scholarly journals Suppression of Schistosoma japonicum Acetylcholinesterase Affects Parasite Growth and Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong You ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Xiaofeng Du ◽  
Sujeevi Nawaratna ◽  
Vanessa Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
Schistosomiasis Japonica ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Cytokine Analysis ◽  
Cholinergic Signaling

To further investigate the importance of Schistosoma japonicum acetylcholinesterase (SjAChE) in cholinergic signaling for parasite growth and development, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to knock-down its expression in adults and eggs in vitro. This resulted in its reduced transcription but also expression of other important genes involved both in cholinergic signaling and glucose uptake were impacted substantially. Significant decreases in AChE protein expression, AChE enzymatic activity, and glucose uptake were observed in the SjAChE-knockdown parasites compared with luciferase controls. In vaccine/challenge experiments, we found that immunization of mice with recombinant SjAChE (rSjAChE) expressed in Escherichia coli elicited reductions in male worm numbers (33%), liver granuloma density (41%), and reduced numbers of mature intestinal eggs (73%) in the vaccinated group compared with the control group. These results indicate AChE plays an important role in the metabolism of male worms, and impacts indirectly on female fecundity leading to increased numbers of immature eggs being released and reduced sizes of liver granulomas. Furthermore, cytokine analysis showed that immunization of mice with rSjAChE elicited a predominantly Th1-type immune response characterized by increased production of IFNγ in splenic CD4+ T cells of vaccinated mice. The study confirms the potential of SjAChE as a vaccine/drug candidate against zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica.

USING THE KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED TO INCREASE BEEF IN THE FLAT PROVINCE OF DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.М. САДЫКОВ ◽  
М.П. АЛИХАНОВ ◽  
А.Г. СИМОНОВ ◽  
Г.А. СИМОНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Group

Изучены рост и развитие бычков — помесей красной степной с казахской белоголовой породой в равнинной провинции Дагестана. Установлено, что помесный молодняк, по сравнению с чистопородным скотом красной степной породы, имеет более высокую живую массу при рождении на 1,8 кг, или 7,3%. При отъеме в 8-месячном возрасте помеси имели живую массу 210 кг против 187,6 кг у красного степного молодняка, что на 22,4 кг, или 11,9% выше. В 12-, 15- и 18-месячном возрасте живая масса помесных бычков равнялась 291,8 кг, 359,7 и 436,6 кг, соответственно, или на 28 кг, 36 и 45,8 кг больше по сравнению с красным степным скотом. Среднесуточные приросты помесных бычков за период выращивания и откорма составили 760 г, что выше на 12,1% по сравнению с чистопородным красным степным молодняком. После заключительного откорма и убоя помесные бычки дали тяжеловесные туши с хорошим поливом. По массе парной туши они превосходили чистопородных аналогов на 31,3 кг, или 15,6% с преимуществом выхода туши на 2,4%. Убойный выход у бычков опытной группы составил 58,7%, контрольной — 55,8%. От помесных бычков были получены тяжеловесные шкуры массой 27,1 кг, от чистопородных — 21,6 кг, преимущество по этому показателю имели помесные животные 5,5 кг, или 25,4%. Для увеличения производства говядины в равнинной провинции Дагестана рекомендуем скрещивание коров красной степной породы с быками казахской белоголовой породы. The growth and development of bulls of red steppe crossbreeds with the Kazakh white-headed breed in the flat province of Dagestan were studied. It was found that young crossbreed animals in comparison with purebred red steppe cattle have a higher live weight at birth by 1,8 kg or 7,3%. When weaning at 8 months of age, cross-bred bulls had a live weight of 210 kg against 187,6 kg in red steppe young, which is 22,4 kg, or 11,9% higher. At 12, 15 and 18 months of age, the live weight of crossbred bulls was 291,8 kg, 359,7 and 436,6 kg, respectively, or 28 kg, 36 and 45,8 kg more than the red steppe cattle. The average daily growth of cross-bred bulls during the growing and fattening period was 760 g compared to 678 g, that is, they were 12,1% higher compared to purebred red steppe young. After the final fattening and slaughter, the cross-bred bulls gave heavy carcasses with good watering. By weight of the paired carcass, they were superior to purebred counterparts by 31,3 kg or 15,6% with an advantage of 2,4% carcass yield. The slaughter yield of bulls in the experimental group was 58,7%, 55,8% in the control group, respectively, with an advantage in favor of crossbreeds of 2,9%. Heavy skins weighing 27,1 kg were obtained from crossbreed bulls, 21,6 kg from purebred ones, and crossbreed animals of 5,5 kg or 25,4% had an advantage in this indicator. Studies have shown that in order to increase beef production in the lowland province of Dagestan, it is necessary to use crossbreeding of the breeding stock of the red steppe breed with bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed.

microRNA-4458 Regulates Insulin Resistance in Hepatic Cells by Targeting the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817
Author(s):  
Jingjing Zhou ◽  
Wenjuan Zhu ◽  
Zheng Mao ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xiaoqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Hepg2 Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Cells

Background: The objective of the research was to investigate the roles of miR-4458 in the regulation of insulin resistance in hepatic cells and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: The blood samples were collected from the T2D patients and the health controls, and the liver tissues were collected from the DM and control rats. The relationship between IGF1R and miR-4458 was predicted by TargetScan and verified by the dual luciferase reporter gene system. qRT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of miR-4458, IGF1R, G6Pase and PEPCK. The protein expression of IGF1R, p-AKT and AKT were measured by Western blot analysis. The rat insulin ELISA Kit and glucose Uptake Colorimteric Assay Kit were used to determine the level of serum insulin and the glucose uptake. Results: miR-4458 was high expressed in T2D patients. We predicted and verified that IGF1R was a direct target of miR-4458, and the mRNA expression of IGF1R was reduced in type 2 diabetes patients. We established the diabetes model (DM) and IR HepG2 cell model, and found that the blood glucose and serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in the DM group. miR-4458 expression was up-regulated, while the expression of IGF1R and p-AKT, and p-AKT/AKT ratio were reduced in the DM group and IR HepG2 cell model. miR-4458 inhibitor and IGF1R-siRNA significantly decreased the expression of miR-4458 and IGF1R respectively. In comparison with IR+inhibitor control group, miR-4458 inhibitor increased 2-DG6P content, IGF1R expression, p-AKT expression and p-AKT/AKT ratio, reduced the expression of G6Pase and PEPCK, and all the effects were reversed by down-regulating IGF1R. Conclusion: miR-4458 regulated the insulin resistance in hepatic cells by regulating the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT signal pathway, which will be a potential target for the treatment of diabetes.

A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Schistosomiasis in Hunan Province, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-531
Author(s):  
Enru Wang ◽  
Zhengyuan Zhao ◽  
Changhong Miao ◽  
Zhongcai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Schistosomiasis Japonica ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on annual parasitological data recently collected at county and village levels, this article presents a multiscale spatiotemporal analysis of transmission risk of schistosomiasis japonica in Hunan Province during 2001 to 2015 in a geographic information system environment. The study shows that the incidence and prevalence rate of human Schistosoma japonicum infection in Hunan Province decreased after 2001. A spatial autocorrelation analysis reveals the existence of spatial clusters of human Schistosoma japonicum infection and a growing tendency of spatial clustering over time. The identification of high-risk areas (hot spots) helps find areas of priority for future implementation of control strategies. The research demonstrates the importance of spatial scale in public health studies.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pendampingan Deteksi Dini Terhadap Kemampuan Guru PAUD Dalam Melaksanakan Deteksi Dini Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anak PAUD di Wilayah Puskesmas Beji Depok

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Suryati B ◽  
Bara Miradwiyana
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Mentoring Model

Impaired growth and development of children can be identified by early detection as prevention, prevention, stimulation and development. This study aims to determine the effect of early detection assistance models on the ability of early childhood education (PAUD) teachers in implementing early detection of early childhood growth and development. The research method uses pretest and posttest design with control group. Providing training and mentoring for PAUD teachers using the Stimulation of Detection and Early Intervention Growing Swell (SDIDTK)/ Child Development Pre-screening Questionnaire (KPSP) for the intervention group while for the control group for PAUD teachers by being given a KPSP booklet after the posttest. The results of the analysis showed that there were differences in scores of PAUD teachers' knowledge and skills in stimulating early childhood growth and development (p=0.001) between the intervention group and the control group after the mentoring model intervention. The knowledge of PAUD teachers who are given a mentoring model is better than the control group, there are significant differences in improving the ability of PAUD teachers to do early detection in children compared to the control group. PAUD teachers who are given the intervention of the mentoring model.

scholarly journals Blood cytokine analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in a sustained tumour promoting environment in cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fien HR De Winter ◽  
An Hotterbeekx ◽  
Manon Huizing ◽  
Angelina Konnova ◽  
Erik Fransen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Cytokine Analysis ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Infected Control Group

Cytokines, chemokines and (angiogenic) growth factors (CCGs) have been shown to play an intricate role in the progression of both solid and haematological malignancies. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to worse outcome in cancer patients, especially in haematological malignancy patients. Here, we investigated how SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts the already altered CCG levels in solid or haematological malignancies, specifically whether there is a protective effect or rather a potentially higher risk for major COVID-19 complications in cancer patients due to elevated CCGs linked to cancer progression. Serially analysing immune responses with 55 CCGs in cancer patients under active treatment with or without SARS-CoV-2 infection, we first showed that cancer patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=54) demonstrate elevated levels of 35 CCGs compared to the non-cancer, non-infected control group of health care workers (n=42). Of the 35 CCGs, 19 were common to both solid and haematological malignancy groups and comprised previously described cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-17A, and VEGF, but also several less well described cytokines/chemokines such as Fractalkine, Tie-2, and T cell chemokine CTACK. Importantly, we show here that 7 CCGs are significantly altered in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients (n=52). Of these TNF-α, IFN-β, TSLP and sVCAM-1, identified to be elevated in haematological cancers, are also known tumour-promoting factors. Longitudinal analysis conducted over 3 months showed persistence of several tumour-promoting CCGs in SARS-CoV-2 exposed cancer patients. These data urge for increased vigilance for haematological malignancy patients as a part of long COVID follow-up.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN INFORMASI NEONATAL DEVELOPMENTAL CARE MENINGKATKAN SIKAP PERAWAT DALAM MERAWAT BBLR

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Anafrin Yugistyowati ◽  
Lia Endriyani
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Developmental Care ◽  
Information Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Newborn with low birth weight (LBW) in Indonesia is relatively high even up to 16,9 %. The role of the neonatal nurse is highly expected to provide care for newborn babies with LBW by giving supportive environment. Neonatal Developmental Care (NDC) is one of intervention that aims to implement modifications to the nursery environment and care practices to promote growth and development of newborn with LBW. Most of nurses still have no information related NDC and its implementation in neonatal room. This study aimed to explore the influence of NDC information exposure toward nurse’s attitude. A quasi-experimental with before-and-after design was applied. This study recruited 21 nurses to participate as intervention and control group. The Paired T-Test was performed to analyze the data. The results showed there is an influence of NDC information exposure toward nurse’s attitude in caring for newborn with low birth weight by P-value 0,00. This study recommend that NDC can be one of nursing intervention for caring newborn baby with LBW in order to optimize caring for infant along caring for growth and development during their treatment in hospital.

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