scholarly journals Screening for Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Corn Silage Based on Three Hypothesized Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changlu Ma ◽  
Shuwen Zhang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Cai Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyang Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Cholesterol Removal ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Bile Salt Deconjugation ◽  
Lowering Activity

A total of 85 strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from corn silage in this study and analyzed in vitro for their cholesterol removal, NPC1L1 protein down-regulation and bile salt deconjugation ability, respectively. Nineteen strains were selected for further analysis for their probiotic potential. Finally, 3 strains showing better probiotic potential were evaluated for their cholesterol-lowering activity in hamsters. The strains showing the greater cholesterol removal and NPC1L1 protein down-regulation activity had no significant effects on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in hamsters (p > 0.05). However, Lactobacillus plantarum CAAS 18008 (1 × 109 CFU/d) showing the greater bile salt deconjugation ability significantly reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and hepatic total cholesterol levels by 28.8%, 21.7%, and 30.9%, respectively (p < 0.05). The cholesterol-lowering mechanism was attributed to its bile salt hydrolase activity, which enhanced daily fecal bile acid excretion levels and thereby accelerated new bile acid synthesis from cholesterol in liver. This study demonstrated that the strains showing greater cholesterol removal and NPC1L1 protein down-regulation activity in vitro hardly reveal cholesterol-lowering activity in vivo, whereas the strains showing greater bile salt deconjugation ability in vitro has large potential to decrease serum cholesterol levels in vivo.

scholarly journals Identification of a novel cholesterol-lowering dipeptide, phenylalanine-proline (FP), and its down-regulation of intestinal ABCA1 in hypercholesterolemic rats and Caco-2 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arata Banno ◽  
Jilite Wang ◽  
Kenji Okada ◽  
Ryosuke Mori ◽  
Maihemuti Mijiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Active Peptide ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

AbstractThere has been no report about in vivo active cholesterol-lowering dipeptide in any protein origin, despite their potential health benefits. Cattle heart protein hydrolysate ultra-filtrate (HPHU, molecular weight < ca. 1,000 Da peptide mixture) exhibits cholesterol-lowering activity in hypercholesterolemic rats, but the active peptide in HPHU that lowers serum cholesterol levels and its molecular mechanism are unknown. In this study, we separated and purified HPHU to identify a novel cholesterol-lowering dipeptide (phenylalanine-proline, FP) and characterized the mechanism underlying its effects in vivo and in vitro. We identified FP as an active peptide from HPHU by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. FP significantly decreased serum total and non-HDL cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol levels in rats. FP significantly increased serum HDL cholesterol, accompanied by a significant decrease in the atherogenic index. FP also significantly increased fecal cholesterol and acidic steroid excretion. Moreover, FP significantly decreased ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression in the rat jejunum and reduced cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells. We found a novel cholesterol-lowering dipeptide FP that could improve cholesterol metabolism via the down-regulation of intestinal ABCA1. The cholesterol-lowering action induced by FP was disappeared in PepT1KO mice. FP-induced cholesterol-lowering action is mediated via PepT1 in mice.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Study of the Probiotic Potential of a Bile-Salt-Hydrolyzing Lactobacillus fermentum Strain, and Determination of Its Cholesterol-Lowering Properties

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4743-4752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora I. A. Pereira ◽  
Anne L. McCartney ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the use of a bile-salt-hydrolyzing Lactobacillus fermentum strain as a probiotic with potential hypocholesterolemic properties. The effect of L. fermentum on representative microbial populations and overall metabolic activity of the human intestinal microbiota was investigated using a three-stage continuous culture system. Also, the use of galactooligosaccharides as a prebiotic to enhance growth and/or activity of the Lactobacillus strain was evaluated. Administration of L. fermentum resulted in a decrease in the overall bifidobacterial population (ca. 1 log unit). In the in vitro system, no significant changes were observed in the total bacterial, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and clostridial populations through L. fermentum supplementation. Acetate production decreased by 9 to 27%, while the propionate and butyrate concentrations increased considerably (50 to 90% and 52 to 157%, respectively). A general, although lesser, increase in the production of lactate was observed with the administration of the L. fermentum strain. Supplementation of the prebiotic to the culture medium did not cause statistically significant changes in either the numbers or the activity of the microbiota, although an increase in the butyrate production was seen (29 to 39%). Results from this in vitro study suggest that L. fermentum KC5b is a candidate probiotic which may affect cholesterol metabolism. The short-chain fatty acid concentrations, specifically the molar proportion of propionate and/or bile salt deconjugation, are probably the major mechanism involved in the purported cholesterol-lowering properties of this strain.

scholarly journals Activity Test of Suji Leaf Extract (Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.) on in vitro cholesterol lowering

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Ingrid Anggraini ◽  
Lily Fathrah Nabillah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Lowering Activity ◽  
Solvent Analysis

Cholesterol is a natural substance with physical characteristic similar to fat but has a steroidal group. The body requires cholesterol in normal amount; however, it will harm the body in excess amount. High cholesterol levels in the blood are dangerous because of the precipitation of cholesterol and other fatty substances resulting in atherosclerosis. Suji leaf (Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.) used as a natural dye has a high flavonoid content that is inferred to have cholesterol-lowering activity. This study aims to test the in vitro activity of suji leaf (Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.) extract in decreasing cholesterol level with various concentrations and to find the effective concentration (EC50). The method of extraction used was remaceration method with 70% ethanol solvent. Analysis of cholesterol-lowering activity was done by Lieberman-Burchard method by making variation of ethanol extract 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 700 ppm, and 800 ppm. The results showed the percentage of cholesterol-lowering activity by 33.62%, 36.15%, 46.61%, 56.39% and 64.05% respectively. Value of EC50 activity of suji leaf extract is 632.50 ppm.

scholarly journals Strain-Specific Effects of Bifidobacterium longum on Hypercholesterolemic Rats and Potential Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Jinchi Jiang ◽  
Caie Wu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Qingsong Zhang ◽  
Leilei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Bile Salt Deconjugation ◽  
16S Rrna Metagenomics ◽  
Key Genes

Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is among the major causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore whether Bifidobacterium longum strains exerted intra-species differences in cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic rats and to investigate the potential mechanisms. SD rats underwent gavage with each B. longum strain (CCFM 1077, I3, J3 and B3) daily for 28 days. B. longum CCFM 1077 exerted the most potent cholesterol-lowering effect, followed by B. longum I3 and B3, whereas B. longum B3 had no effect in alleviating hypercholesterolemia. Divergent alleviation of different B. longum strains on hypercholesterolemia can be attributed to the differences in bile salt deconjugation ability and cholesterol assimilation ability in vitro. By 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis, the relative abundance of beneficial genus increased in the B. longum CCFM 1077 treatment group. The expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were also altered after the B. longum CCFM 1077 treatment. In conclusion, B. longum exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia, mainly due to differences in bacterial characteristics, bile salt deconjugation ability, cholesterol assimilation ability, expressions of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and alterations of gut microbiota.

scholarly journals LINGO-1 shRNA protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3

Human Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zhu ◽  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Yipin Ren ◽  
Yukang Dong ◽  
Yaqi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Down Regulation

AbstractLINGO-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia. However, its biological function and underlying molecular mechanism in cerebral ischemia remain to be further defined. In our study, middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MACO/R) mice model and HT22 cell oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were established to simulate the pathological process of cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro and to detect the relevant mechanism. We found that LINGO-1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in mice and cell models. Down-regulation LINGO-1 improved the neurological symptoms and reduced pathological changes and the infarct size of the mice after MACO/R. In addition, LINGO-1 interference alleviated apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation in HT22 of OGD/R. Moreover, down-regulation of LINGO-1 proved to inhibit nuclear translocation of p-NF-κB and reduce the expression level of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In conclusion, our data suggest that shLINGO-1 attenuated ischemic injury by negatively regulating NF-KB and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, highlighting a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

GDNF and neurturin are target-derived factors essential for cranial parasympathetic neuron development

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (19) ◽  
pp. 3773-3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Hashino ◽  
Marlene Shero ◽  
Dirk Junghans ◽  
Hermann Rohrer ◽  
Jeffrey Milbrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striate Muscle ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Ciliary Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Parasympathetic Neuron

During development, parasympathetic ciliary ganglion neurons arise from the neural crest and establish synaptic contacts on smooth and striate muscle in the eye. The factors that promote the ciliary ganglion pioneer axons to grow toward their targets have yet to be determined. Here, we show that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN) constitute target-derived factors for developing ciliary ganglion neurons. Both GDNF and NRTN are secreted from eye muscle located in the target and trajectory pathway of ciliary ganglion pioneer axons during the period of target innervation. After this period, however, the synthesis of GDNF declines markedly, while that of NRTN is maintained throughout the cell death period. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo function-blocking of GDNF at early embryonic ages almost entirely suppresses ciliary axon outgrowth. These results demonstrate that target-derived GDNF is necessary for ciliary ganglion neurons to innervate ciliary muscle in the eye. Since the down-regulation of GDNF in the eye is accompanied by down-regulation of GFRα1 and Ret, but not of GFRα2, in innervating ciliary ganglion neurons, the results also suggest that target-derived GDNF regulates the expression of its high-affinity coreceptors.

scholarly journals Imbir i czosnek – surowce roślinne obniżające poziom cholesterolu i glukozy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kania-Dobrowolska ◽  
Justyna Baraniak ◽  
Aleksandra Górska ◽  
Marlena Wolek ◽  
Anna Bogacz
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases

Atherosclerosis and type II diabetes can be classified as lifestyle diseases. Unbalanced diet (highly processed food, excess salt food), a sedentary lifestyle and the use of stimulants (cigarettes, alcohol) can contribute to the emergence of both diseases. Both these diseases can coexist simultaneously. The development of type 2 diabetes may accelerate the development of atherosclerotic plaque, which in turn leads to many organ complications as well as death. People with slightly elevated glucose and cholesterol levels can be advised to take natural plant ingredients such as garlic and ginger along with changing their diet and increasing physical activity. garlic and ginger can be consumed alone as well as an addition to many dishes. In vitro and in vivo and clinical tests indicate the possibility of supporting the regulation of blood glucose and cholesterol levels by adding garlic and ginger to the diet.

scholarly journals The Antidepressant Desipramine Is an Arrestin-biased Ligand at the α2A-Adrenergic Receptor Driving Receptor Down-regulation in Vitro and in Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (41) ◽  
pp. 36063-36075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cottingham ◽  
Yunjia Chen ◽  
Kai Jiao ◽  
Qin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Receptor Internalization ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Altered Expression

The neurobiological mechanisms of action underlying antidepressant drugs remain poorly understood. Desipramine (DMI) is an antidepressant classically characterized as an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake. Available evidence, however, suggests a mechanism more complex than simple reuptake inhibition. In the present study, we have characterized the direct interaction between DMI and the α2A-adrenergic receptor (α2AAR), a key regulator of noradrenergic neurotransmission with altered expression and function in depression. DMI alone was found to be sufficient to drive receptor internalization acutely and a robust down-regulation of α2AAR expression and signaling following prolonged stimulation in vitro. These effects are achieved through arrestin-biased regulation of the receptor, as DMI selectively induces recruitment of arrestin but not activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Meanwhile, a physiologically relevant concentration of endogenous agonist (norepinephrine) was unable to sustain a down-regulation response. Prolonged in vivo administration of DMI resulted in significant down-regulation of synaptic α2AAR expression, a response that was lost in arrestin3-null animals. We contend that direct DMI-driven arrestin-mediated α2AAR down-regulation accounts for the therapeutically desirable but mechanistically unexplained adaptive alterations in receptor expression associated with this antidepressant. Our results provide novel insight into both the pharmacology of this antidepressant drug and the targeting of the α2AAR in depression.

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