scholarly journals Neighborhood-Level Lead Paint Hazard for Children under 6: A Tool for Proactive and Equitable Intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2471
Author(s):  
Mikyung Baek ◽  
Michael B. Outrich ◽  
Kierra S. Barnett ◽  
Jason Reece
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
White Children ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Lead Paint ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Lead Hazards ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Lead is well known for its adverse health effects on children, particularly when exposure occurs at earlier ages. The primary source of lead hazards among young children is paint used in buildings built before 1978. Despite being 100% preventable, some children remain exposed and state and local policies often remain reactive. This study presents a methodology for planners and public health practitioners to proactively address lead risks among young children. Using geospatial analyses, this study examines neighborhood level measurement of lead paint hazard in homes and childcare facilities and the concentration of children aged 0–5. Results highlight areas of potential lead paint hazard hotspots within a county in the Midwestern state studied, which coincides with higher concentration of non-white children. This places lead paint hazard in the context of social determinants of health, where existing disparity in distribution of social and economic resources reinforces health inequity. In addition to being proactive, lead poisoning intervention efforts need to be multi-dimensional and coordinated among multiple parties involved. Identifying children in higher lead paint hazard areas, screening and treating them, and repairing their homes and childcare facilities will require close collaboration of healthcare professionals, local housing and planning authorities, and community members.

scholarly journals Planning and Conducting Magnetic Field Level Measurement from Overhead Transmission Line

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 3124
Author(s):  
H.M. Luqman ◽  
M.N.R. Baharom ◽  
H. Ahmad ◽  
Irshad Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Overhead Transmission Line ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Field Level ◽  
Field Radiation

Human population and power consumption keeps on growing with each year. In order to satisfy electricity demand, more electrical energy has to be supplied, resulting in higher magnetic field level radiation. In rapid urbanization country, lack of space will force civilization to be built near overhead transmission line that sparks public concern on adverse health effects due to the magnetic field radiation. A new UTHM hostel residential area was built near OTLs that shared the same concern. Thus a proper planning to conduct magnetic field level measurement was done to examine the maximum magnetic field level radiated that covered the hostel residential area. The results were far from reaching the maximum permissible magnetic field level proposed by ICNIRP. Though, the steps taken and the methods used might be suitable guidelines for others that encounter similar situations.

scholarly journals Communicating Prevention Messages to Policy Makers: The Role of Stories in Promoting Physical Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s1) ◽  
pp. S99-S107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Stamatakis ◽  
Timothy D. McBride ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Research To Policy

Background:While effective interventions to promote physical activity have been identified, efforts to translate these interventions into policy have lagged behind. To improve the translation of evidence into policy, researchers and public health practitioners need to consider new ways for communicating health promoting messages to state and local policymakers.Methods:In this article, we describe issues related to the translation of evidence supporting physical activity promotion, and offer some communication approaches and tools that are likely to be beneficial in translating research to policy.Results:We discuss the use of narrative (ie, stories) and describe its potential role in improving communication of research in policy-making settings. In addition, we provide an outline for the development and design of policy briefs on physical activity, and for how to target these briefs effectively to policy-oriented audiences.Conclusions:Improvements in researchers' and practitioners' abilities to translate the evidence they generate into high-quality materials for policy makers can greatly enhance efforts to enact policies that promote physical activity.

Shifting the Financial Burden: The VA Ambulatory Care Discharge Policy

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Wakefield ◽  
Robert L. Ludke ◽  
James E. Rohrer ◽  
Brenda M. Booth ◽  
Steven Breese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cost Shifting ◽  
Discharge Policy ◽  
State And Local

The Department of Veterans Affairs is a primary source of health care services for many of the nation's uninsured and underinsured. Changes in congressionally mandated eligibility criteria and limited increases in appropriations have forced the Department to adopt a policy of discharging chronic but stable outpatients who have been treated for non-service-connected health conditions. Survey data from one VA medical center suggest that many, but not all, of those discharged: 1) have either Medicare or private insurance coverage; 2) have not sought or found alternative physician services in then-local communities; 3) have discontinued taking previously prescribed medications; 4) report worsened health status since discharge; and, 5) have been hospitalized. In general, discharged patients from the lowest income group report the greatest financial access barriers. Preliminary analyses of the discharge policy suggest the potential for decreased access to needed medical services due to financial factors and cost-shifting from the VA to patients and other federal, state and local payers and providers.

E-waste: the growing global problem and next steps

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Heacock ◽  
Carol Bain Kelly ◽  
William A. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

AbstractIn many low- and middle-income countries, handling and disposal of discarded electrical or electronic equipment (EEE) is frequently unregulated. e-Waste contains hazardous constituents such as lead, mercury, and chromium, certain chemicals in plastics, and flame retardants. There is increasing concern about health effects related to contamination in air, soil, and water for people working and living at or near informal e-waste processing sites, especially to the most vulnerable populations, pregnant women and children. The observed adverse health effects and increasing number of e-waste sites make protecting human health and the environment from e-waste contamination an expanding challenge. Through international cooperation, awareness can be elevated about the harm that e-waste processing poses to human health. Here we discuss how international researchers, public health practitioners, and policymakers can employ solutions to reduce e-waste exposures.

scholarly journals Effect of Exterior Home Renovation on Community Lead Hazards: A Pilot Study in South Bend, Indiana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Moon ◽  
Meghanne Tighe ◽  
Joshua Brooks ◽  
J. Mike Coman ◽  
Heidi Beidinger-Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Level ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Lead Paint ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
South Bend ◽  
Lead Hazards

Communities across the US face challenges from legacy lead contamination. In South Bend, Indiana, over 68,000 homes were built before 1978, and most contain leaded paint. When these homes are repainted, repaired, or renovated, failure to use lead-safe practices can contaminate the surrounding soil with lead paint flakes and dust. In this study, we used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to measure soil lead levels surrounding a home with exterior leaded paint (about 10% Pb w/w) after it was repainted in fall of 2019. The painted wooden exterior was prepared for painting by dry scraping without the use of tarps or plastic barriers. A total of 220 soil samples were collected from the home and its immediate neighbors, and an additional 102 samples were collected from 34 homes in the same neighborhood. The median lead level in dripline soil samples across the neighborhood was 434 ppm, but in the recently repainted house, the median soil lead was 1808.9 ppm, and it was 1,346.4 ppm in the four neighboring homes. The repainted house and its four neighbors were mulched by covering all bare soil to a 4-6 inch depth with chipped wood mulch. Two months later, another 100 soil samples were collected and analyzed. The surface lead level around the target house dropped to 13.8 ppm, showing that mulching is an effective strategy for interim control of high soil lead levels.

Prevention of Lead Paint—or Prevention of Pica?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
Reginald S. Lourie ◽  
Paul F. Wehrle
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Accidental Poisoning ◽  
Basic Part ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Paint ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Chronic Childhood

The otherwise excellent and timely statement on acute and chronic childhood lead poisoning of the Academy's Committee on Environmental Hazards and Subcommittee on Accidental Poisoning of the Committee on Accident Prevention1 has one serious omission. After calling attention to pica as a major factor in lead poisoning in young children, this fundamental cause for most cases of plumbism is disregarded. A basic part of the problem would appear to be how it attacks the reasons why the children eat the paint on the walls in the first place.

Measurements and Assessment of Sound Emitted by Toys Intended for Children under the Age of Three Years Old

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Beata Grynkiewicz-Bylina ◽  
Bożena Rakwic
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Hearing Organ ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children’S Exposure

AbstractToys emitting sounds are classified as significant sources of noise found in the children environment. Impulse and continuous noise emitted by toys, used in close to the child’s ear, acting directly on the organ of hearing, can lead to serious adverse health effects. This is especially true for children under the age of three, in which the state of the hearing organ determines their intellectual development.The current level of safety of sound emitting toys intended for children in this age group is insufficient. This is confirmed by the reports from the control of market surveillance authorities.A new approach to the assessment of children’s exposure to noise generated by toys, included in EN 71-1:2011 + A2:2013 Standard, based on the permissible values applicable to the workplaces, requires further tests and verification.The paper presents the results of the research work and assesses the level of sound emitted by toys in the light of current standard requirements, carried out using the author’s methodology. Toys intended for children under the age of 3 years, commercialized on the European market by Polish manufacturers and importers were tested. The results of the tests allowed us to determine the impact of duration of the sound pressure level measurement on the final result.

scholarly journals Job Satisfaction and Expected Turnover Among Federal, State, and Local Public Health Practitioners

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1782-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon P. Leider ◽  
Elizabeth Harper ◽  
Ji Won Shon ◽  
Katie Sellers ◽  
Brian C. Castrucci
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

scholarly journals Sun Exposure Public Health Directives

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2794 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hoel ◽  
Frank de Gruijl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Age Related

There have been many public health recommendations for avoiding UV radiation exposures. This is primarily due to concerns about skin cancer and especially melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer. However, UV radiation is also known as the primary source of vitamin D and other compounds needed for good health. This brief commentary lists several of the many important recent studies of adverse health effects associated with low sun exposure, including some specific cancers, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, autism, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Our conclusion is that non-burning UV exposure is a health benefit and—in moderation—should be recommended as such.

Perceptions of Racially Related Stimuli by Young Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Stabler ◽  
James A. Zeig ◽  
Edward E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Free Play ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Baseball Bats

The colors white and black are used as symbolic referents for, respectively, positive and negative evaluations. Studies are reviewed which describe the nature and extent of children's association of white with good and black with bad. A total of 375 white and 399 black children were tested. White and black preschool children respond similarly to the colors white and black, but white children show more polarization in their color associations than do black children. When children were filmed as they hit white or black boxes or bobo dolls with plastic baseball bats, black objects were more often the target than white objects. Preschool children's evaluative associations to the colors white and black are related to their choices of white or black playmates in a free-play situation. As child ten become older, their perceptions of the colors white and black become differentiated from their perceptions of white and black people.

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