scholarly journals The 2019 Conference on Health and Active Transportation: Research Needs and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11842
Author(s):  
David Berrigan ◽  
Andrew L. Dannenberg ◽  
Michelle Lee ◽  
Kelly Rodgers ◽  
Janet R. Wojcik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Transportation Research ◽  
Institutional Relationships

Active transportation (AT) is widely viewed as an important target for increasing participation in aerobic physical activity and improving health, while simultaneously addressing pollution and climate change through reductions in motor vehicular emissions. In recent years, progress in increasing AT has stalled in some countries and, furthermore, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created new AT opportunities while also exposing the barriers and health inequities related to AT for some populations. This paper describes the results of the December 2019 Conference on Health and Active Transportation (CHAT) which brought together leaders from the transportation and health disciplines. Attendees charted a course for the future around three themes: Reflecting on Innovative Practices, Building Strategic Institutional Relationships, and Identifying Research Needs and Opportunities. This paper focuses on conclusions of the Research Needs and Opportunities theme. We present a conceptual model derived from the conference sessions that considers how economic and systems analysis, evaluation of emerging technologies and policies, efforts to address inclusivity, disparities and equity along with renewed attention to messaging and communication could contribute to overcoming barriers to development and use of AT infrastructure. Specific research gaps concerning these themes are presented. We further discuss the relevance of these themes considering the pandemic. Renewed efforts at research, dissemination and implementation are needed to achieve the potential health and environmental benefits of AT and to preserve positive changes associated with the pandemic while mitigating negative ones.

scholarly journals The Simon/Tanger Outlet Mall Health Impact Assessment: Resulting in Active Transportation through Community Connectivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Susan Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Health Impact Assessment ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Community Connectivity

Background: One of the goals of the Health Impact Assessment (HIA), The Simon/Tanger Outlet Mall Health Impact Assessment was to assess potential health implications in providing opportunities for active transportation to the Simon/Tanger Outlet Mall in Berkshire Township, Delaware County, Ohio by community connectivity. Methods: This case study was conducted by using the Health Impact Assessment model and incorporated community input through survey methodologies, assessment protocols, best practices, and  peer-reviewed literature. Results: Many of the risk factors for chronic diseases can be traced on how communities have been built. Several pathways have been identified in the research linking built environments with travel patterns, physical activity levels, body mass index, and associated health outcomes. Residential density, land use mix, and neighborhood connectivity have all been consistently associated with multiple outcomes related to good health. By making neighborhoods more walkable, we not only can create converging health benefits, but environmental benefits and more equal access to jobs and opportunities. Emerging research on the presence of sidewalks, cycling infrastructure, street design, and building placement and site design have been linked to various health and health-related travel behavior outcomes.[1] Conclusions: Continuing modifications to the built environment provide opportunities, over time, to institute policies and practices that support the provision of more activity-conducive environments, which improve the community’s health. 

scholarly journals Action Learning Cohort Series: An Innovative Community-Engaged Approach for Translating Research Into Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Young ◽  
Lori Carter-Edwards ◽  
Leah Frerichs ◽  
Melissa A. Green ◽  
Kristen Hassmiller-Lich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Systems Thinking ◽  
Action Learning ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
The North ◽  
Thinking Strategies ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Cultivating strong partnerships among community and academic stakeholders expedites the translation of research findings into practice and communities by enhancing opportunities for research dissemination and implementation. However, the lack of systematic methods for community stakeholder engagement may decelerate the translational research process. The North Carolina Translational Research and Clinical Sciences Institute implemented an innovative approach to community engagement called the Action Learning Cohort (ALC) Series. The ALC Series, a workgroup extension of a professional conference, used action learning and systems thinking strategies to conceptualize and develop a product aimed at preventing, treating, and controlling hypertension in eastern North Carolina. We evaluated the acceptability and practicality of the ALC Series using survey, focus group, and interview pilot data. Action learning and systems thinking strategies led ALC stakeholders to develop and disseminate The Empathy Building Resource Guide: A Toolkit for Enhancing Patient–Provider Relationships in the Treatment, Management, and Prevention of Hypertension. Stakeholders rated the Series as satisfactory and acknowledged gains in knowledge and desire for engagement with fellow ALC stakeholders beyond the Series. The ALC Series approach is a potentially practical and acceptable model for systematically engaging community stakeholders in translating knowledge into a product that addresses health topics like hypertension.

scholarly journals A Review on the Current State of Knowledge of Growing Conditions, Agronomic Soil Health Practices and Utilities of Hemp in the United States

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Adesina ◽  
Arnab Bhowmik ◽  
Harmandeep Sharma ◽  
Abolghasem Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Wide Range

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging high-value specialty crop that can be cultivated for either fiber, seed, or cannabidiol (CBD). The demand for hemp and its products has been consistently on the rise in the 21st century. The United States of America (USA) has reintroduced hemp and legalized its production as an agricultural commodity through the 2018 Federal Farm Bill. Although there is a renewed interest in the adoption of hemp due to the emerging market, its production in the United States (US) remains limited partly because of unclear agronomic guidance and fertilization recommendations. This review article provides information on the current agronomic management practices that are available in the literature and identifies the future research needs for cultivating this multipurpose crop to address the growing market demands. Hemp production could be beneficial if managed properly. Hemp fertilizer requirements vary in accordance with the type of hemp grown (seed, fiber, or CBD), soil, environmental conditions and requires a wide range of macro- and micronutrients. Integrating management practices in hemp cultivation intended to build soil health is promising since the hemp cropping system is suitable for crop rotation, cover cropping, and livestock integration through animal waste applications. Hemp also has significant environmental benefits since it has the potential to remediate contaminated soils through phytoremediation, convert high amounts of atmospheric CO2 to biomass through bio-sequestration, and hemp biomass for bioenergy production. This review identifies that most of the agronomic research in the past has been limited to hemp fiber and, to some extent, hemp seed but not CBD hemp. With the increase in the global markets for hemp products, more research needs to be conducted to provide agronomic guidelines for sustainable hemp production.

scholarly journals Impacts of insect consumption on human health

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
V.J. Stull
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Potential Health

Edible insects represent an understudied food resource that may promote human health. They characteristically contain ample protein, healthy fatty acids, minerals, and vitamins, and have been touted for their environmental benefits given their efficient resource use. While numerous in vitro, animal, and nutrient quantification studies have elucidated a framework of potential health impacts of entomophagy, few have measured direct health outcomes. This review investigates and summarises existing evidence on health impacts derived exclusively from human interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases: SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed. Out of 1,691 initial results, only nine studies met the inclusion criteria. In these limited studies, insects were shown to have potential to: (1) promote growth and influence iron status when added to complementary foods; (2) modulate gut microbiota with some prebiotic effects; and (3) provide amino acids similar to soya protein. One study also provided isolated evidence that an insect-herb mixture could possibly reduce symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease when added to routine treatment. Importantly, results reveal a significant lack of human subjects research directly measuring health outcomes from insect consumption. Findings from the included studies indicate that insects are generally safe and offer both beneficial and neutral outcomes compared to other foods. These discoveries, in tandem with extensive evidence from non-human studies, support claims that insect consumption could further enhance health by addressing micronutrient deficiencies or promoting gut health. There are also other plausible health promoting properties of insects that could help ameliorate complications with hypertension and other non-communicable disease. More rigorous and better controlled human intervention trials are fundamental to confirm health benefits and better assess risks associated with entomophagy, while also addressing unanswered questions regarding nutrient bioavailability, the fate of dietary chitin, and in vivo activity of bioactive peptides.

Evidence Gaps and Research Needs in Current Guidance on Feeding Children from Birth to 24 Months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ann Atkinson ◽  
Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
New Research ◽  
Infants And Young Children

A U.S. National Academies report summarized recommendations on what and how to feed infants and young children in high-income countries from 43 eligible guideline documents. Consistency existed across many recommendations, but some differences occurred in topic areas, age groupings and methodological approaches. Future development of guidelines on feeding of infants and young children requires new research and a rigorous evidence-based review process that is harmonized within and across countries and incorporates dissemination and implementation guidance. Novelty: • New research and rigorous methods are recommended to develop future harmonized guidance on feeding of infants and young children that incorporates dissemination and implementation methods.

Water Recycling – Research Needs

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480
Author(s):  
A L Downing ◽  
G E Eden
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Applications

The very wide spectrum of potential applications for re-used water is reflected in a need for research in many diverse areas. The most critical area is re-use for potable supplies, and here the identification of potential health effects is paramount. Other areas of application and their research needs are also considered.

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