scholarly journals Nutritional and Other Trace Elements and Their Associations in Raw King Bolete Mushrooms, Boletus edulis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Jerzy Falandysz
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Unpolluted Area ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Legacy Pollution ◽  
Collection Sites ◽  
Cultivated Mushrooms ◽  
Composite Samples

The occurrence and associations of Ag, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cs, Hg, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl, U, V, W, and Zn, including data that have not been previously reported on Be, Hf, In, Li, Mo, Nb, Sn, Ta, Th, Ti and Zr, and the sum of (14) rare earth elements (ƩREE), were studied in a spatially diverse collection of the B. edulis caps, stipes, and whole fruiting bodies using a validated procedure with measurement by quadrupole ICP-MS. Toxic Cd and Pb were in B. edulis at concentrations below limits set by the European Union in regulations for raw cultivated mushrooms, while Ag, As, Hg, Sb, Tl, and U, which are not regulated, were at relatively low or typical levels as is usually found in mushrooms from an unpolluted area. The elements Be, Bi, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Nb, Ta, Th, and W, and also ƩREEs, were found at relatively low concentrations in B. edulis, i.e., with levels from below 0.1 to below 0.01 mg kg−1 dw, and for Ʃ14 REEs, the median was 0.31 mg kg−1 dw. The composite samples of caps showed Ag, Cd, Cu, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hg, Mo, Ni, Rb, Sb, Ti, and Zn at higher concentrations than stipes, while Ba, Co, Hf, Sr, Tl, and Zr were found at higher concentrations in stipes than caps (p < 0.05). Mushrooms were characterized by a low coefficient of variation (CV) of below 20%, between sites for concentrations of As, Cu, Ge, Hg, Ni, V, and Zn, while substantial differences (CV > 100%) were found for Ba, Bi, Co, Hf, Zr, and ƩREEs, and an intermediate variation was found for Sr, W, and U. Principal component analysis performed on mushrooms allowed differentiation with respect to 13 collection sites and separation of a consignment that was specifically contaminated, possibly due to a legacy pollution, with significantly higher levels of Ba, Co, Ga, Li, Nb, Ni, Sr, Th, Ti, Y, Zr, and ƩREEs, and another due to possible recent pollution (Pb-gasoline and also Ni); two due to geological contamination because of the Bi, In, Sc, Sb, Sn, Ta, V and W; and one more, the Sudety Mts. site, which was considered as “geogenic/anthropogenic” due to Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cs, Ni, Pb, Rb, Tl, and U.

Fingerprint of PGI Mantova Cucumis melo by ICP-MS and Chemometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Antonio F. Mottese ◽  
Maria R. Fede ◽  
Francesco Caridi ◽  
Giuseppe Sabatino ◽  
Giuseppe Marcianò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Trace Element Contents ◽  
Safe Food

Background and Objectives: In this work, yellow and green varieties of Cucumis melo fruits belonging to different cultivars were studied. In detail, three Sicilian cultivars of winter melons tutelated by TAP (Traditional agro-alimentary products) labels were considered, whereas asun protected the Calabrian winter melon was studied too. With the aim to compare the selective uptakes of inorganic elements among winter and summer fruits, the “PGI Melone Mantovano” was investigated. The purpose of this work was to apply the obtained results i) to guarantee the quality and healthiness of fruits, ii) to producers defend, iii) to help the customers in safe food purchase. Method: All samples were analyzed by ICP-MS and the obtained results, subsequently, were subjected to Cluster analysis (CA), Principal component analysis (PCA) and Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Results: CA results were generally in agreement with samples origin, whereas the PCA elaboration has confirmed the presence of a strong relation between fruit origins and trace element contents. In particular, two principal components justified the 57.32% of the total variance (PC1= 40.95%, PC2= 16.37%). Finally, the CDA approach has provided several functions with high discrimination power, confirmed by the correct classification of all samples (100%). Conclusions: CA, PCA and CDA could represent an integrated to label to discriminate the origin of agri-food products and, thus, protect and guarantee their healthiness.

scholarly journals Accurate dating of stalagmites from low seasonal contrast tropical Pacific climate using Sr 2D maps, fabrics and annual hydrological cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Faraji ◽  
Andrea Borsato ◽  
Silvia Frisia ◽  
John C. Hellstrom ◽  
Andrew Lorrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Optical Maps ◽  
Hydrological Cycles ◽  
Climate Proxies ◽  
Dimensional Mapping

AbstractTropical Pacific stalagmites are commonly affected by dating uncertainties because of their low U concentration and/or elevated initial 230Th content. This poses problems in establishing reliable trends and periodicities for droughts and pluvial episodes in a region vulnerable to climate change. Here we constrain the chronology of a Cook Islands stalagmite using synchrotron µXRF two-dimensional mapping of Sr concentrations coupled with growth laminae optical imaging constrained by in situ monitoring. Unidimensional LA-ICP-MS-generated Mg, Sr, Ba and Na variability series were anchored to the 2D Sr and optical maps. The annual hydrological significance of Mg, Sr, Ba and Na was tested by principal component analysis, which revealed that Mg and Na are related to dry-season, wind-transported marine aerosols, similar to the host-rock derived Sr and Ba signatures. Trace element annual banding was then used to generate a calendar-year master chronology with a dating uncertainty maximum of ± 15 years over 336 years. Our approach demonstrates that accurate chronologies and coupled hydroclimate proxies can be obtained from speleothems formed in tropical settings where low seasonality and problematic U–Th dating would discourage the use of high-resolution climate proxies datasets.

scholarly journals Selenium speciation and biological characteristics of selenium-rich Bailing mushroom, Pleurotus tuoliensis

2018 ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Yajie Zou, Fang Du, Haijun Zhang, Qingxiu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Selenium Speciation ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Mycelia Growth

Nowadays the study of selenium-rich mushrooms is very popular. In the present study, selenium speciation in fruiting body of Pleurotus tuoliensis was investigated in cultivation substrates with different concentrations of sodium selenite, as well as mycelia growth and mushroom development. The results showed that the P. tuoliensis mycelia appeared good tolerance to selenium at all test concentrations. A selenium concentration of 10 mg/kg promoted fruiting of P. tuoliensis; the fruiting bodies were of good quality and had a low malformation rate. HPLC–ICP-MS determined that organic seleniums enriched in stipes and caps existed mainly in the form of selenoCystine and selenoMethionine at selenium concentrations of 10-100 mg/kg. These findings suggest that P. tuoliensis could be developed as a selenium-rich mushroom product for use as a novel dietary source of bioavailable supplemental selenium.

scholarly journals E-Government in European Countries, a Comparative Approach Using the Principal Components Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Armenia Androniceanu ◽  
Irina Georgescu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The digitalization of public administration is a necessary condition for the economic and social development of each country. In this context, e-government is developing and diversifying its forms of implementation, contributing significantly to the efficiency of public administration, to increasing the degree of transparency and to reducing corruption in public institutions. The aim of the research was to know how the states of the European Union evolved from the point of view of e-government and what influence it had on the economic development of the analyzed states and on the European citizens during the analyzed period. For this we selected ten research variables from several databases: Eurostat, the World Bank and the United Nations E-Government Development Database (UNeGovDD) of the United Nations. The period for which we did the analysis is 2010 – 2019. Using EViews 12 we applied panel Principal Component Analysis to reduce the 10-variable panel into a lower dimension of 3 principal components to find the underlying simplified structure. The three principal components retained explain about 76.5 % of the initial information. The research results show significant differences between the states analyzed, in terms of e-government, but also in terms of the impact it has on government effectiveness, controlling corruption, e-participation of European citizens and the economic development of Member States. In countries with a high level of e-government implementation, governance is efficient, corruption is low, citizen involvement is higher and economic development is faster.

scholarly journals Physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of a representative group of soils from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Santos de Souza ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Anderson Martins de Souza Braz ◽  
Fábio Júnior de Oliveira ◽  
Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sodium Dithionite ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Al Oxide

Abstract. Amazonian soils are heterogeneous. However, few studies have been carried out in the Amazon, mainly because of its considerable size, which complicates the collection of data and the ability to plan for the sustainable use of natural resources. In this study, the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of soils in the state of Pará, Brazil, were characterized by examining particle size, fertility, silicon (Si) extracted by sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) extracted by sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate and ammonium oxalate + oxalic acid. Descriptive analysis, multivariate principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out. The soils had low concentrations of bioavailable P, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ and high concentrations of Al3+ and Si and Al oxide contents were higher in Cambisols. Contents of Fe and Mn oxides were higher in both Cambisols and Nitosols, which are rich in oxidic minerals. Multivariate analysis indicated an association between the content of organic carbon and the pH, P, Ca, Mg and K contents. An additional association was observed between clay, potential acidity and the Fe and Al oxide contents.

An optimized protocol for high precision measurement of Hg isotopic compositions in samples with low concentrations of Hg using MC-ICP-MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1932-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Geng ◽  
Runsheng Yin ◽  
Xiangdong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Precision Measurement ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
High Precision Measurement ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Optimized Protocol ◽  
Icp Ms

Optimized gas flows achieved the direct determination of Hg isotopic compositions of 0.1 ng mL−1 solutions.

scholarly journals Glucosinolate Content in Brassica Genetic Resources and Their Distribution Pattern within and between Inner, Middle, and Outer Leaves

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Ju-Hee Rhee ◽  
Susanna Choi ◽  
Jae-Eun Lee ◽  
On-Sook Hur ◽  
Na-Young Ro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Entire Dataset

Glucosinolates (GSLs) are sulfur-containing secondary metabolites naturally occurring in Brassica species. The purpose of this study was to identify the GSLs, determine their content, and study their accumulation patterns within and between leaves of kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L.) cultivars. GSLs were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS in negative electron-spray ionization (ESI−) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The total GSL content determined in this study ranged from 621.15 to 42434.21 μmolkg−1 DW. Aliphatic GSLs predominated, representing from 4.44% to 96.20% of the total GSL content among the entire samples. Glucobrassicanapin (GBN) contributed the greatest proportion while other GSLs such as glucoerucin (ERU) and glucotropaeolin (TRO) were found in relatively low concentrations. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded three principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues ≥ 1, altogether representing 74.83% of the total variation across the entire dataset. Three kimchi cabbage (S/No. 20, 4, and 2), one leaf mustard (S/No. 26), and one turnip (S/No. 8) genetic resources were well distinguished from other samples. The GSL content varied significantly among the different positions (outer, middle, and inner) of the leaves and sections (top, middle, bottom, green/red, and white) within the leaves. In most of the samples, higher GSL content was observed in the proximal half and white sections and the middle layers of the leaves. GSLs are regarded as allelochemicals; hence, the data related to the patterns of GSLs within the leaf and between leaves at a different position could be useful to understand the defense mechanism of Brassica plants. The observed variability could be useful for breeders to develop Brassica cultivars with high GSL content or specific profiles of GSLs.

scholarly journals Influence of Pasteurization on Total Phenols Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Prunus persica L. Juices

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile LASLO ◽  
Alin C. TEUSDEA ◽  
Sonia A. SOCACI ◽  
Daniel MIERLITA ◽  
Simona I. VICAS
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Important Place

Peach and nectarine (Prunus persica ) production has an important place in the world, being the most important fruit after apple crops in the European Union. Because the fruits are perishable, it is desirable to valorize them as juice. Seven peaches and three nectarines cultivars grown in the N-W part of Romania were investigated for quality parameters, volatile profile, total phenols content and antioxidant capacity. The volatile composition of peach and nectarine cultivars was determined via the ITEX/GC-MS technique, the main volatile compounds belonging to alcohols and aldehydes. Another objective was to obtain the pasteurised juices from these fruits and to investigate the best time of pasteurisation in order to identify the most valuable cultivar from the perspective of total phenols content and its antioxidant capacity. For a better interpretation of results and a proper discrimination between cultivars, according to the total phenols content and antioxidant capacity, the multivariate analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied. The peach cultivars showed the highest content in total phenols compared with nectarine. From peach cultivars, the highest concentration was recorded in ‘Southland’ (47.49 ± 0.14 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW) and from nectarine cultivars in ‘Romamer’ (16.28 ± 0.83 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW). The highest antioxidant capacities were recorded in ‘Southland’ peach in the case of both methods (DPPH and FRAP). The results showed that ‘Southland’ peach and ‘Romamer’ nectarine pasteurised juices are the best from the point of view of total phenolic compounds content with high antioxidant capacity.

Atmospheric trace element deposition: Principal component analysis of ICP-MS data from moss samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torunn Berg ◽  
Oddvar Røyset ◽  
Eiliv Steinnes ◽  
Marit Vadset
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals Application of ICP-MS and various computational methods for drinking water quality assessment from the Silesian District (Southern Poland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Skorek ◽  
Magdalena Jablonska ◽  
Marzena Polowniak ◽  
Andrzej Kita ◽  
Piotr Janoska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Lorenz Curves ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AbstractIn this study, more than 200 samples of drinking water from taps in the Silesian District (southern Poland) were analyzed. Concentrations of As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Te, Tl and V were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS). The levels of the tested elements generally met European Union regulations. All analytical results were processed using computational methods, including the Pearson and Gini coefficients with the Lorenz curves, one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, the Mann-Whitney U test, the variance correlation test and the Spearman’s test. In addition, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax and Cluster Analysis with Ward’s Method were applied. It was shown, that some parameters (e.g. hardness and alkalinity) were highly correlated. The score plot described the degree of mineralization of water samples, so the origin of water could be easily determined. In turn, based on the created dendrogram, the division of samples into several groups (with soft, medium and highly mineralized water) could be deduced.

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