scholarly journals Leaf Thermal and Chemical Properties as Natural Drivers of Plant Flammability of Native and Exotic Tree Species of the Valparaíso Region, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7191
Author(s):  
Fabián Guerrero ◽  
Carla Hernández ◽  
Mario Toledo ◽  
Lorena Espinoza ◽  
Yulian Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Heat ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Exotic Tree

Forest fires are one of the main environmental threats in Chile. Fires in this Mediterranean climate region frequently affect native forests and exotic plantations, including in several cases urban and rural settlements. Considering the scarcity of information regarding the fire response dynamics of tree species that are frequently affected by fires, this study aims to establish a flammability classification according to the evolution of the fire initiation risk presented by the most affected forest species in the Valparaíso region. Three exotic species, Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus radiata, and Acacia dealbata, and two native species, Cryptocarya alba and Quillaja saponaria, were studied. Flammability assays indicate that E. globulus, A. dealbata, and C. alba are extremely flammable, whereas P. radiata and Q. saponaria are flammable. Furthermore, E. globulus and A. dealbata have the highest heating values while Q. saponaria has the lowest values. The extreme flammability of E. globulus, A. dealbata, and C. alba indicates a high susceptibility to ignite. Furthermore, the high heat of combustion of E. globulus and A. dealbata can be associated with a high energy release, increasing the risk of fires spreading. In contrast, Q. saponaria has the lowest predisposition to ignite and capacity to release heat. Accordingly, this work shows that all studied tree species contain organic metabolites that are potentially flammable (sesquiterpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohol esters, ketones, diterpenes, and triterpenes) and can be considered as drivers of flammability in vegetation. Finally, these preliminary results will aid in the construction of more resilient landscapes in the near future.

scholarly journals Exotic urban trees conserve similar natural enemy communities to native congeners but have fewer pests

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Frank ◽  
Kristi M. Backe ◽  
Casey McDaniel ◽  
Matthew Green ◽  
Sarah Widney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Exotic Trees ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Arthropod Pest

Urban trees serve a critical conservation function by supporting arthropod and vertebrate communities but are often subject to arthropod pest infestations. Native trees are thought to support richer arthropod communities than exotic trees but may also be more susceptible to herbivorous pests. Exotic trees may be less susceptible to herbivores but provide less conservation value as a consequence. We tested the hypotheses that native species in Acer and Quercus would have more herbivorous pests than exotic congeners and different communities of arthropod natural enemies. The density of scale insects, common urban tree pests, was greatest on a native Acer and a native Quercus than exotic congeners in both years of our research (2012 and 2016) and sometimes reached damaging levels. However, differences in predator and parasitoid abundance, diversity, and communities were not consistent between native and exotic species in either genus and were generally similar. For example, in 2012 neither predator nor parasitoid abundance differed among native and exotic Acer congeners but in 2016 a native species, A. saccharum, had the least of both groups. A native, Q. phellos, had significantly more predators and parasitoids in 2012 than its native and exotic congeners but no differences in 2016. Parasitoid communities were significantly different among Acer species and Quercus species due in each case to greater abundance of a single family on one native tree species. These native and exotic tree species could help conserve arthropod natural enemies and achieve pest management goals.

scholarly journals Research Note: Effects of leaf decomposition of selected exotic and native tree species on forest soil quality

2008 ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Batistel ◽  
Victor Asio
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Leaf Decomposition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Native Tree Species

The study evaluated the effects of incorporation and subsequent decomposition of leaves of exotic tree species (Gmelina arborea, Swietenia macrophylla and Tectona grandis) and native tree species (Pterocarpus indicus, Dipterocarpus validus and Parashorea plicata) on the quality of forest soil. Forty-two pots containing an acidic and clayey forest soil and added with fresh leaves of the different tree species were setup in an open area in Mt. Pangasugan. Retrieval of the first three pots for each treatment was done after two months and the remaining three pots, five months later. Soil samples were collected from each pot and were analyzed for soil respiration rate, pH, OM, total N and available P. Findings showed that in general the exotic tree species did not change the soil pH while the native species appeared to decrease it. Regardless of tree species, leaf decomposition significantly increased available soil phosphorus. The leaves of the exotic tree species decomposed faster than those of the native tree species.

Effect of tree native species assemblages on C, N & P contents of burned soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Aguilera ◽  
Felipe Aburto ◽  
Francisco Salazar ◽  
Marcela Bustamante ◽  
Manuel Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Nothofagus Obliqua

<p>Keywords: Assemblage, Interaction, nutrients</p><p>Forest fires can cause a temporary nutrient deficiency or imbalance in the soil. Post fire forest restauration could be enhance by simulating process of vegetation succession taking advantage of beneficial interaction between species (e.g. facilitation and complementarity), which could help coping with nutrient imbalances. To determine the type of interactions and their effects on soil nutrients affected by fires and on the acquisition of nutrients by plants, a meso-cosmos experiment was established under controlled conditions, using surface soils affected by the Cayumanque megafire (Región del Biobio). Seven assemblages of three species with different nutrient acquisition strategies were established: Nothofagus obliqua (mycorrhizae), Lomatia dentata (proteiform roots) and Sophora cassioides (nodules). In a complete factorial design of two blocks (with and without complementary fertilization). The main interactions resulted in competition between N. obliqua from S. cassioides and L. dentata, while S. cassioides was not be significantly affected by the presence of L. dentate, suggesting complementarity. Fertilization did not interact with assemblages or reduce competition, but increased plant growth in all assemblages. Available soil nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) increased significantly in the presence of S. cassioides (6.88±3.10) and decreased in the presence of L. dentata (2.67±0.84). Finally, N. obliqua increased its nitrogen acquisition by 44% in the presence of L. dentata and decreased by 5% in the presence of S. cassioides. Although no significant differences were observed in P<sub>Olsen</sub>, the fraction of inorganic phosphorus was significantly lower in the presence of proteacea (122.24±20.99). In addition, enzyme analysis showed no significant differences for microbial biomass and LAP activity. However, the combination of N.O. and L.D. showed significantly high phosphatase activity (16.36±5.57).</p><p>Finally, further isotopic and enzymes work is in process to study nutrient pools in plants and soil either of L. hirsuta and N. obliqua individuals growing alone or in combination. Because native Nothofagus spec. forests have been affected by forestry fires and replaced by plantations of exotic tree species throughout Chile, knowledge on interactions among native species affecting tree nutrition is lacking. Therefore, the results of our research support the use of plant assemblages as a potentially effective restoration strategy in post-fire soils with low nutrient content.</p><p>Acknowledgement: Special thanks to National forestry institute, BayCEER and Yvonne Oelmann’s laboratory for contribute to this research and make it possible at an international scale.   </p><p> </p>

Naturalized Exotic Tree Species in Puerto Rico

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Francis ◽  
Henri A. Liogier
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Exotic Tree

Naturalized Exotic Tree Species in Puerto Rico

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Francis ◽  
Henri A. Liogier
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Exotic Tree

scholarly journals Identification and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds naturally occuring in wood of selected European and exotic tree species

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Zarzyński
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Exotic Tree

Identyfikacja i analiza ilościowa substancji o charakterze fenolowym naturalnie występujących w drewnie wybranych gatunków drzew europejskich i egzotycznych

scholarly journals Bismuth-213 for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy: From Atom to Bedside

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Stephen Ahenkorah ◽  
Irwin Cassells ◽  
Christophe M. Deroose ◽  
Thomas Cardinaels ◽  
Andrew R. Burgoyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Targeted Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Energy Photon ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Alpha Therapy

In contrast to external high energy photon or proton therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is a systemic cancer treatment allowing targeted irradiation of a primary tumor and all its metastases, resulting in less collateral damage to normal tissues. The α-emitting radionuclide bismuth-213 (213Bi) has interesting properties and can be considered as a magic bullet for TRNT. The benefits and drawbacks of targeted alpha therapy with 213Bi are discussed in this review, covering the entire chain from radionuclide production to bedside. First, the radionuclide properties and production of 225Ac and its daughter 213Bi are discussed, followed by the fundamental chemical properties of bismuth. Next, an overview of available acyclic and macrocyclic bifunctional chelators for bismuth and general considerations for designing a 213Bi-radiopharmaceutical are provided. Finally, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical studies involving 213Bi-radiopharmaceuticals, as well as the future perspectives of this promising cancer treatment option.

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