scholarly journals Effects of Taekwondo Training on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11550
Author(s):  
Seunghui Baek ◽  
Jong-Beom Park ◽  
Sang-Hwan Choi ◽  
Jae-Don Lee ◽  
Sang-Seok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on body composition and to evaluate the magnitude of the effect. Methods: Databases were used to select studies related to the effectiveness of Taekwondo training, and the inclusion criteria were as follows. Results: Thirty-seven studies were selected. We found statistically significant differences from the control group in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass, body fat percentage, lean mass, and muscle mass. Also, the age group was statistically significant in control variables on weight, BMI, and body fat percentage. Conclusions: Taekwondo training had a positive effect on body composition, and these results suggest that Taekwondo training is an effective exercise method to lower obesity.

Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽  
Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽  
Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽  
Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Habitual Diet

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

scholarly journals Body composition and food intake in elderly women subjected to resistance training

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Aline Rodrigues BARBOSA ◽  
José Maria SANTARÉM ◽  
Wilson JACOB FILHO ◽  
Maria de Fátima Nunes MARUCCI
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

This study analyzed the effects of a 10-wk resistance training program on body composition in 11 elderly women (68.91 ± 5.43 yrs). A control group of 8 women (65.13 ± 4.09 yrs) served as inactive control. The body fat percentage (skinfold thickness and bioelectrical impedance), body-circumference measurements and sum of skinfolds were assessed before and after 10 weeks. Food intake was assessed immediately before week 0 and week 10, from 3-day diet records (energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat). After initial tests, the subjects began a training program consisting of eight exercises for the whole body. The training program only resulted in decrease in sum of skinfolds (p<=0.05). No significant changes in any variable were observed in the control group. In conclusion, the training program did not reduce body fat percentage, although it reduced sum of skinfolds.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Body Composition and Parameters of the Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Jednacz ◽  
Lidia Rutkowska-Sak
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

The study was aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk parameters, body mass index (BMI) centiles for sex and age, and body fat percentage using the electric bioimpedance method in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). 30 children with JIA participated in the study. A control group included 20 children. Patients were well matched for the age and sex. The body mass and body fat percentage were determined using the segmental body composition analyser; the BMI centiles were determined. All patients had the following parameters determined: lipid profile, hsCRP, homocysteine, and IL-6. The intima media thickness (IMT) was measured. Patients with JIA had significantly lower body weight, BMI, and the BMI centile compared to the control group. The IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with JIA compared to the control group. There were no differences between two groups with regard to the lipid profile, % content of the fat tissue, homocysteine levels, hsCRP, and IMT. Further studies are necessary to search for reasons for lower BMI and BMI centile in children with JIA and to attempt to answer the question of whether lower BMI increases the cardiovascular risk in these patients, similarly as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

scholarly journals Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training Lowers Body Fat Percentage in Rural Black South African Women

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ntshaba ◽  
Mbali Mhlongo ◽  
Henrico Erasmus ◽  
Ina Shaw ◽  
Brandon Stuwart Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Black College ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Obesity is currently one of the most dominating diseases affecting younger adults in South Africa. This is commonly caused by a poor lifestyle, which may lead to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine if a six-week concurrent resistance and aerobic training program could elicit body composition and cardiorespiratory changes in rural black college women. Methods: Forty sedentary black females (aged 18 - 25 years) were randomly assigned to a combined resistance and aerobic training (COM) group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 20). The COM group participated in four times weekly aerobic and resistance training. Aerobic training consisted of 30 minutes a session (week 1 - 3: cycling for 3 minutes at 60% heart rate reserve (HRR), followed by 2 minutes at 50% HRR; week 4 - 6: 3 minutes at 70% HRR, followed by 2 minutes at 60% HRR). Resistance training consisted of participants training at 50% of their one-repetition maximum (1-RM) for week 1 - 3, doing 3 sets of 15 repetitions; for week 4 - 6 at 60% 1-RM, doing 3 sets of 15 repetitions. Results: Following the intervention, the COM group significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased their body fat percentage when compared to the control group (P = 0.006; d = 0.9), while no significant changes were observed in waist-to-hip ratio (P = 0.223) and cardiorespiratory endurance (P = 0.260) in either group. Conclusions: Although body composition (especially waist circumference and body fat percentage) and cardiorespiratory fitness are recommended as the main targets of physical activity programs aimed at preventing CVD in college students, this study demonstrated that a six-week concurrent program improved body fat percentage, and not WHR and cardiorespiratory fitness, in sedentary rural college-aged females. Further, these findings suggest that one method of program design does not fit all populations and that exercise prescription should be targeted and not generalized.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Exercises on Body Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Taner Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Resistance Exercises

Exercise has many positive effects on the human organism. In this study, the effects of resistance exercise program, which is applied regularly for eight weeks, were investigated on body composition and some biochemical values. Twenty-four male volunteers participated in the study group. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups: control and resistance exercise groups. While the participants in the control group attended only practice lessons in the faculty, the exercise group participated in the resistance exercise program 2 days a week for eight weeks in addition to the practice lessons. Body compositions of the participants were measured before and after the program and blood samples were taken. Thus, body weight, body fat percentage, mass body fat, Body mass index (BMI), AST, ALT, GGT, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels of the participants were determined. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software. As a result of statistical analysis; there was difference only GGT value of the control group (p&lt;0.05). In the exercise group, body weight, body fat percentage, mass body fat, BMI, AST, ALT, GGT values ​​were found to be significant differences (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that resistance exercise program applied for eight weeks had significant effects on body composition and liver enzymes. However, although there are some minor changes in blood lipids, these changes are not statistically significant. It can be said that resistance exercises can be beneficial on liver enzymes and body composition but eight weeks resistance training may not be enough to change the blood lipid profile.

The effectiveness of technology-based distance weight loss interventions on body composition in health care: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Lahtio
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are major problems worldwide and they lead to an increased risk for several diseases. The use of technology in the treatment of obesity is promising, but there is considerable uncertainty regarding its efficacy in the current literature. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to study the effectiveness of technology-based distance weight loss interventions in health care on body composition in comparison to control groups that do not use technology. The aim of the meta-regression was to evaluate the factors associated with the changes in body composition outcomes in a comprehensive PICOS -framework. METHODS Studies were searched from eight databases. The inclusion criteria were developed based on the PICOS-framework (population: 18-65 years; intervention: technology-based distance weight loss interventions; comparison: control groups without technology; outcome: BMI, waist circumference or body fat percentage; study design: randomized controlled trial). Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 30 studies. The quality of the studies was moderate (7/13). A statistically significant difference was observed in BMI (MD 0.83; 95% CI 0.51 to 1.15; P < .0001), waist circumference (MD 2.45; 95% CI 1.83 to 3.07; P < .0001), and body fat percentage (MD 1.07; 95% CI 0.74 to 1.41; P < .0001) in favor of the weight loss groups using technology. According to the findings of the meta-regression, interventions with personal feedback and higher quality of the studies may have been associated with a reduction in waist circumference and lower body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS Technology-based distance weight loss interventions significantly reduced BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Future studies should focus on the comparability of the intervention content but also on the relations between the type of technology, behavioral change models, and biopsychosocial factors. CLINICALTRIAL This systematic review is registered in Prospero (CRD42016035831).

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

Body Mass and Body Composition Changes over 7 Years in a Male Professional Rugby Union Team

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clíodhna McHugh ◽  
Karen Hind ◽  
Aoife O'Halloran ◽  
Daniel Davey ◽  
Gareth Farrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dxa Scans ◽  
Composition Changes

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate longitudinal body mass and body composition changes in one professional rugby union team (n=123), (i) according to position [forwards (n=58) versus backs (n=65)], analysis of players with 6 consecutive seasons of DXA scans (n=21) and, (iii) to examine differences by playing status [academy and international], over 7 years. Players [mean age: 26.8 y, body mass index: 28.9+kg.m2] received DXA scans at fourtime points within each year. A modest (but non-significant) increase in mean total mass (0.8 kg) for professional players was reflected by increased lean mass and reduced body fat mass. At all-time points, forwards had a significantly greater total mass, lean mass and body fat percentage compared to backs (p<0.05). Academy players demonstrated increased total and lean mass and decreased body fat percentage over the first 3 years of senior rugby, although this was not significant. Senior and academy international players had greater lean mass and lower body fat percentage (p<0.05) than non-international counterparts. Despite modest increases in total mass; reflected by increased lean mass and reduced fat mass, no significant changes in body mass or body composition, irrespective of playing position were apparent over 7 years.

scholarly journals Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program and Decreased Obesity: A 10-Year Follow-up

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boštjan Jakše ◽  
Barbara Jakše ◽  
Stanislav Pinter ◽  
Jernej Pajek ◽  
Nataša Fidler Mis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Program ◽  
Composition Changes

Failure of various weight-loss programs and long-term maintenance of favorable body composition in all kinds of people is high, since the majority go back to old dietary patterns. Many studies have documented the efficacy of a plant-based diet (PBD) for body mass management, but there are opinions that maintaining a PBD is difficult. We aimed to evaluate the long-term success of a whole-food plant-based (WFPB) lifestyle program. We investigated the differences in the obesity indices and lifestyle of 151 adults (39.6 &plusmn; SD 12.5 years), who were on our program for short (0.5&ndash;&lt;2 years), medium (2&ndash;&lt;5 years), or long term (5&ndash;10 years). Body-composition changes were favourable for all three groups, both genders and all participants. There were no differences in relative body-composition changes (BMI, body fat percentage and muscle mass index (MMI)) between the three groups. All participants improved their BMI (baseline mean pre-obesity BMI range (kg/m2): 26.4 &plusmn; 5.6 to normal 23.9 &plusmn; 3.8, p &lt; 0.001), decreased body mass (&ndash;7.1 &plusmn; 8.3 kg, p &lt; 0.001) and body fat percentage (&ndash;6.4 &plusmn; 5.6 % points, p &lt; 0.001). 85.6% (101 out of 118) of parents of underage children (&lt; 18 years), introduced WFPB lifestyle to their children. Those with the highest BMI at baseline lost the most of: a) BMI units, b) total body mass and c) body fat (a) (kg/m2) (&ndash;5.6 &plusmn; SD 2.9, &ndash;2.4 &plusmn; 1.8 and &ndash;0.9 &plusmn; 1.5), b) (kg) (&ndash;16.1 &plusmn; SD 8.8, &ndash;7.1 &plusmn; 5.4 and &ndash;2.5 &plusmn; 4.5) and c) (% points) (&ndash;9.5 &plusmn; SD 5.7, &ndash;6.6 &plusmn; 4.6 and &ndash;4.7 &plusmn; 5.3) for participants who had baseline BMI in obese, overweight and normal range, respectively; pbaseline vs. current &lt; 0.001 for all). WFPB lifestyle program provides long-term lifestyle changes for reversal of obesity and is effective transferred to the next generation.

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