, this study finds that the concentration of medical resources in northern provinces seems to be higher. The spillover effect of the blocks indicates provinces with medical resource centres have beneficial effects, while provinces with insufficient resources have obvious spillover effects.Conclusion: There is a significant gap in the geographical distribution of medical resources, and the health economic spatial network structure needs to be improved. Most medical resources are concentrated in economically developed provinces, and these provinces’ positions in the health economic spatial network are becoming more centralized. By contrast, economically underdeveloped regions are at the edge of the network, causing patients to move to provinces with medical resource centres. There are health risks of the increasing pressure to seek medical treatment in developed provinces with abundant medical resources.

Effects of tourism development on economic growth: An empirical study of China based on both static and dynamic spatial Durbin models

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110211
Author(s):  
Honghong Liu ◽  
Ye Xiao ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Dianting Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

This study applies the dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the direct and spillover effects of tourism development on economic growth from the perspective of domestic and inbound tourism. The results are compared with those from the static SDM. The results support the tourism-led-economic-growth hypothesis in China. Specifically, domestic tourism and inbound tourism play a significant role in stimulating local economic growth. However, the spatial spillover effect is limited to domestic tourism, and the spatial spillover effect of inbound tourism is not significant. Furthermore, the long-term effects are much greater than the short-term impact for both domestic and inbound tourism. Plausible explanations of these results are provided and policy implications are drawn.

scholarly journals Spatial Spillover Effect and Influencing Factors of Information Flow in Urban Agglomerations—Case Study of China Based on Baidu Search Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Chengzhuo Wu ◽  
Li Zhuo ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Haiyan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Search Index ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Cities in an urban agglomeration closely interact with each other through various flows. Information flow, as one of the important forms of urban interactions, is now increasingly indispensable with the fast development of informatics technology. Thanks to its timely, convenient, and spatially unconstrained transmission ability, information flow has obvious spillover effects, which may strengthen urban interaction and further promote urban coordinated development. Therefore, it is crucial to quantify the spatial spillover effect and influencing factors of information flows, especially at the urban agglomeration scale. However, the academic research on this topic is insufficient. We, therefore, developed a spatial interaction model of information flow (SIM-IF) based on the Baidu Search Index and used it to analyze the spillover effects and influencing factors of information flow in the three major urban agglomerations in China, namely Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the period of 2014–2019. The results showed that the SIM-IF performed well in all three agglomerations. Quantitative analysis indicated that the BTH had the strongest spillover effect of information flow, followed by the YRD and the PRD. It was also found that the hierarchy of cities had the greatest impact on the spillover effects of information flow. This study may provide scientific basis for the information flow construction in urban agglomerations and benefit the coordinated development of cities.

scholarly journals Spatial Interaction Spillover Effects between Digital Financial Technology and Urban Ecological Efficiency in China: An Empirical Study Based on Spatial Simultaneous Equations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8535
Author(s):  
Yaya Su ◽  
Zhenghui Li ◽  
Cunyi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Ecological Efficiency ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Three Stage Least Squares ◽  
Financial Technology

As a core component of the digital economy, digital financial technology has a complex interactive and interdependent relationship with ecological efficiency. From the holistic spatial interaction perspective, this paper uses spatial simultaneous equations and generalized spatial three-stage least squares (GS3SLS) to analyze the spatial interaction spillovers between digital financial technology and urban ecological efficiency based on data from 284 Cities in China from 2008 to 2018. The results show that: (1) Digital financial technology and urban ecological efficiency promote each other, and the latter is relatively dominant. (2) Both digital financial technology and urban ecological efficiency have significant spatial spillover effects. (3) Digital financial technology in surrounding cities has a restraining effect on local ecological efficiency, and the improvement of ecological efficiency in surrounding cities has a siphon effect on local digital financial technology. (4) There is spatial and period heterogeneity in the intensity of the spatial interaction spillover effect between the two. With resources and environment increasingly becoming rigid constraints on economic growth, these findings help identify new drivers of regional ecological efficiency and promote the coordinated development of digital finance and green ecology.

scholarly journals The Effects from The U.S. and Japan to Emerging Stock Markets in Asia and Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SDAG Lab
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Volatility Spillovers ◽  
Return Effect ◽  
Asian Emerging Markets ◽  
The U.S

The subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. in mid-2008 suggests that stock prices volatility do spillover from one market to another after international stock markets downturn. The purpose of this paper is to examine the magnitude of return and volatility spillovers from developed markets (the U.S. and Japan) to eight emerging equity markets (India, China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand) and Vietnam. Employing a mean and volatility spillover model that deals with the U.S. and Japan shocks and day effects as exogenous variables in ARMA(1,1), GARCH(1,1) for Asian emerging markets, the study finds some interesting findings. Firstly, the day effect is present on six out of nine studied markets, except for the Indian, Taiwanese and Philippine. Secondly, the results of return spillover confirm significant spillover effects across the markets with different magnitudes. Specifically, the U.S. exerts a stronger influence on the Malaysian, Philippine and Vietnamese market compared with Japan. In contrast, Japan has a higher spillover effect on the Chinese, Indian, Korea, and Thailand than the U.S. For the Indonesian market, the the return effect is equal. Finally, there is no evidence of a volatility effect of the U.S. and Japanese markets on the Asian emerging markets in this study.

scholarly journals Electronic health records in ambulances: the ERA multiple-methods study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-140
Author(s):  
Alison Porter ◽  
Anisha Badshah ◽  
Sarah Black ◽  
David Fitzpatrick ◽  
Robert Harris-Mayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Future Work

Background Ambulance services have a vital role in the shift towards the delivery of health care outside hospitals, when this is better for patients, by offering alternatives to transfer to the emergency department. The introduction of information technology in ambulance services to electronically capture, interpret, store and transfer patient data can support out-of-hospital care. Objective We aimed to understand how electronic health records can be most effectively implemented in a pre-hospital context in order to support a safe and effective shift from acute to community-based care, and how their potential benefits can be maximised. Design and setting We carried out a study using multiple methods and with four work packages: (1) a rapid literature review; (2) a telephone survey of all 13 freestanding UK ambulance services; (3) detailed case studies examining electronic health record use through qualitative methods and analysis of routine data in four selected sites consisting of UK ambulance services and their associated health economies; and (4) a knowledge-sharing workshop. Results We found limited literature on electronic health records. Only half of the UK ambulance services had electronic health records in use at the time of data collection, with considerable variation in hardware and software and some reversion to use of paper records as services transitioned between systems. The case studies found that the ambulance services’ electronic health records were in a state of change. Not all patient contacts resulted in the generation of electronic health records. Ambulance clinicians were dealing with partial or unclear information, which may not fit comfortably with the electronic health records. Ambulance clinicians continued to use indirect data input approaches (such as first writing on a glove) even when using electronic health records. The primary function of electronic health records in all services seemed to be as a store for patient data. There was, as yet, limited evidence of electronic health records’ full potential being realised to transfer information, support decision-making or change patient care. Limitations Limitations included the difficulty of obtaining sets of matching routine data for analysis, difficulties of attributing any change in practice to electronic health records within a complex system and the rapidly changing environment, which means that some of our observations may no longer reflect reality. Conclusions Realising all the benefits of electronic health records requires engagement with other parts of the local health economy and dealing with variations between providers and the challenges of interoperability. Clinicians and data managers, and those working in different parts of the health economy, are likely to want very different things from a data set and need to be presented with only the information that they need. Future work There is scope for future work analysing ambulance service routine data sets, qualitative work to examine transfer of information at the emergency department and patients’ perspectives on record-keeping, and to develop and evaluate feedback to clinicians based on patient records. Study registration This study is registered as Health and Care Research Wales Clinical Research Portfolio 34166. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

scholarly journals Posdaya Bina Sejahtera Kota Bogor sebagai Model Pemberdayaan Kemandirian Masyarakat Akar Rumput

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yannefri Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Capital Development

As a part of the concern to the grass root society, Bogor Agricultural University had been established family empowerment station (Posdaya) the model of community development since 2007. The purpose of Posdaya is to increase the capacity of grass root society to fulfil their need of live by their social capital development. For this purposes the action research was done to explore the appropriate strategy for social facilitation approach in developing their capacity in education, health, economy, and environment. Until 2010, there was 106 Posdaya at Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi area. Posdaya Bina Sejahtera Kelurahan Pasir Mulya Bogor was one of a good example in developing Posdaya that has been established at 8<sup>th</sup> May 2007. In the initiative phase, several activities had been done, included survey of the potency of community development, mini-workshop, meeting, training, coordinating, and empowering. In the implementation phase, several result had been yielded included organizational establishment, action plan, readiness of cadre, core activities development in education (pre-school and moving library), health services (post health services, geriatric health services, children family planning), economy (<em>syari’ah</em> microfinance institutionalization, small business for food production, and handy-craft), environment (environmental based agribusiness and household waste management). Action research concluded that Posdaya was empowerment strategy in developing grass root society by bottom up program on their self-reliance capacity in using local and potential resources. Posdaya was the institutionalization of social capital that relevant to the need of grass root society in developing education, health, economy, and environment. By these approach Posdaya considered as a proved model of community development in developing both physical and non physical of the society.

Engagement valence duality and spillover effects in online brand communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Lay-Hwa Bowden ◽  
Jodie Conduit ◽  
Linda D. Hollebeek ◽  
Vilma Luoma-aho ◽  
Birgit Apenes Solem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Communities ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Online Brand Communities ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Online brand communities (OBCs) are an effective avenue for brands to engage consumers. While engaging with the brand, consumers simultaneously interact with other OBC members; thus engaging with multiple, interrelated engagement objects concurrently. The purpose of this paper is to explore both positively and negatively valenced consumer engagement with multiple engagement objects, the interplay between these, and the spillover effect from consumers’ engagement with the OBC to their engagement with the brand. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on 16 in-depth interviews with OBC members of a luxury accessory brand, a constant comparative method was adopted using axial and selective coding procedures. The objective was to understand the nature of participants’ engagement with the brand, the OBC, and the interplay between individuals’ engagement with these objects. The coding framework and resultant interpretive frameworks address engagement valence, outcomes, and direction. Findings This study illustrates consumer expressions of consumers’ positively and negatively valenced engagement with a focal brand, and with the OBC. Further, it demonstrates the interplay (spillover effect) that occurs between consumers’ engagement with the OBC, to their engagement with the brand. While the existence of positively valenced engagement with the OBC was found to further enhance consumer brand engagement (i.e. reflecting an engagement accumulation effect), negatively valenced engagement with the OBC was found to reduce consumer brand engagement (i.e. reflecting an engagement detraction effect). Originality/value While consumer engagement has been recognized to have both positive and negative manifestations, this study demonstrates that consumers’ engagement valence may differ across interrelated engagement objects (i.e. the brand and the OBC). Further, we demonstrate the existence of engagement spillover effects from the OBC to the brand for both positively and negatively valenced engagement.

Pooling in Tourism Demand Forecasting

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Haiyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Demand Forecasting ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Forecasting Performance

This study investigates whether pooling can improve the forecasting performance of tourism demand models. The short-term domestic tourism demand forecasts for 341 cities in China using panel data (pooled) models are compared with individual ordinary least squares (OLS) and naïve benchmark models. The pooled OLS model demonstrates much worse forecasting performance than the other models. This indicates the huge heterogeneity of tourism across cities in China. A marked improvement with the inclusion of fixed effects suggests that destination features that stay the same or vary very little over time can explain most of the heterogeneity. Adding spatial effects to the panel data models also increases forecasting accuracy, although the improvement is small. The spatial distribution of spillover effects is drawn on a map and a spatial pattern is recognized. Finally, when both spatial and temporal effects are taken into account, pooling improves forecasting performance.

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