scholarly journals Bullying Victims in Rural Primary Schools: Prevalence, Correlates, and Consequences

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Jingjing Tang ◽  
Sarah-Eve Dill ◽  
Jiusi Xiao ◽  
Matthew Boswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Using Data

School bullying is a widely recognized problem in developed countries, but remains under-investigated in developing countries, especially in remote rural areas. In this paper, we examine the prevalence, correlates, and consequences of bullying victimization and its relation to educational performance and creative attitudes. Using data from 10,528 students across 120 primary schools in rural China, we find an alarmingly high prevalence of bullying victimization and that several individual, family, and school characteristics are correlated with bullying victimization. Analyses indicate students who are bullied frequently score lower in Chinese, reading, and math tests and creative attitudes. Taken together, the results demonstrate a need for further research and policy interventions to reduce bullying in schools.

scholarly journals Literacy Challenges in Rural China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This article discusses the obstacles encountered in the process of literacy in rural China. Although China's overall literacy rate is high, there is a huge literacy rate gap between urban and rural areas. On this basis, this article explores the factors affecting the literacy rate in rural China, and concludes that the main factors are financial status, gender differences, health challenges, and policy interventions.

scholarly journals Using Rural Planning to Promote the Integration of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries in Rural China

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Jiawen He
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Rural Planning ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Important Means

Rural planning plays an important role in rural industrial integration, but there are few researches on the planning methods of rural industrial integration in China at present. Therefore, learning from the successful experience of developed countries and combining with the current situation of rural economic and social development in China is an important means and basic idea to explore the rural planning method of guiding the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary production in rural areas in China.

scholarly journals Gansu Studio: "Plug-in" rural school unit for rural China

10.33177/6.2 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 13-44
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Education ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Sustainable Engineering ◽  
Complementary Approach

Gansú ‘Plug-in’ Studio was a community outreach project based in China developed over a course of 2 years (2014-2016). It proposed a complementary approach of education to improve quality of learning in primary schools in rural areas. The premise for the work was to engage higher education institutions such as UNNC and primary education institutions, such as HEPAN, by exchange of resources, (e.g. physical or human - staff and students as well as contexts as real opportunities for learning). It worked using design as a tool for development and environmental awareness. It worked in partnership with industry and government institutions and it involved over 120 students and 15 staff from 5 different areas (Architecture, Product Design, Environmental Engineering, Film Studies and English/Education). Through interactive workshops with academics and industry practitioners, UNNC students were guided to realise their ideas through innovative design and sustainable engineering solutions, also developed their communication and team working skills for real to help rural education and community development. Meanwhile, pupils and teachers in rural areas could develop sufficiently as their urban counterparts through this connected learning hub. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the processes and outcomes of Gansu Studio. The Plug-in Gansu Unit was designed to be the first net positive energy rural school building in China producing an estimated 18304 kWh/year of renewable energy to the school and reverting back to the county grid an annual extra clean energy 2304kWh/annum upon completion. An estimated 22 tons of water per year would be also saved.

scholarly journals Power of Agricultural Credit in Farmland Abandonment: Evidence from Rural China

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Du ◽  
Miao Zeng ◽  
Zhengjuan Xie ◽  
Shikun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Farmland Abandonment ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Force Dynamics ◽  
Rural Economies ◽  
Land Use Transformation ◽  
Using Data

Labor, land, and funds are keys to revitalizing rural areas around the world. Previous studies have focused on the impacts of funds on agricultural production, but placed little emphasis on its role in agricultural land-use transformation. Thus, this study explores the quantitative relationship between agricultural credit and farmland abandonment from the perspective of rural revitalization. Using data on 8031 households from 27 provinces obtained from China’s Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), this study uses a Tobit model to examine the quantitative impacts of informal and formal agricultural credit on farmland abandonment. The results indicate that: (1) Access to agricultural credit helps to reduce farmland abandonment. (2) Compared with formal agricultural credit (provided by institutions), informal agricultural credit (provided by family and friends) is more significant in reducing farmland abandonment. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of the relationship between agricultural credit and farmland use. It will also prompt policymakers to improve rural financial markets in order to reduce the misallocation of farmland resources, thereby improving food security and rural economies.

scholarly journals Child Marriage and Adolescent Motherhood: A Nationwide Vulnerability for Women in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4030
Author(s):  
Jahar Bhowmik ◽  
Raaj Kishore Biswas ◽  
Sorif Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adolescent Motherhood ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

The persistently high prevalence of girl-child marriage and adolescent motherhood is a public health concern in Bangladesh. This study investigated the division-wise prevalence and the influence of education and religious affiliation on child marriage and adolescent motherhood among women in Bangladesh along with their consequences using 15,474 women aged 15–49 years from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18. Staggeringly, 82.5% women were married before 18, 43.1% were married before 15, and 61.8% gave birth before 18 years of age. Binary logistic regression models for the complex survey showed that girl-children with primary, secondary, and higher secondary or above education were 16% (95% CI: 0.69, 1.03), 32% (95% CI: 0.55, 0.84), and 87% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.17) less likely to get married <18 years of age, respectively, compared to the uneducated. Also, girl-children with secondary and higher education were 21 and 83% less likely to become adolescent mothers, respectively, than the uneducated. Women married during childhood (<18 years) and adolescent mothers were 36 and 55% less likely to continue studies after marriage, respectively, and expressed that they significantly preferred a late marriage. Policy interventions need to address culturally-laden social norms influenced by religious-related beliefs, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals A Case Study on Gastric Cancer in South Korea versus France

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Yu ◽  
Rachel Wang ◽  
Omid Nikjeh ◽  
Maryam Farzanegan
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Human Right ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
The Life Course

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) unveil the stark disparities to health equity between developed countries across the globe. Although prevention, treatment, and research of certain NCDs are well-established and funded, others, specifically gastric cancer (GC), do not share the same notoriety. In particular, GC killed more than 768,793 people globally with 1.09 million GC diagnoses in 2020 alone (The Global Cancer Observatory, 2020). This data elucidates the merit of GC for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) initiatives. By examining social determinants between two economically similar countries through an evidence-based case methodology, the results may gleen into avoidable mortality and economic burden, successful prevention, and more favorable prognosis in decreasing the prevalence of GC. This review aims to compare South Korea and France which have one of the highest and lowest prevalence of GC, respectively. The concluding model will serve as a recommendation for countries with high prevalence of GC towards achieving SDG 3, which promotes health and wellbeing across the life course, while advocating for the declaration of health as a human right (United Nations, 2020). Pragmatic, tangible recommendations include partnerships with media to reduce alcohol consumption, sodium reduction campaigns and nutrition programs to promote healthy diets, and expansion of medical clinics in rural areas to reach those who lack access to proper healthcare.

An Analysis of Restraints on Effective Demand for Loans in Rural China

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Minxin He ◽  
Xinyu Zhong ◽  
Shengsong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Choice

China’s overall economic growth is, to a great extent, hindered by the lack of economic growth in rural areas. Based on data from the Thousand-Village Survey (2015) of 31 provinces conducted by Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, we conduct this empirical study to analyze the current state of rural financial services and the factors influencing effective demand for loans in rural China. Looking at the demand side, in 2014, only 13.91% farmers had loans, and only 15.53% of them made financial institutions their first choice when they needed loans. Clearly, there is still much to do with regard to inclusive finance. From the perspective of the supply side, only 43.86% of dispersed loans can be categorized as productive loans, further reflecting that the financial services industry does not provide strong support for rural economic growth. Further study shows that the main factors influencing effective demand for productive loans are the population age structure and the rate at which migrant workers return home. Therefore, the "Second-Child" policy and policies that encourage migrant workers to go back home to start businesses are of vital importance in order to raise effective financial demand in rural China.

Taking Part, Joining in, and Being Heard?

2020 ◽  
pp. 475-494
Author(s):  
Perpetua Kirby ◽  
Rebecca Webb
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
School Life ◽  
Children’S Participation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Children's Participation ◽  
The Voice

This chapter explores how Article 12 and the voice of the child are implemented. The chapter does so by making specific reference to ways in which children express themselves within two different English primary schools. The chapter introduces Article 12 as a commitment to giving due attention to children’s experiences. Using data vignettes, the chapter illustrates the value of paying attention to children by focusing on the micro moments of everyday school life. The chapter argues that children’s participation is necessarily political, suggesting that participation must be read as such and demonstrating how it is often subsumed within powerful dominant schooling discourses of conformity within different governmental climates that are regarded as beyond politics. The chapter identifies limited possibilities for transformation in the study’s research sites, discussed in terms of children achieving agency and enacting their own subjectivities. This is apparent even within the less coercive ethos of a school participating in the Rights Respecting Schools Initiative (UNICEF). The chapter argues that in order to open up possible transformational participatory spaces, adults in schools need to require opportunities to reflect together on the tensions within their own educational contexts and between supporting children’s participation and their conformity to wider schooling discourses. The chapter suggests that the provision of such opportunities will help to keep a focus on listening to children in line with the ambitions of Article 12.

scholarly journals Does Social Support Affect the Health of the Elderly in Rural China? A Meta-Analysis Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natuya Zhuori ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Yu Cui ◽  
Minjuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
The Impact

As the trend of aging in rural China has intensified, research on the factors affecting the health of the elderly in rural areas has become a hot issue. However, the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent and even contradictory, making it difficult to form constructive policies with practical value. To explore the reasons for the inconsistent conclusions drawn by relevant research, in this paper we constructed a meta-regression database based on 65 pieces of relevant literature published in the past 25 years. For more valid samples to reduce publication bias, we also set the statistical significance of social support to the health of the elderly in rural areas as a dependent variable. Finally, combined with multi-dimensional social support and its implications for the health of the elderly, meta-regression analysis was carried out on the results of 171 empirical studies. The results show that (1) subjective support rather than objective support can have a significant impact on the health of the elderly in rural areas, and there is no significant difference between other dimensions of social support and objective support; (2) the health status of the elderly in rural areas in samples involving western regions is more sensitive to social support than that in samples not involving the western regions; (3) among the elderly in rural areas, social support for the older male elderly is more likely to improve their health than that for the younger female elderly; and (4) besides this, both data sources and econometric models greatly affect the heterogeneity of the effect of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas, but neither the published year nor the journal is significant. Finally, relevant policies and follow-up studies on the impact of social support on the health of the elderly in rural areas are discussed.

scholarly journals Income, wealth and use of personal protection equipment in the Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Migheli
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Personal Protection Equipment ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

AbstractBoth in developing and developed countries, farmers often do not protect themselves adequately, especially when applying agrochemicals that are dangerous for their health. The issue is relevant because insufficient protection is between the causes leading to intoxication of farmers and workers who handle these products. The literature suggests that both lack of training and information and low income may explain why, especially in developing countries, protective equipment is under-used. Using data from the Mekong Delta, this study addresses the issue of whether income and household wealth may help explaining the use of incomplete protections against pesticides. The results suggest that income, more than wealth, is a reason why Vietnamese farmers operating in the Mekong Delta fail in using adequate protections. In particular, the data suggest that they may prefer to divert resources to increasing the production of their fields or to buying goods that may be used both as protection and as everyday garments. This behaviour leads to underinvestment in some important protective goods. Possible public interventions to mitigate the problem are suggested; in particular, the promotion of integrated pest management techniques could be useful.

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