scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Cities: The Spillover Effects of Waste-Sorting Policies on Sustainable Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10975
Author(s):  
Shu Yang ◽  
Peng Cheng ◽  
Shanyong Wang ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Production Stages

The increasing amount of waste in cities poses a great challenge for sustainable development. Promoting waste sorting is one of the priorities for various levels of public authorities in the context of the rapid growth of waste generation all around China. To achieve this goal, waste-sorting policies should be precisely designed to ensure successful waste reduction at all stages. Previous studies have neglected the spillover effects of different regulatory policies, which may affect the overall goal of reducing waste by influencing different waste production stages. This paper fills this gap by comparing the spillover effects of two typical waste-sorting policies on sustainable consumption behaviours through a survey conducted in Shanghai and Beijing (control group). By combining quasi-natural experiment and questionnaire methods, this paper analyses data through a mediation test to explore the spillover effects between different regulatory policy groups and the effects of the mediation psychological factors. Results show that a penalty policy significantly decreases people’s sustainable consumption behaviours through a negative spillover effect, while a voluntary participation policy significantly increases sustainable consumption behaviours through a positive spillover effect. Results can provide implications for policymaking in waste management and other pro-environmental fields to help cities become more sustainable by shifting multiple behaviours.

scholarly journals Spillover Effects of Japan’s Quantitative and Qualitative Easing on East Asian Economies

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Ichi Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Japanese Yen ◽  
East Asian Economies ◽  
East Asian Stock Markets ◽  
Neighbour Effect

This chapter explores the spillover effects of Japan’s quantitative and qualitative easing (QQE) on East Asian economies. Under the new monetary policy regime, the Japanese yen depreciated substantially, raising concerns that it would have a regional beggar-thy-neighbour effect. It is thus important to see what effects the QQE had on neighbouring economies. Our empirical investigation of East Asian stock markets finds that they first reacted to the yen’s depreciation negatively, yet came to respond positively as the QQE progressed, implying that the QQE had a much smaller beggar-thy-neighbour effect than was originally feared. We show that the QQE benefited East Asian economies because the positive spillover effect of Japan’s stock market recovery dominated the beggar-thy-neighbour effect in the region.

Spillover Effects of Research and Development, Exports and Foreign Investment on Productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Pradeep ◽  
Mita Bhattacharya ◽  
Jong-Rong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Foreign Presence ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moment ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

The economic reforms in India since the early 1990s have aimed to improve the productivity and competitiveness of major industries. This article examines direct and indirect (spillover) effects from research and development (R&D), exporting activities and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of foreign and domestic manufacturing firms. Our empirical model employs data from over 1,000 Indian manufacturing firms between 1994 and 2008. With a balanced panel, robust estimation techniques including generalized method of moment (GMM) and system-GMM (sys-GMM) are employed for our empirical analysis. In most cases, our findings indicate that foreign presence has a significant positive spillover effect on the productivity of Indian manufacturing firms when compared to alternative spillovers from R&D and export initiatives. The spillover effects may vary due to R&D efforts and exporting activities. We also find that spillovers may vary between FDI and non-FDI firms and with the technological advances of industries.

Modelling China’s outbound tourist flow to the ‘Silk Road’: A spatial econometric approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Deng ◽  
Yukun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Tourist Flow

With the ancient Silk Road as the historical background, the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative aims to foster common development of regional economies. Regional tourism development is an essential part of the initiative. Taking 55 countries participating in the initiative as a research sample, the article investigates the determinants and spillover effect of Chinese outbound tourist flows by spatial panel models. Furthermore, we identify different spillover paths from the perspectives of geographic and cultural proximities. The results confirm that there exist significant positive spillover effects in tourist flows among countries with geographic proximity. Meanwhile, there exist significant positive spillover effects in tourist flows among countries with cultural proximity. In addition, geographic and cultural distances between China and tourist destinations have negative impacts on Chinese outbound tourist flow.

scholarly journals Can’t Hurt, Might Help: Examining the Spillover Effects From Purposefully Adopting a New Pro-Environmental Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Do So

This field experiment investigated whether purposefully adopting a new pro-environmental behavior (e.g., unplugging appliances, reusing shopping bags) led to positive spillover by altering people’s subsequent pro-environmental behaviors and political attitudes. Participants ( N = 125) recruited through community organizations were randomly assigned to either adopt a new pro-environmental behavior of their choice for three weeks, or were not invited to do so. Behavior adoption increased participants’ likelihood of contacting their senator about climate change, but had little direct spillover effect on other individual pro-environmental behaviors, their likelihood of making household-wide changes, the political importance they placed on climate-related issues, or their support for emissions-reducing policies. Behavior adoption increased sense of environmental responsibility among some participants, leading to indirect positive effects on purchasing organic/local produce and policy support. Overall, observed positive spillover effects were limited and relatively small. There was little indication that behavior adoption led to any meaningful negative spillover effects.

EXPRESS: Online Training of Salespersons: Impact, Heterogeneity, and Spillover Effects

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110484
Author(s):  
Siddharth Shekhar Singh ◽  
Ravi Sen ◽  
Sharad Borle
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Modules

Data from a field study concerning an online salesperson training program is used to investigate: (1) the overall impact of program participation on sales performance for two kinds of products, Focus and Other (the direct impact); (2) heterogeneity in the impact of program participation across salespersons; and (3) spillover effect of program participation by others in the vicinity on salesperson performance (the indirect impact). The program contains short-duration training modules accessed via an online platform. Salespersons choose whether to take any module, how many modules to take, and when to take them. Results show that while training improved sales performance, the average impact of training on Other product sales was immediate, significant, and positive, and that on Focus product sales was delayed. Further, the impact of training diminishes over time. The authors find significant heterogeneity in the impact of training across salespersons and regions. Finally, the results show a mixed spillover effect of training by peers. There is a positive spillover effect on sales of the focal salesperson with an increase in the total number of trainings taken by peer salespersons, and a negative or no spillover effect with an increase in the number of peer salespersons taking training.

scholarly journals Incentives and Unintended Consequences: Spillover Effects in Food Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-95
Author(s):  
Manuela Angelucci ◽  
Silvia Prina ◽  
Heather Royer ◽  
Anya Samek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Impacts ◽  
Negative Spillover

Little is known about how peers influence the impact of incentives. We study how peers’ actions and incentives can lead to peer spillover effects. Using a field experiment on snack choice in the school lunchroom (choice of grapes versus cookies), we randomize who receives incentives, the fraction of peers incentivized, and whether or not it can be observed that peers’ choices are incentivized. We show that, while peers’ actions of picking grapes have a positive spillover effect on children’s take-up of grapes, seeing that peers are incentivized to pick grapes has a negative spillover effect on take-up. When incentivized choices are public, incentivizing all children to pick grapes, relative to incentivizing none, has no statistically significant effect on take-up, as the negative spillover offsets the positive impacts of incentives. (JEL C93, D12, I21, J13)

scholarly journals Beaten ballots: political participation dynamics amidst police interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Toni Rodon ◽  
Marc Guinjoan
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Positive Spillover ◽  
Police Crackdown ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Empirical Approaches

Abstract What is the effect of violence on political mobilization? Taking the repression-mobilization nexus debate as a starting point, we study the effects of police interventions on political participation, focusing on the Spanish police crackdown on Catalonia's independence referendum on 1 October 2017. We analyze the effect of police actions on turnout using detailed aggregate data, as well as a survey conducted a few days after the referendum. The two empirical approaches show that police interventions had both deterrent and inverse spatial spillover effects. Although police raids had a local negative impact on turnout, they induced positive spillover effects in the surrounding areas. Our findings also indicate heterogeneity in the spatial dynamics, with police actions encouraging people to go to vote in nearby areas, but also mobilizing residents in neighboring areas to participate, especially those individuals with fewer incentives to turn out to vote.

Effects of tourism development on economic growth: An empirical study of China based on both static and dynamic spatial Durbin models

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110211
Author(s):  
Honghong Liu ◽  
Ye Xiao ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Dianting Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

This study applies the dynamic spatial Durbin model (SDM) to explore the direct and spillover effects of tourism development on economic growth from the perspective of domestic and inbound tourism. The results are compared with those from the static SDM. The results support the tourism-led-economic-growth hypothesis in China. Specifically, domestic tourism and inbound tourism play a significant role in stimulating local economic growth. However, the spatial spillover effect is limited to domestic tourism, and the spatial spillover effect of inbound tourism is not significant. Furthermore, the long-term effects are much greater than the short-term impact for both domestic and inbound tourism. Plausible explanations of these results are provided and policy implications are drawn.

scholarly journals Regional Disparity and Patients Mobility: Benefits and Spillover Effects of the Spatial Network Structure of the Health Services in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Liping Fu ◽  
Kaibo Xu ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Zhengmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Spatial Network ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Medical Resource ◽  
Medical Resources

Background: The distribution of medical resources in China is seriously imbalanced due to imbalanced economic development in the country; unbalanced distribution of medical resources makes patients try to seek better health services. Against this backdrop, this study aims to analyze the spatial network characteristics and spatial effects of China’s health economy, and then find evidence that affects patient mobility. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from the China Health Statistical Yearbooks and China Statistical Books. The gravitational value of China’s health spatial network was calculated to establish a network of gravitational relationships. The social network analysis method was used for centrality analysis and spillover effect analysis. Results: A gravity correlation matrix was constructed among provinces by calculating the gravitational value, indicating the spatial relationships of different provinces in the health economic network. Economically developed provinces, such as Shanghai and Jiangsu, are at the center of the health economic network (centrality degree = 93.333). These provinces also play a strong intermediary role in the network and have connections with other provinces. In the CONCOR analysis, 31 provinces are divided into four blocks. The spillover effect of the blocks indicates provinces with medical resource centers have beneficial effects, while provinces with insufficient resources have obvious spillover effects. Conclusion: There is a significant gap in the geographical distribution of medical resources, and the health economic spatial network structure needs to be improved. Most medical resources are concentrated in economically developed provinces, and these provinces’ positions in the health economic spatial network are becoming more centralized. By contrast, economically underdeveloped regions are at the edge of the network, causing patients to move to provinces with medical resource centers. There are health risks of the increasing pressure to seek medical treatment in developed provinces with abundant medical resources.

scholarly journals Spatial Spillover Effect and Influencing Factors of Information Flow in Urban Agglomerations—Case Study of China Based on Baidu Search Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Chengzhuo Wu ◽  
Li Zhuo ◽  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Haiyan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Search Index ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effect

Cities in an urban agglomeration closely interact with each other through various flows. Information flow, as one of the important forms of urban interactions, is now increasingly indispensable with the fast development of informatics technology. Thanks to its timely, convenient, and spatially unconstrained transmission ability, information flow has obvious spillover effects, which may strengthen urban interaction and further promote urban coordinated development. Therefore, it is crucial to quantify the spatial spillover effect and influencing factors of information flows, especially at the urban agglomeration scale. However, the academic research on this topic is insufficient. We, therefore, developed a spatial interaction model of information flow (SIM-IF) based on the Baidu Search Index and used it to analyze the spillover effects and influencing factors of information flow in the three major urban agglomerations in China, namely Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the period of 2014–2019. The results showed that the SIM-IF performed well in all three agglomerations. Quantitative analysis indicated that the BTH had the strongest spillover effect of information flow, followed by the YRD and the PRD. It was also found that the hierarchy of cities had the greatest impact on the spillover effects of information flow. This study may provide scientific basis for the information flow construction in urban agglomerations and benefit the coordinated development of cities.

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