Ecological, Social and Other Environmental Determinants of Dengue Vector Abundance in Urban and Rural Areas of Northeastern Thailand

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue globally. The variables that influence the abundance of dengue vectors are numerous and complex. This has generated a need to focus on areas at risk of disease transmission, the spatial-temporal distribution of vectors, and the factors that modulate vector abundance. To help guide and improve vector-control efforts, this study identified the ecological, social, and other environmental risk factors that affect the abundance of adult female and immature Ae. aegypti in households in urban and rural areas of northeastern Thailand. A one-year entomological study was conducted in four villages of northeastern Thailand between January and December, 2019. Socio-demographic; self-reported prior dengue infections; housing conditions; durable asset ownership; water management; characteristics of water containers; knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding climate change and dengue; and climate data were collected. Household crowding index (HCI), premise condition index (PCI), socio-economic status (SES), and entomological indices (HI, CI, BI, and PI) were calculated. Negative binomial generalized linear models (GLMs) were fitted to identify the risk factors associated with the abundance of adult females and immature Ae. aegypti. Urban sites had higher entomological indices and numbers of adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes than rural sites. Overall, participants’ KAP about climate change and dengue were low in both settings. The fitted GLM showed that a higher abundance of adult female Ae. aegypti was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with many factors, such as a low education level of household respondents, crowded households, poor premise conditions, surrounding house density, bathrooms located indoors, unscreened windows, high numbers of wet containers, a lack of adult control, prior dengue infections, poor climate change adaptation, dengue, and vector-related practices. Many of the above were also significantly associated with a high abundance of immature mosquito stages. The GLM model also showed that maximum and mean temperature with four-and one-to-two weeks of lag were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the abundance of adult and immature mosquitoes, respectively, in northeastern Thailand. The low KAP regarding climate change and dengue highlights the engagement needs for vector-borne disease prevention in this region. The identified risk factors are important for the critical first step toward developing routine Aedes surveillance and reliable early warning systems for effective dengue and other mosquito-borne disease prevention and control strategies at the household and community levels in this region and similar settings elsewhere.

Download Full-text

The Prevalence and Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors among the Lebanese Population: A Prospective Study Comparing Urban to Rural Populations

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2017/3530902 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Iqbal Fahs ◽

Zainab Khalife ◽

Diana Malaeb ◽

Mohammad Iskandarani ◽

Pascale Salameh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Lebanese Population ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

A Prospective Study

Introduction. CVDs are largely driven by modifiable risk factors. This study sought to determine the awareness and prevalence of the modifiable CVDs risk factors among the Lebanese population.Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, 1000 participants aged ≥ 45 years were randomly selected from pharmacies and interviewed. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 software.Results. Differences between urban and rural areas include alcohol consumption (2.8% versus 1.7%;p=0.0001), cardioprotective vegetable servings (6.1% versus 2.3%;p=0.016), sedentary hours per day (18.6% versus 15.1%;p=0.002), and hypertension (38.5% versus 25.4%;p=0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity (77.3% versus 75.2%;p=0.468), smoking (39.3% versus 43.3%;p=0.232), diabetes (25.4% versus 21.4%;p=0.173), and dyslipidemia (25 versus 21.2%) was reported. Measurements revealed 19.3% of undiagnosed hypertension (12.4% versus 22.4%,p=0.001), 61.7% of hypertension (59.8% versus 62.6%;p=0.203), and 7.9% of undiagnosed diabetes (6.6% versus 8.6%;p=0.323). The declared awareness of CVDs risk factors was highest for smoking (91.5% versus 89.7%;p=0.339) and lowest for diabetes (54.4 versus 55.7%;p=0.692).Conclusion. This study has shown a high prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors in the Lebanese population ≥ 45 years, among which hypertension is the most prominent.

Download Full-text

Comparison of The Risk Factors For Falls Among Older Adults Between Urban and Rural Areas of Shantou City, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-72830/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodong Chen ◽

Zeting Lin ◽

Ran Gao ◽

Yijian Yang ◽

Liping Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Living Environment ◽

Balance Function ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Risk Factors For Falls

Abstract Background: To investigate the prevalence of falls and risk factors among older adults in urban and rural areas and to facilitate the design of fall prevention interventions.Methods: We used cluster random sampling to investigate the sociodemographic information, living habits, medical history, and falls among 649 older adult participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine fall risk factors in urban and rural areas.Results: The fall rate and rate of injury from falls among older adults in urban areas were 27.3% and 18.6%, respectively, which were higher than those in rural areas (17.0% and 12.2%; P<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the risk factors for falls among urban older adults included a high school or below education level (OR=3.737, 95% CI: 1.503~9.291); diabetes medicine use (OR=4.518, 95% CI: 1.228~16.626); incontinence (OR=8.792, 95% CI: 1.894~40.824); lack of fall prevention education (OR = 11.907, 95% CI: 1.321～107.354); and reduced balance function (OR = 3.901, 95% CI: 1.894~7.815). The risk factors among rural older adults included a previous nonfarming occupation (OR=2.496, 95% CI: 1.416~4.398); incontinence (OR =11.396, 95% CI: 1.901~68.327); poor living environment (OR=3.457, 95% CI: 1.488~8.033); and reduced balance function (OR =4.260, 95% CI: 2.361~7.688).Discussion: The rate of falls among older adults in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas of Shantou City. Fall prevention in urban areas should target older adults with low education and modify the diabetes medication use. Interventions should focus on improving the home environment of older adults in rural areas.

Download Full-text

A Comparison of the Prevalence and Related Risk Factors for Post-Partum Depression in Urban and Rural Areas

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.5812/ijpbs.62558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mehran Zarghami ◽

Fatemeh Abdollahi ◽

Munn-Sann Lye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Post Partum ◽

Post Partum Depression ◽

Related Risk ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Download Full-text

Comparisons of the prevalence of and risk factors for elderly depression between urban and rural populations in Japan

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610212000099 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 1235-1241 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Y. Abe ◽

N. Fujise ◽

R. Fukunaga ◽

Y. Nakagawa ◽

M. Ikeda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Support ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Financial Strain ◽

Poor Social Support ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACTBackground: The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in the prevalence of and risk factors for elderly depression between urban and rural areas in Japan and to further understanding of the features of elderly depression.Methods: A multistage, random sampling procedure and mailing method were used in urban and rural areas in Kumamoto Prefecture. A total of 2,152 participants aged 65 years and older were evaluated for depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Factors associated with depression were also examined. In order to assess the relationship between risk factors and subjective happiness, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC-MS) was used.Results: Depressive symptoms were associated with living alone, being unemployed, chronic illness, sleep disturbance, suicidal ideation, financial strain, and poor social support; the risk factors for elderly depression were almost the same in the two areas. Although three factors (financial strain, work status, and PGC-MS) were significantly associated with depression in both areas on logistic regression analysis, sleep disturbance was significant only for the urban area, and poor social support was significant only for the rural area.Conclusions: Although factors related to depression did not differ markedly between urban and rural elderly people, some risk factors differed between the two areas. Effective intervention programs for elderly depression should pay more attention to regional differences.

Download Full-text

Risk factors and features of stroke among young persons in urban and rural areas of the Tambov Region

Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice ◽

10.20310/2658-7688-2021-3-1(9)-45-52 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Ekaterina B. Zvonareva ◽

Lubov I. Grigorova

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cerebral Circulation ◽

Young Patients ◽

Clinical Hospital ◽

Regional Features ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Concomitant Factors ◽

Causes And Risk Factors

Since 2011 according to the national project “Health” the Regional Vascular Center has been operating on the basis of the Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital. This is a ward for patients with acute cerebral circulation disorder. Since 2017 there has been an increase in patients due to an increase in the number of attached population to Tambov Regional Clinical Hospital and, accordingly, unfortunately, the mortality rate from acute cerebral circulation disorder has been increasing. Between 2016 and 2020, a study was conducted based on the follow-up of young patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. In the study we emphasized the research of regional features of the structure, causes, and risk factors of stroke in persons in the city of Tambov and the districts of the Tambov Region. We verified pathogenetic subtypes of stroke among young patients. We identified and considered main and concomitant factors determining stroke outcome, degree of neurological deficiency, and disabled patients. We identified the leading causes of stroke in persons, the main of which were: arterial hypertension, cardiac pathology, atherosclerosis.

Download Full-text