scholarly journals Exosomes-Associated DNA—New Marker in Pregnancy Complications?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Konečná ◽  
Ľubomíra Tóthová ◽  
Gabriela Repiská
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
In Pregnancy

Despite a large number of studies, the etiology of pregnancy complications remains unknown. The involvement of cell-free DNA or fetal cell-free DNA in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications is currently being hypothesized. Cell-free DNA occurs in different forms—free; part of neutrophil extracellular traps; or as recently discovered, carried by extracellular vesicles. Cell-free DNA is believed to activate an inflammatory pathway, which could possibly cause pregnancy complications. It could be hypothesized that DNA in its free form could be easily degraded by nucleases to prevent the inflammatory activation. However, recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of exosomes, potential protectors of cell-free DNA, in pregnancy complications. Most of the interest from recent years is directed towards the micro RNA carried by exosomes. However, exosome-associated DNA in relation to pregnancy complications has not been truly studied yet. DNA, as an important cargo of exosomes, has been so far studied mostly in cancer research. This review collects all the known information on the topic of not only exosome-associated DNA but also some information on vesicles-associated DNA and the studies regarding the role of exosomes in pregnancy complications from recent years. It also suggests possible analysis of exosome-associated DNA in pregnancy from plasma and emphasizes the importance of such analysis for future investigations of pregnancy complications. A major obstacle to the advancement in this field is the proper uniformed technique for exosomes isolation. Similarly, the sensitivity of methods analyzing a small fraction of DNA, potentially fetal DNA, carried by exosomes is variable.

scholarly journals Role of Cell-Free DNA and Deoxyribonucleases in Tumor Progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12246
Author(s):  
Ludmila Alekseeva ◽  
Nadezhda Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Genomic Profile ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Main Component

Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. СfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes. Another source of cfDNA is immune cells, including neutrophils that generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite the potential eliminative effect of NETs on tumors, in some cases, their excessive generation provokes tumor growth as well as invasion. Considering both possible pathological contributions of cfDNA, as an agent of oncotransformation and the main component of NETs, the study of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as anticancer and antimetastatic agents is important and promising. This review considers the pathological role of cfDNA in cancer development and the role of DNases as agents to prevent and/or prohibit tumor progression and the development of metastases.

Emerging Role of Genomics and Cell-Free DNA in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Gerratana ◽  
Andrew A. Davis ◽  
Ami N. Shah ◽  
Chenyu Lin ◽  
Carla Corvaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

The role of donor-derived cell-free DNA in the detection of renal allograft injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Dongrui Cheng ◽  
Tingya Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna

scholarly journals Alterations of 5-hydroxymethylation in circulating cell-free DNA reflect molecular distinctions of subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C.-H. Chiu ◽  
Chang Chen ◽  
Qiancheng You ◽  
Rudyard Chiu ◽  
Girish Venkataraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Signature Genes ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Circulating Cell Free Dna

AbstractThe 5-methylcytosines (5mC) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). However, the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) that are generated from 5mC through active demethylation, in lymphomagenesis is unknown. We profiled genome-wide 5hmC in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 73 newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL and FL. We identified 294 differentially modified genes between DLBCL and FL. The differential 5hmC in the DLBCL/FL-differentiating genes co-localized with enhancer marks H3K4me1 and H3K27ac. A four-gene panel (CNN2, HMG20B, ACRBP, IZUMO1) robustly represented the overall 5hmC modification pattern that distinguished FL from DLBCL with an area under curve of 88.5% in the testing set. The median 5hmC modification levels in signature genes showed potential for separating patients for risk of all-cause mortality. This study provides evidence that genome-wide 5hmC profiles in cfDNA differ between DLBCL and FL and could be exploited as a non-invasive approach.

scholarly journals An online tool for fetal fraction prediction based on direct size distribution analysis of maternal cell-free DNA

BioTechniques ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bedon ◽  
Josef Vuch ◽  
Simeone Dal Monego ◽  
Germana Meroni ◽  
Vanna Pecile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Maternal Cell ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Fetal Fraction

The discovery of circulating fetal DNA in the plasma of pregnant women has greatly promoted advances in noninvasive prenatal testing. Screening performance is enhanced with higher fetal fraction and analysis of samples whose fetal DNA fraction is lower than 4% are unreliable. Although current approaches to fetal fraction measurement are accurate, most of them are expensive and time consuming. Here we present a simple and cost-effective solution that provides a quick and reasonably accurate fetal fraction by directly evaluating the size distribution of circulating DNA fragments in the extracted maternal cell-free DNA. The presented approach could be useful in the presequencing stage of noninvasive prenatal testing to evaluate whether the sample is suitable for the test or a repeat blood draw is recommended.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps May Contribute to the Pathogenesis in Adult-onset Still Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1560-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hyun Ahn ◽  
Jae Ho Han ◽  
Young-Jun Chwae ◽  
Ju-Yang Jung ◽  
Chang-Hee Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Still Disease

Objective.Release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) has been described as an effector mechanism of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in several inflammatory diseases. Thus, this study was performed to evaluate the role of NET in the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still disease (AOSD).Methods.We determined the serum levels of NET molecules and investigated their associations with clinical disease activities in patients with AOSD. Further, we analyzed the differences in the NETosis response in AOSD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). To explore the in vivo involvement of NET in AOSD, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of skin and lymph node (LN) biopsies for proteins related to NET in patients with active AOSD.Results.Serum levels of cell-free DNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex, and α-defensin were significantly increased in patients with AOSD compared to HC. Serum levels of the NET molecules, cell-free DNA, MPO-DNA, and α-defensin were correlated with several disease activity markers for AOSD. In followup of patients with AOSD after treatment with corticosteroid, the levels of cell-free DNA and α-defensin decreased significantly. On immunohistochemistry, neutrophil elastase–positive and MPO-positive inflammatory cells were detected in skin and LN of patients with AOSD, and were expressed in fiber form in the lesions. The serum from patients with active AOSD induced NETosis in neutrophils from HC. NET molecules induced interleukin 1β production in monocytes, representing a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of AOSD.Conclusion.The findings presented here suggest that NET may contribute to the inflammatory response and pathogenesis in AOSD.

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