scholarly journals Perceived Safety and Pedestrian Performance in Pedestrian Priority Streets (PPSs) in Seoul, Korea: A Virtual Reality Experiment and Trace Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2501
Author(s):  
Haeryung Lee ◽  
Seung-Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Trace Mapping ◽  
Post Hoc

Pedestrian Priority Street (PPS) project, launched to encourage safer and more convenient walking by improving the inferior pedestrian environment on narrow streets without sidewalks, is based on Monderman’s shared space concept. Similar to the shared space approach, PPS aims for mutual consideration between pedestrians and drivers and strives to create a pedestrian-friendly environment, but the project relies on a unique road surface design. Considering the two main goals of the PPS project, this study investigated how subjective safety and pedestrians’ movements differed by design types. To analyze safety perception, ordered Logit regression and post-hoc interviews were conducted with visual assessment survey using recorded VR (virtual reality) videos. Next, trace mapping and analysis were performed based on the video recordings to measure the degree of free walking. The results found that pedestrians perceived higher safety level in PPSs than in general back road. Further, the pedestrians moved more freely in the street with an integrated design. In other types, which suggested a pedestrian zone at the roadside, there was not much difference in behavior from the general back roads. Thus, the design principle of PPS, which does not set a boundary between pedestrian and vehicle area, should be observed to lead to behavioral changes in pedestrians.

Integrated Design and Evaluation of Solar Energy and Building Based on Virtual Simulation Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1237-1241
Author(s):  
Qian Kun Wang ◽  
Wei Wei Zuo ◽  
Shi Pan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Virtual Simulation ◽  
Simulation Technology ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Organic Combination

Based on analysis of the application status of the virtual reality technology and energy simulation technology in energy-efficient building, authors put organic combination with the virtual reality technology and energy simulation technology. Application methods of virtual simulation are discussed in integrated design of solar energy and building. And the evaluation process of solar energy and building integrated design is put forward. At the same time, according to the software of 3D Studio MAX and ECOTECT, the paper studies the case of solar energy and building integrated design virtual simulation.

scholarly journals Using Virtual Reality to Test for Telepathy: A Proof-of-Concept Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-702
Author(s):  
David Vernon ◽  
Thomas Sandford ◽  
Eric Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Receiver Performance ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Correct Target ◽  
Sensory Isolation

Telepathy is one of the most commonly reported psi-type experiences and represents the idea that one person can acquire information relating to the thoughts/feelings/intentions of another from a distance via a non-usual route. Typically the procedure involves a Sender and a Receiver who are physically separated whilst the former attempts to relay target information to the latter. Refinements to this paradigm have included placing the Receiver in sensory isolation in an effort to enhance the signal to noise ratio of the signal, as seen in the ganzfeld research. Here the aim was to immerse the Sender in a virtual reality (VR) environment in an effort to boost the transmission of the target whilst keeping the Receiver in partial sensory isolation. Using such a paradigm we tested eleven pairs of participants, each acting as Sender and Receiver across five trials. In each trial the Sender was immersed in a VR environment depicting a positive arousing experience (e.g., skiing downhill, driving a racing car). The Receiver’s task was to identify the correct target image from a set of 5 (i.e., 20% chance) matched for mean valence and arousal. Initial analysis of Receiver performance showed hit rates that did not differ significantly from chance. However, a post-hoc analysis comparing participants top two choices to chance showed a mean hit rate of 52% which was significantly greater than chance (at 40%). Examination of possible associations between hit rate and belief in psi as well as the subjectively rated strength of the relationship between Sender-Receiver pairings only showed a correlation with the psi sub-scale of the RPB. Hence, we argue that participant hit rate is more suggestive than conclusive of a telepathic effect. In addition, we outline a number of methodological refinements which we think could help to improve the viability and effectiveness of using VR.

scholarly journals Pedestrians’habits while crossing the road at a former zebra crossing

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
M. Sucha
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cooperative Approach ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
New Situation

This paper presents research results focused on pedestrians’ crossing behaviour, the role of habit and routine route choice, pedestrians’ perceived safety and comfort, preferences, and waiting times. Data was collected and analysed using rapid on-site interviews with pedestrians, on-site observations and video recordings. The results indicate that vulnerable pedestrians choose different crossing strategies: waiting for a driver to give way to them rather than waiting for a safe gap to pass, and require a much more cooperative approach from drivers than other pedestrians. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that the removal of the crossings reduced pedestrians’ perceived safety and comfort, on the other hand, their awareness has been raised. While adult pedestrians can cope with the new situation relatively well and cross the road without major difficulties, the same does not apply to vulnerable road users.

A combination of constraint-induced therapy and motor control retraining in the treatment of focal hand dystonia in musicians

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Berque ◽  
Heather Gray ◽  
Cassandra Harkness ◽  
Angus McFadyen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Focal Hand Dystonia ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hand Dystonia

Focal hand dystonia (FHD) in musicians is a painless task-specific motor disorder characterized by an involuntary loss of control of individual finger movements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an innovative behavioural therapy intervention, aimed at normalising movement patterns, in musicians affected by FHD. METHODS: Eight musicians volunteered to take part in this retraining protocol. Intensive constraint-induced therapy and motor control retraining at slow speed were the interventions. Video recordings of the subjects playing two pieces were used for data analysis. The Frequency of Abnormal Movements scale (FAM), the change in metronome speed achieved during motor control retraining, and two ordinal dystonia evaluation scales were chosen as outcome measures. It was hypothesised that there would be significant differences in the FAM scores and metronome speeds over a 12-month period. RESULTS: For the main outcome measure, the FAM scale scores, the two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed a very significant decrease in the number of abnormal movements per second of instrumental playing over the 12-month period (F = 6.32, df = 7, p<0.001). Tukey's post-hoc tests carried out for the FAM scores revealed that significant changes occurred after 8 months of therapy. DISCUSSION: These results suggest that a combination of constraint-induced therapy and specific motor control retraining may be a successful strategy for the treatment of musicians' FHD. Furthermore, the results suggest that retraining strategies may need to be carried out for at least 8 months before statistically significant changes are noted.

The Reality of Virtual Reality: A Comparison of Pedestrian Behavior in Real and Virtual Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 2056-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaram Bhagavathula ◽  
Brian Williams ◽  
Justin Owens ◽  
Ronald Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Road User ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Pedestrian Behavior ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Vulnerable Road User ◽  
Study Participants

Virtual reality (VR) can be a very effective tool to evaluate built environment to support improvement of pedestrian and other vulnerable road user safety. However, in order to draw actionable conclusions from VR it is important to understand the degree to which pedestrians’ perceptions and behaviors match across real and virtual environments. In this study, participants experienced equivalent real and virtual environments and performed similar tasks in each. Tasks included pedestrian’ intention to cross, estimation of speed and distance of an approaching vehicle, and the perceived safety and risk of crossing a road. Pedestrians’ presence was also measured in all environments. Result showed that there were no differences between the real and virtual environments for most of the tasks. Significant differences between real and virtual environments were observed in the estimation of speed and measures of presence. These results have important implications for using VR as tool to evaluate pedestrian safety in built environments.

scholarly journals Finding the Optimal D/H Ratio for an Enclosed Urban Square: Testing an Urban Design Principle Using Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaecheol Kim ◽  
Seungnam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Urban Square ◽  
Important Design

Using immersive virtual reality (VR), this study examined the D/H ratio principle (where “D” means the depth or width of a public space and “H” means the height of its surrounding buildings.) that urban design theorists have suggested as an important design principle for public spaces. The authors built VR models of eight enclosed urban public squares with different D/H ratios ranging from 1/3 to 6/1. They then carried out an experiment in the form of a visual assessment survey using the VR models with 69 university students majoring in urban planning and compared the optimal D/H ratios from the experimental results with those proposed by urban design theorists. The statistical analysis of the experimental results revealed that the optimal D/H ratios for most qualities of public squares are larger than the optimal ratios claimed by theorists.

IDEAs: Integrated Design Environment Algorithms - A Precursor to Systems Engineering in Virtual Reality

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Carpenter ◽  
Kathleen M. Brennan ◽  
David A. DeBoskey ◽  
Marc E. Deveny ◽  
Mohamed S. El-Genk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Integrated Design Environment

scholarly journals Simple Video-Based Spatiotemporal Gait Analysis Is Not Better than Subjective Visual Assessment of Lameness in Dogs

VCOT Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e65-e71
Author(s):  
Julie H. Møller ◽  
Anne D. Vitger ◽  
Helle H. Poulsen ◽  
James E. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Head Height ◽  
Walking Speeds

Abstract Introduction Visual gait analysis is prone to subjectivity, but objective analysis systems are not widely available to clinicians. Simple video analysis using high-definition recordings might enable identification of temporal or spatial variations that could permit objective and repeatable assessments of lameness in general practice. Methods Cohorts of normal and mildly to moderately lame dogs were filmed using a standardized protocol. Using freely available software, measurements of stance, swing and stride time were obtained, along with measurements of pelvic, shoulder, and head height for each limb. Symmetry ratios were calculated, and distributions of normal and lame dogs compared using Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Recordings from 35 normal dogs were assessed along with 30 dogs with grade 1 to 3/5 lameness. While no consistent significant differences in temporal characteristics could be found, head height asymmetry was significantly different between lame and normal dogs (p = 0.003), with pairwise comparison showing this difference was restricted to forelimb-lame dogs (p = 0.03). Conclusion While potentially useful for patient records, use of video recordings at walking speeds for simple spatiotemporal gait analysis does not appear to offer clinically significant advantages over visual gait analysis in a typical clinical population of lame dogs.

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