scholarly journals ANN-Based Integrated Risk Ranking Approach: A Case Study of Contaminants of Emerging Concern of Fish and Seafood in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Saurav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Major Pathway ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Emerging Compounds

Seafood, one of the most important food commodities consumed worldwide, is considered a high-quality, healthy, and safe food option. However, marine ecosystems are the ultimate destination for a large group of chemicals, including contaminants of emerging concern, and seafood consumption is a major pathway of human exposure. With growing awareness of food safety and food quality, and increased demand for information on the risk of contaminants of emerging concern, there is a need to assess food safety issues related to harmful contaminants in seafood and ensure the safety of marine food resources. In this study, the risks of emerging compounds (endocrine disruptors, brominated flame retardants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and toxic elements) in fish and seafood were analyzed according to their PBT (persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity) properties as well as in terms of their concentration levels in seafood. A hazard index (HI) was estimated for each compound by applying an artificial neural network (ANN) approach known as Self-Organizing-Maps. Subsequently, an integrated risk rank (IRI) was developed considering the values of HI and the concentrations of emerging compounds in seafood species gathered from the scientific literature. Current results identified HHCB, MeHg, NP, AHTN and PBDE209 as the top five highest ranked compounds present in seafood, according to the 50th percentile (mean) of the IRI. However, this ranking slightly changed when taking into account the 99th percentile of the IRI, showing toxic elements, methylmercury and inorganic arsenic, as having the highest risk. The outcome of this study identified the priority contaminants and should help in regulatory decision-making and scientific panels to design screening programs as well as to take the appropriate safety measures.

scholarly journals Toxic elemental content of Hungarian blaufränkisch wines

2016 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Áron Soós ◽  
Szilvia Várallyay ◽  
Béla Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Toxic Element ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Elemental Contents ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Toxic elemental contents are one of the food safety risks in wines. Therefore International Organization of Vine and Wine (O.I.V.) defined the limit of some elements in it. Thirty Hungarian blaufränkisch wines were analysed by ICP-MS in order to determine the concentration of toxic elements. All wines are passed by the O.I.V limits to toxic element content (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) according to analysis. Copper is the only outlier in some samples, but they also did not overstep the limit. In the case of zinc the maximum is approximately fourth, in case of cadmium and lead the highest concentration is less than tenth and sixth of the O.I.V. limit, respectively.

Steel Mill Wastes Application in Soil: Dynamics of Potentially Toxic Elements in Rice and Health Risk Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geila S. Carvalho ◽  
Jakeline R. Oliveira ◽  
Isabela Vasques ◽  
Monna Lysa T. Santana ◽  
Marina Justi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
High Hazard

Abstract Potentially toxic elements (PTE’s) are of great concern in steel mill wastes. Therefore, in other to use them as potential fertilizers in soil, risk assessments are needed. Three steel mill wastes were tested as possible amendments for soils at six different doses (0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 t ha-1): Phosphate mud (PM), Metallurgical press residue (MPR) and Filter press mud (FPM) during rice cultivation in a pot experiment in a Haplic Gleisol. Analysis on rice tissues, including roots, shoots, husk and grains were conducted and contents of Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn, Mn and Pb were assessed. Translocation and bioaccumulation factors were calculated for each element. In general, PTE’s are more accumulated in roots and greater contents of Zn and Mn were found, while the lowest ones were found for Pb, probably due to its lack of functional roles during plants development. Higher translocation was observed for Mn, which is associated to the redox conditions of rice cultivation and the high mobility of this element under this condition. Application of steel mill wastes can increase PTE’s bioavailability and translocation factors, especially PM, but all of the wastes reveal a high hazard index.

Rice ingestion is a major pathway for human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 318 ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingli Zhang ◽  
Wei Zou ◽  
Li Mu ◽  
Yuming Chen ◽  
Chaoxiu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Major Pathway

scholarly journals The occurrence of aflatoxins and human health risk estimations in randomly obtained maize from some markets in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
Theophilus Annan ◽  
Papa Toah Akonor ◽  
Seidu A. Richard ◽  
Helen Ama Annan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

AbstractMaize and its products are most often prone to fungal contamination especially during cultivation and storage by toxigenic fungi. Aflatoxicosis still persist in Ghana despite the numerous education on several ways of its prevention at the farm as well as its adverse health implications which are food safety concerns. A random assessment and human risk analysis was conducted on 90 maize (72 white and 18 colored) samples from markets across all the regions of Ghana. Total aflatoxins (AFtotal) and the constitutive aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Out of a total of ninety (90) samples investigated, 72 (80%) tested positive for AFB1 and the contamination levels ranged from 0.78 ± 0.04 to 339.3 ± 8.6 µg kg−1. Similarly, AFG2 was detected in only 14 (15.5%) samples, and their values ranged between 1.09 ± 0.03 and 5.51 ± 0.26 µg kg−1 while AF total ranged between 0.78 ± 0.04 and 445.01 ± 8.9 µg kg−1 constituting approximately 72 (80%). Limits of AFB1 and total aflatoxins (AFtotal) for the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) (5 and 10 µg kg−1) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2 and 4 µg kg−1), were used as checks. A total of 33 (41.25%) samples were above the limits for both. Risk assessments recorded for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), av. Potency, and population risks ranged 0.087–0.38 μg kg−1 bw day−1, 1.5–6.9, 0.0087–0.38, 3.64–12.09, 0–0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg−1 bw day−1 and, 3.5 × 10–1–0.015 respectively for total aflatoxins. While ranges for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) recorded were 0.068–0.3 μg Kg bw−1 day−1, 2.43–10.64, 0.0068–0.030, 4.73–20.51, 0–0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg−1 bw day−1 and, 2.69 × 10–3–0.012 for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), Av. potency, and population risks respectively. It was deduced that although there was some observed contamination of maize across the different ecological zones, the consumption of maize (white and colored) posed no adverse health effects on the population of Ghana since computed H.I was less than 1 (< 1).

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Aflatoxins and Human Health Risk Estimations in Randomly Obtained Maize from Some Markets in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nii Korley Kortei ◽  
Theophilus Annan ◽  
Papa Toah Akonor ◽  
Seidu Richard ◽  
Helen Annan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Margin Of Exposure

Abstract Maize and its products are most often prone to fungal contamination especially during cultivation and storage by toxigenic fungi. Aflatoxicosis still persist in Ghana despite the numerous education on several ways of its prevention at the farm as well as its adverse health implications which are food safety concerns. A random assessment and human risk analysis was conducted on 90 maize (72 white and 18 colored) samples from markets across all the regions of Ghana. Total aflatoxins (AFtotal) and the constitutive aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Out of a total of ninety (90) samples investigated, 72 (80%) tested positive for AFB1 and the contamination levels ranged from 0.78 ± 0.04–339.3 ± 8.6µg/kg. Similarly, AFG2 was detected in only 14 (15.5%) samples, and their values ranged between 1.09 ± 0.03–5.51 ± 0.26 µg/kg while AF total ranged between 0.78 ± 0.04- 445.01 ± 8.9 µg/kg constituting approximately 72 (80%). Limits of AFB1 and total aflatoxins (AFtotal) for the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) (5 and 10 µg/kg) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2 and 4 µg/kg), were used as checks. A total of 33 (41.25%) samples were above the limits for both. Risk assessments recorded for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), av. Potency, and population risks ranged 0.087–0.38 µg/Kg.bw/day, 1.5–6.9, 0.0087-0.38, 3.64–12.09, 0-0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg− 1bwday− 1 and, 3.5x10− 1 – 0.015 respectively for total aflatoxins. While ranges for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) recorded were 0.068-0.3 µg/Kg.bw/day, 2.43–10.64, 0.0068-0.030, 4.73–20.51, 0-0.0396 ng Aflatoxins kg− 1bwday− 1 and, 2.69 x10− 3-0.012 for Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Quotient (H.Q), Hazard Index (H.I), Margin of Exposure (MOE), Av. potency, and population risks respectively. It was deduced that although there was some observed contamination of maize across the different ecological zones, the consumption of maize (white and colored) posed no adverse health effects on the population of Ghana since computed H.I was less than 1 (< 1).

scholarly journals A Review of Chemical Contaminants in Marine and Fresh Water Fish in Nigeria

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2013
Author(s):  
Abimbola Uzomah ◽  
Anne-Katrine Lundebye ◽  
Marian Kjellevold ◽  
Fubara A. Chuku ◽  
Oluwafemi A. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Metal Levels

Pollutants in aquatic food are a major global concern for food safety and are a challenge to both national and international regulatory bodies. In the present work, we have reviewed available data on the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), persistent organic pollutants, metals, and microplastics in freshwater and marine fish in Nigeria with reference to international maximum levels for contaminants in food and the potential risk to human health. While most of the contaminant levels reported for fish do not imply any health issues, iron and lead may represent potentially toxic levels in fish from specific areas. Studies on PAHs in marine fish are scarce in Nigeria, and the main focus is on the environmental pollution caused by PAHs rather than on their presence in food. The findings suggest that the consumption of smoked Ethmalosa fimbriata poses a higher potential carcinogenic risk than the other fish species that were investigated. Most of the other studies on PAHs in smoked fish are focused on the smoking method, and little information is available on the initial level of PAHs prior to the smoking process. Metal contamination in fish appeared to be affected by mineral deposits in the environment and industrial effluents. In general, heavy metal levels in fish are below the maximum levels, while there is limited data available on POPs of relevance to food safety in fish from Nigeria, particularly in terms of dioxins, brominated flame retardants, and fluorinated compounds. Furthermore, there is currently limited information on the levels of microplastics in fish from Nigerian waters. This work revealed the need for a more systematic sampling strategy for fish in order to identify the most vulnerable species, the hot spots of contaminants, and applicable food safety control measures for fish produced and consumed in Nigeria.

Integrated risk assessment of potentially toxic elements and particle pollution in urban road dust of megacity of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamaad Raza Ahmad ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Fahad Sardar ◽  
Muhammad Aamer Maqsood ◽  
Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Integrated Risk Assessment ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Particle Pollution

scholarly journals Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water Treatment Plants from Korea: Occurrence and Human Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Wonjin Sim ◽  
Sol Choi ◽  
Gyojin Choo ◽  
Mihee Yang ◽  
Ju-Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Perfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

In this study, the concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in raw water and treated water samples obtained from 18 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The ∑13OPFR concentrations in the treated water samples (29.5–122 ng/L; median 47.5 ng/L) were lower than those in the raw water (37.7–231 ng/L; median 98.1 ng/L), which indicated the positive removal rates (0–80%) of ∑13OPFR in the DWTPs. The removal efficiencies of ∑27PFAS in the DWTPs ranged from −200% to 50%, with the ∑27PFAS concentrations in the raw water (4.15–154 ng/L; median 32.0 ng/L) being similar to or lower than those in the treated water (4.74–116 ng/L; median 42.2 ng/L). Among OPFR, tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were dominant in both raw water and treated water samples obtained from the DWTPs. The dominant PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)) in the raw water samples were slightly different from those in the treated water samples (PFOA, L-perfluorohexane sulfonate (L-PFHxS), and PFHxA). The 95-percentile daily intakes of ∑13OPFR and ∑27PFAS via drinking water consumption were estimated to be up to 4.9 ng/kg/d and 0.22 ng/kg/d, respectively. The hazard index values of OPFR and PFAS were lower than 1, suggesting the risks less than known hazardous levels.

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