scholarly journals How Trust in Information Sources Influences Preventative Measures Compliance during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5867
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Maykrantz ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
Ashley V. Petrolino ◽  
Brandye D. Nobiling ◽  
Jeffery D. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Informal Information ◽  
Formal Information

This paper explores how trust in formal information sources (government and media) and informal information sources (interpersonal) about COVID-19 influences compliance with preventive measures. This cross-sectional study uses convenience sampling of 478 adult participants. Data analyses using structural equation modeling with multigroup comparisons examine hypothesized relationships between trust in information sources and preventative behaviors and social distancing. Results suggest that understanding of COVID-19 causes is related to trust in formal information sources, but not to trust in informal information. Self-efficacy for prevention is related to trust in informal information sources, but not to trust in formal information sources. Worry about contracting COVID-19 is related to trust in formal information sources, but not to informal ones. Engaging in preventive measures is linked to both self-efficacy for prevention and worry, while social distancing was related only to worry. These findings have important implications for public health policy guidelines centered on clear and truthful media messages. The findings also facilitate comparative analyses of reactions to information sources across a decade of evolving attitudes toward media and government, between two cultures (Hong Kong vs. the USA), and between two different global pandemics.

scholarly journals Leisure attitude, stress-related growth, and quality of life during COVID-19-related

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Hoon Han ◽  
Hye Ji Sa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Life Education

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related restrictive measures have impacted on leisure activities globally; South Korea is no exception. In this cross-sectional study we identified the need to increase leisure opportunities during social distancing and respond to changes in leisure activities post-COVID-19. The leisure attitude, stress-related growth, and quality of life of 260 participants were examined via an online survey. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results show that during social distancing, leisure attitude was positively associated with stress-related growth, leisure attitude was not significantly associated with quality of life, and stress-related growth was positively associated with quality of life. From a long-term perspective, as leisure activities can improve stress-related growth and quality of life, education and related discussions must continue to ensure that people hold a positive attitude toward leisure participation.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Preventive Behavior of COVID-19 Outbreak Among Community in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 101053952110125
Author(s):  
Normaliza Ab Malik ◽  
Rusyda Helma Mohd ◽  
Nor Ba’yah Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second Wave

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, self-efficacy, and preventive behaviors against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak using an online self-administered questionnaire. A high percentage of the respondents had high knowledge and perceived self-efficacy scores. Most of them performed the government-recommended preventive measure such as hand washing for 20 seconds, wearing a face mask, use of hand disinfectant, avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth, cover mouth when coughing, staying home when sick, and not travelling abroad, as these are effective preventive measures to prevent the spread of the disease. However, less than half of the participants believed social distancing, self-quarantine, and avoiding crowded places were effective preventive measures. Enhancing social distancing along with other preventive measures help prevent the spread of COVID-19 transmission.

scholarly journals Calling Injury Timeouts for the Medical Evaluation of Concussion: Determinants of Collegiate Football Officials' Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Kroshus ◽  
John Parsons ◽  
Brian Hainline
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Sports Officials ◽  
Collegiate Football

Context:  Sports officials can play an important role in concussion safety by calling injury timeouts so that athletic trainers can evaluate athletes with possible concussions. Understanding the determinants of whether officials call an injury timeout when they suspect a concussion has important implications for the design of interventions to better support officials in this role. Objective:  To assess the knowledge of US collegiate football officials about concussion symptoms and to determine the associations between knowledge, perceived injunctive norms, and self-efficacy in calling injury timeouts for suspected concussions. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Electronic survey. Patients or Other Participants:  Of the 3074 US collegiate football officials contacted, 1324 (43% response rate) participated. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Concussion knowledge, injunctive norms (belief about what others would want them to do), and behavioral self-efficacy (confidence in their ability to call injury timeouts for suspected concussions in athletes during challenging game-day conditions). Results:  Officials reported calling approximately 1 injury timeout for a suspected concussion every 4 games during the 2015 season. Structural equation modeling indicated that officials with more concussion-symptom knowledge had greater self-efficacy. Independent of an official's symptom knowledge, injunctive norms that were more supportive of calling an injury timeout were associated with greater self-efficacy. Conclusions:  Concussion education for officials is important because when officials are aware of concussion symptoms, they are more confident in calling injury timeouts. Beyond increasing symptom knowledge, fostering sports environments that encourage concussion safety can support officials in calling injury timeouts. Athletic trainers can help by educating stakeholders, including officials, about the importance of concussion safety. When officials believe that other stakeholders support concussion safety, they are more likely to call injury timeouts if they suspect a concussion has occurred.

scholarly journals Radiation effects on atherosclerosis in atomic bomb survivors: a cross‐sectional study using structural equation modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Tomoki Nakamizo ◽  
John Cologne ◽  
Kismet Cordova ◽  
Michiko Yamada ◽  
Tetsuya Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atomic Bomb Survivors

AbstractPast reports indicated that total-body irradiation at low to moderate doses could be responsible for cardiovascular disease risks, but the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between radiation exposure and atherosclerosis, an underlying pathology of cardiovascular diseases, in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. We performed a cross-sectional study measuring 14 clinical-physiological atherosclerosis indicators during clinical exams from 2010 to 2014 in 3274 participants of the Adult Health Study cohort. Multivariable analyses were performed by using a structural equation model with latent factors representing underlying atherosclerotic pathologies: (1) arterial stiffness, (2) calcification, and (3) plaque　as measured with indicators chosen a priori on the basis of clinical-physiological knowledge. Radiation was linearly associated with calcification (standardized coefficient per Gy 0.15, 95 % confidence interval: CI [0.070, 0.23]) and plaque (0.11, 95 % CI [0.029, 0.20]), small associations that were comparable to about 2 years of aging per Gy of radiation exposure, but not with arterial stiffness (0.036, 95 % CI [− 0.025, 0.095]). The model fitted better and had narrower confidence intervals than separate ordinary regression models explaining individual indicators independently. The associations were less evident when the dose range was restricted to a maximum of 2 or 1 Gy. By combining individual clinical-physiological indicators that are correlated because of common, underlying atherosclerotic pathologies, we found a small, but significant association of radiation with atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Influence of Childhood Family Routines on Adult Depression: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Yan ◽  
Junyi Zhang ◽  
Shenghong Dong
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Family Routines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Adult Depression ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tolerance Of Uncertainty

In order to explore the influence of childhood family routines on adult depression and the mediating role of tolerance of uncertainty and rumination, the current study tested 818 participants by adopting four questionnaires. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that (1) family routines had a negative effect on depression among Chinese college students; (2) family routines were found to have a positive effect on tolerance of uncertainty, and tolerance of uncertainty was a bridge linking family routines and depression; (3) family routines had a significant effect on depression through rumination; (4) the relationship between family routines and depression was partially mediated by the chain of tolerance of uncertainty and rumination. The result reveals not only the fact that childhood family routines have significant influence on college students' depression but also the mechanism of childhood family routines that affect college students' depression. The limitations and implications of our study were also discussed.

Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention among commerce students in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadur Ali Soomro ◽  
Naimatullah Shah
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Need For Achievement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Commerce Students

PurposeThe present study undertook an empirical investigation of entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention among Pakistan's commerce students.Design/methodology/approachThe authors applied quantitative methods based on cross-sectional data. The commerce students of the different public sector universities are targeted through a random sampling technique. The authors used a survey questionnaire to attain the responses from respondents. Finally, 184 usable cases are utilized to assume the hypothesized paths.FindingsBy applying the structural equation modeling (SEM), the findings of the study demonstrate a significant positive effect of constructs of entrepreneurship education (EE), that is, opportunity recognition (OR) and entrepreneurship knowledge acquisition (EKA) on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), entrepreneurial intention (EI) and need for achievement (NFA). Besides, ESE and NFA are found to be the robust predictors of EI.Practical implicationsThe findings provide significant guidelines to policy-makers and university authorities for developing useful EE courses to uplift and boost students' skills to face today's considerable business and entrepreneurship challenges. The study also helps to generate eagerness among students in selecting entrepreneurship as a career option.Originality/valueThis study suggests the confirmation of EE's significant role in developing ESE, NFA and EI among commerce students.

scholarly journals Reporting Skill: The Missing Ingredient in Concussion Reporting Intention Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Warmath ◽  
Andrew P. Winterstein
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Concussion Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reporting Intentions

Background: Extant literature suggests that a substantial portion of athletes may not report a possible concussion and that concussion knowledge is insufficient to predict concussion reporting behavior. One area that has not been explored is reporting skill; that is, mastery of the actions required to report a concussion. This study evaluated the relationship between reporting skill and reporting intention, introducing a measure of the reporting skill construct. Hypotheses: Reporting intentions will be more closely associated with reporting skill than with concussion/symptom knowledge. The relationship between concussion (or symptom) knowledge and reporting intentions will differ by level of reporting skill. Study Design: Repeated cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A set of items was administered to young adults aged 18 to 24 years from the Survey Sampling International panel. Exploratory/confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on 2 waves of data to develop the scale (n = 899). Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling on the responses from the third wave of participants (n = 406). Results: Knowing the actions to take in reporting was more important than having knowledge of concussions or concussion symptoms. Reporting skill, not concussion or concussion symptom knowledge, was associated with higher intentions to report symptoms. Among those with higher levels of reporting skill, concussion symptom knowledge (but not general concussion knowledge) was associated with higher intentions to report symptoms. Conclusion: Reporting skill is an important and, until now, missing ingredient in the concussion literature and practice. Clinical Relevance: Incorporating reporting skill development in concussion education and team activities to teach athletes how to report is likely to improve actual reporting intentions. While further study is needed with particular sports and additional age groups, reporting skill holds promise as a new avenue for increased concussion reporting.

scholarly journals Attitudinal and normative responses to advertising stimuli and vaping intentions

2020 ◽  
pp. 147078532092920
Author(s):  
Abraham Brown ◽  
Seamus Allison
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Cigarette Advertising ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling

Empirical data to show whether exposure to e-cigarette advertising stimuli may influence former- and never-smokers to consider vaping is lacking. We examined whether former- and never-smokers’ cognitive, affective, and normative responses to e-cigarette stimuli in retail outlets will predict their vaping intention. A repeat cross-sectional study recruited 876 participants aged 18–24 years at Waves 1 and 2 in the United Kingdom. Bayesian structural equation modeling tested mediation and moderation effects of the variables of interest. Results from Waves 1 and 2 revealed that the association of salience of e-cigarette advertising in stores and gas stations with vaping intention was mediated by affect and subjective norms among former smokers. Cognitive attitudes of never smokers mediated the relationship between salience of e-cigarette advertising in retail outlets and vaping intention at Waves 1 and 2. Former smokers were more likely to hold stronger affect toward vaping than never smokers at Wave 2. Our study supports the need for stronger policies to restrict e-cigarette portrayals in retail outlets, as advertising messages can trigger strong thoughts, feelings, and norms of vaping. Interventions may benefit from including attitudinal and normative components to promote pro-social behavior.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationships between Work-Related Affective Feelings Expressed by Workers in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9470
Author(s):  
Erman Çakıt ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Tadeusz Marek ◽  
Magdalena Jaworek ◽  
Grzegorz Wrobel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Effectiveness ◽  
Main Components

Understanding employees’ feelings at work plays a significant role in developing practical and effective organizational and human resource management policies and practices. Furthermore, work-related emotions may have a considerable effect on workers’ health and wellbeing and affect work effectiveness and work performance. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationships among four work-related (WOR) affective feelings (WORAF) and to validate the WORAF questionnaire in a Turkish sample. A survey was performed including four constructs: (1) WOR feelings of happiness, (2) WOR feelings of anxiety, (3) WOR feelings of anger, and (4) WOR feelings of dejection. A total of 322 workers from various companies in Turkey completed a paper-based survey. A research model was developed, and its main components were estimated with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that dejection and anger at work play a critical role in experienced anxiety in occupational settings. Similarly, dejection, anger, and anxiety at work play a crucial role in perceived happiness at work.

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