scholarly journals Institutional Determinants of Informal Payments for Health Services: An Exploratory Analysis across 117 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12421
Author(s):  
Cristian Incaltarau ◽  
Adrian V. Horodnic ◽  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Liviu Oprea
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Informal Payments ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
The World ◽  
Healthcare Accessibility ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions

Healthcare accessibility and equity remain important issues, as corruption in the form of informal payments is still prevalent in many countries across the world. This study employs a panel data analysis over the 2006–2013 period to explore the role of different institutional factors in explaining the prevalence of informal payments. Covering 117 countries, our findings confirm the significant role of both formal and informal institutions. Good governance, a higher trust among individuals, and a higher commitment to tackling corruption are associated with diminishing informal payments. In addition, higher shares of private finance, such as out-of-pocket and domestic private health expenditure, are also correlated with a lower prevalence of informal payments. In policy terms, this displays how correcting institutional imperfections may be among the most efficient ways to tackle informal payments in healthcare.

scholarly journals KONSEP ORWELISASI DAN PARKINSONISASI DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PUBLIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Bureaucracy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the importance of the role of the right government system within a country. One of the determinants of the good governance system is based on the accuracy in the selection of government bureaucracy system. Therefore, to provide a more detailed understanding, this article will discuss about the bureaucratic system. This review will examine two bureaucratic systems currently dominantly applied by most countries in the world, namely Orwell Bureaucracy (Orwellization) and Parkinson's Bureaucracy (Parkinsonization). This article is divided into four studies, first on the backgrounds of Orwell and Parkinson, the two studies on the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization framework, the three analyzing the application of both concepts within a country, and the fourth is criticism given by experts to the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization. In this study it is found that the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization is still relevant in studying the problems of bureaucratic systems in some countries, the concept of Orwellisasi can create a strong state but weaken the issue of Human Rights (HAM), while the concept of Parkinsonization contributed considerably in the development effort but weaken the system of recruitment of public officials. However, there are some experts who give criticism to the concept of  ureaucracy Orwellisasi and Parkinsonisasi this, this is not apart from weakness owned by each bureaucracy concept. Keywords: bureaucracy, Orwellisasi, dan Parkinsonisasi 

scholarly journals Sistem Hirarki Kelembagaan Badan Pengelola Zakat di Indonesia (Tinjauan Terhadap Pelaksanaan Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2011)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mufidah Mufidah
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Management Organization ◽  
The Government

Abstract: Government support for the existence and role of zakat management organization indicated by the issuance of legislation on the management of zakat that Act No. 38 of 1999 and the decision of the Minister of Religion No. 581 of 1999 on the implementation of Act No. 38 of 1999 which was amended by Act No. 23 of 2011 concerning the management of zakat. Many  factors of causing non-optimal zakat as legislation, mostly related to the system and institutional factors. In this case, should the government as well as amil zakat organization has a strategic role to establish an institutional system of zakat and charity empowerment and support the establishment of the implementation of the charity as a binding regulation. This can occur if the control system of zakat management organization operating effectively, as well as the existence of legislation on the management of zakat either No. 38 of 1999 and No. 23 of 2011. In other words, the optimization of the implementation of zakat is affected by the system and the effective management of zakat management in addition to firmness of government in enforcing the implementation of zakat either written in the legislation and are implementable in order to achieve good governance zakat (alms good governance).   Abstrak: Dukungan pemerintah terhadap keberadaan dan peran organisasi pengelola zakat ditunjukkan dengan dikeluarkannya peraturan perundang-undangan tentang pengelolaan zakat yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 dan keputusan Menteri Agama No. 581 Tahun 1999 tentang Pelaksanaan undang-undang Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 yang kemudian diperbaharui dengan Undang-undang Nomor 23 tahun 2011 Tentang pengelolaan zakat. Beberapa faktor penyebab belum optimalnya zakat sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan, sebagian besar terkait dengan faktor sistem dan kelembagaan. Dalam hal ini, seharusnya pemerintah serta organisasi pengelola zakat sebagai amil memiliki peran yang sangat strategis untuk membangun sistem kelembagaan zakat serta pemberdayaan zakat dan mendukung tegaknya pelaksanaan zakat sebagai peraturan yang mengikat. Hal ini dapat terjadi jika sistem pengendalian organisasi pengelolaan zakat berjalan dengan efektif, begitu juga keberadaan Undang-undang tentang pengelolaan zakat baik Nomor 38 Tahun 1999 maupun Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 . Dengan kata lain optimalisasi pelaksanaan zakat dipengaruhi oleh sistem dan manajemen pengelolaan zakat yang efektif disamping ketegasan pemerintah dalam menegakkan pelaksanaan zakat baik yang ditulis dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maupun secara implementatif demi terwujudnya tata kelola zakat yang baik (good zakat governance).   DOI: 10.15408/jch.v4i2.3673

scholarly journals Islam, Corruption, Good Governance, and Civil Society: The Indonesian Experience

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
ICR Admin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Muslim Country ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation

Corruption is no doubt one of the most serious problems faced by many countries, including Muslim countries such as Indonesia. Sometimes it might seem that the teachings of Islam - a religion which prohibits corruption - alone do not work to prevent Muslims from conducting such harmful acts. The author of this article therefore looks at other factors that influence Muslims in their daily lives and reviews the status of governance. In his view, one way to address the problem of corruption would be the fostering of good governance. However, at the same time Muslims would need a vibrant and dynamic civil society that can play a crucial role in the creation and empowerment of good governance. In Indonesia, a majority Muslim country - in fact the largest Muslim country in the world - a large number of Islam-based civil societies exist. The author discusses the role of Islamic teachings against corruption, and the recent experiences of Indonesia in combating this vice, particularly the role of an Islamic civil society sphere.

scholarly journals АДМІНІСТРАТИВНА РЕФОРМА ЯК ОСНОВА МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(39)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Аль-Атті Ірина
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the approaches to reforming the public administration system. Three types of reforms have been implemented in the world: first, economization is to increase the efficiency of administration while saving money; the second area of reform was the decentralization of public administration, which was clearly reflected in the growing role of local governments in European countries; The third area of reform was to increase the openness of public administration to the public, which should have helped to increase the legitimacy of the administration in the new environment. The author analyzed the following modern models of public administration: new state management; neo-institutionalism; "Governance" (or "good governance").

scholarly journals The Role of Islamic Law in Convergence to Western Corporate Governance Features in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Dr. Imtiaz Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis

This article examines the role of Islamic Law in convergence to western corporate governance features in Pakistan. The recent financial crisis in the world highlighted the importance of good corporate governance features. This phenomenon highlighted the possibility of adopting an alternative to conventional financial system in Pakistan. Islamic finance has shown its presence in the wake of financial crisis in the world. Therefore, this articles analyses, in comparative perspective, the Islamic financial system viz a viz conventional financial system. It further analyses the possibility of convergence of corporate governance mechanism, which is key for good governance in any financial system, in Pakistan. It concludes that Islamic Financial System may be adopted as alternative financial system as well as corporate governance mechanism may be converged to western corporate governance features in Pakistan. However, while doing so Islamic norms may act as a litmus test which may not be as problematic as it appears at first sight.

scholarly journals The world trade organisation and Human Rights: The role of principles of Good Governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Jeroen Denkers ◽  
Nicola Jägers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The present article attempts to determine the role of principles of good governance in the discussion regarding the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and its human rights accountability. It shows that the WTO as an organisation cannot be compared to other international organisations that are more autonomous such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the World Bank. This does not mean, however, that the WTO has no autonomous powers at all. This contribution attempts to make clear what these activities are and how they may affect the protection of human rights. The implementation of good governance principles in international organisations can be considered a sine qua non for the realisation of human rights. Therefore, it will be examined what role the principles of good governance plays within the WTO. More specifically, the focus will be on how the good governance principles of transparency and participation can contribute to sensitising the organisation for human rights considerations.

scholarly journals The Role of Good Waqf Governance in Achieving Sustainable Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saripah Abdul Latif ◽  
Nik Muniyati Nik Din ◽  
Zaiton Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The World

Good management of charity foundations in Islam, specifically waqf, plays a significant role in achieving sustainable development. However, a substantial proportion of total waqf is still lying dormant across the world. The aim of the study is to obtain a better understanding of the problems related to waqf governance. An exploratory research design which uses depth interview is carried out on the authority which is responsible for the implementation of waqf governance in Kelantan, a state in Malaysia. The findings showed that legislation and inefficient management are among the possible impeding factors for good governance of waqf.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF GOVERNMENT: TNI AND POLRI ROLES THROUGH GOOD GOVERNANCE CONCEPT IN COUNTERING RADICALISM ISSUES IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Tri Adianto ◽  
Tihas Citra Buwana ◽  
Marcellinus Dicky Pradhana ◽  
Aris Sarjito
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
National Police

<p>Radicalism has become a real threat faced by all countries in the world, including Indonesia. This condition occurs because radicalism is the origin ideology of terrorism which has been confirmed as an extraordinary crime for the world. So, the Indonesian government needs to pay special attention to counter the radicalism issue which is now growing rapidly in Indonesia. This article was written to analyze the Government, the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), and the Indonesian National Police (Polri) roles in countering radicalism issues in Indonesia through good governance concept. This article is written based on the result of phenomenology research used literature study approach of various literature that is relevant to the research topic. Based on the study, the results show that the countering process of radicalism issues conducted by the government of the Republic of Indonesia has not been well managed, because there is no strong legal basis concerning radicalism in Indonesia. Additionally, the weak synergy between the TNI and the Polri, which is tasked to countering radicalism issues, is also become an obstacle for eradicate radicalism issues in Indonesia. Therefore, optimizing the role of the Government, TNI, and Polri are needed by prevention, mapping, detention, and contra radicalism actions. On the other hand, those three parties must strengthen their synergy and cooperative in performed their roles in maintaining public security and national security from the dangers of radicalism.</p>

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