scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling of the Host Response of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Following Infection by Ralstonia solanacearum

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan R. Zeiss ◽  
Msizi I. Mhlongo ◽  
Fidele Tugizimana ◽  
Paul A. Steenkamp ◽  
Ian A. Dubery
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Specific Variation

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important dietary source of bioactive phytochemicals and active breeding programs constantly produce new cultivars possessing superior and desirable traits. The phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is a highly destructive bacterial disease with a high economic impact on tomato production. This study followed an untargeted metabolomic approach involving four tomato cultivars and aimed at the identification of secondary metabolites involved in plant defense after infection with R. solanacearum. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in combination with multivariate data analysis and chemometric modelling were utilized for the identification of discriminant secondary metabolites. The total of 81 statistically selected features were annotated belonging to the metabolite classes of amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, various derivatives of cinnamic acid and benzoic acids, flavonoids and steroidal glycoalkaloids. The results indicate that the phenylpropanoid pathway, represented by flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids, is of prime importance in the tomato defense response. The hydroxycinnamic acids esters of quinic acid, hexoses and glucaric acids were identified as signatory biomarkers, as well as the hydroxycinnamic acid amides to polyamines and tyramine. Interestingly, the rapid and differential accumulation of putrescine, dopamine, and tyramine derivatives, along with the presence of a newly documented metabolite, feruloyl serotonin, were documented in the infected plants. Metabolite concentration variability in the different cultivar tissues point to cultivar-specific variation in the speed and manner of resource redistribution between the host tissues. These metabolic phenotypes provide insights into the differential metabolic signatures underlying the defense metabolism of the four cultivars, defining their defensive capabilities to R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Evaluation of Ralstonia solanacearum Cold Shock Protein Peptide (csp22)-Induced Responses in Solanum lycopersicum

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan R. Zeiss ◽  
Paul A. Steenkamp ◽  
Lizelle A. Piater ◽  
Ian A. Dubery
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Cold Shock Protein ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is one of the most destructive bacterial plant pathogens. This is linked to its evolutionary adaptation to evade host surveillance during the infection process since many of the pathogen’s associated molecular patterns escape recognition. However, a 22-amino acid sequence of R. solanacearum-derived cold shock protein (csp22) was discovered to elicit an immune response in the Solanaceae. Using untargeted metabolomics, the effects of csp22-elicitation on the metabolome of Solanum lycopersicum leaves were investigated. Additionally, the study set out to discover trends that may suggest that csp22 inoculation bestows enhanced resistance on tomato against bacterial wilt. Results revealed the redirection of metabolism toward the phenylpropanoid pathway and sub-branches thereof. Compared to the host response with live bacteria, csp22 induced a subset of the discriminant metabolites, but also metabolites not induced in response to R. solanacearum. Here, a spectrum of hydroxycinnamic acids (especially ferulic acid), their conjugates and derivatives predominated as signatory biomarkers. From a metabolomics perspective, the results support claims that csp22 pre-treatment of tomato plants elicits increased resistance to R. solanacearum infection and contribute to knowledge on plant immune systems operation at an integrative level. The functional significance of these specialized compounds may thus support a heightened state of defense that can be applied to ward off attacking pathogens or toward priming of defense against future infections.

Distribution and incidence of tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in the central region of Togo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bitang Bamazi ◽  
Agnassim Banito ◽  
K. D. Ayisah ◽  
Rachidatou Sikirou ◽  
Mathews Paret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in Togo. Unfortunately, tomatoes are susceptible to many diseases, among which bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum causes major yield losses. In this study, incidence of bacterial wilt and its distribution was evaluated in the central region of Togo, the major tomato producing area in the country. Overall, 16 localities were surveyed in four prefectures. In each locality, three fields were visited, and the incidence of the disease was recorded, and diseased samples were collected for laboratory investigation. The results showed that bacterial wilt occurred in all the fields visited, indicating a field incidence of 100%, whereas the plant incidence ranged from 10.00±00% to 43.33±3.33%, with an average of 20.94±1.77%. The antibody based Immunostrip test was positive for R. solanacearum in 100% of the visited fields. From 144 samples collected from fields, 45 R. solanacearum isolates were isolated on Modified SMSA media. This survey results show that tomato bacterial wilt is a real threat to tomato production in the central region of Togo.

scholarly journals Concomitant phytonutrient and transcriptome analysis of mature fruit and leaf tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Oregon Spring) grown using organic and conventional fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M Sharpe ◽  
Luke Gustafson ◽  
Seanna Hewitt ◽  
Benjamin Kilian ◽  
James Crabb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Leaf Tissues

ABSTRACTEnhanced levels of antioxidants, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamin C have been reported for several crops grown under organic fertilizer, albeit with yield penalties. As organic agricultural practices continue to grow and find favor it is critical to gain an understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the factors that limit the yields in organically farmed crops. Concomitant phytochemical and transcriptomic analysis was performed on mature fruit and leaf tissues derived from Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Oregon Spring’ grown under organic and conventional fertilizer conditions to evaluate the following hypotheses. 1. Organic soil fertilizer management results in greater allocation of photosynthetically derived resources to the synthesis of secondary metabolites than to plant growth, and 2. Genes involved in changes in the accumulation of phytonutrients under organic fertilizer regime will exhibit differential expression, and that the growth under different fertilizer treatments will elicit a differential response from the tomato genome. Both these hypotheses were supported, suggesting an adjustment of the metabolic and genomic activity of the plant in response to different fertilizers. Organic fertilizer treatment showed an activation of photoinhibitory processes through differential activation of nitrogen transport and assimilation genes resulting in higher accumulation of phytonutrients. This information can be used to identify alleles for breeding crops that allow for efficient utilization of organic inputs.Significance statementOrganic fertilizer changes the expression of the tomato genome, induces photosynthetic stress which elicits higher production of secondary metabolites.

Accumulation Patterns of Polyamines and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Conjugates during Microsporogenesis of Corylus avellana

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Meurer-Grimes ◽  
Dieter Strack ◽  
Victor Wray ◽  
Rolf Wierm
Keyword(s):  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Esters ◽  
Corylus Avellana L ◽  
Acid Esters

The am ounts of free, conjugated (hydroxycinnamic acid amides) and insoluble (poly)amines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) as well as hydroxycinnamic acid esters (quinic acid esters) were determined during development of male inflorescences of Corylus avellana L. The location of these compounds either in sporophytic or gametophytic tissues and the possible correlation of their accumulation with exine formation are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Growth and Metabolomic Profiling of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Bayoumi Abdel-Farid ◽  
Marwa Radawy Marghany ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Rowezek ◽  
Mohamed Gabr Sheded
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Seeds Germination

Seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum were monitored in in vitro and in vivo experiments after application of different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 100 and 200 mM). Photosynthetic pigments content and the biochemical responses of C. sativus and S. lycopersicum were assessed. Salinity stress slightly delayed the seeds germination rate and significantly reduced the percentage of germination as well as shoot length under the highest salt concentration (200 mM) in cucumber. Furthermore, root length was decreased significantly in all treatments. Whereas, in tomato, a prominent delay in seeds germination rate, the germination percentage and seedlings growth (shoot and root lengths) were significantly influenced under all concentrations of NaCl. Fresh and dry weights were reduced prominently in tomato compared to cucumber. Photosynthetic pigments content was reduced but with pronounced decreasing in tomato compared to cucumber. Secondary metabolites profiling in both plants under stress was varied from tomato to cucumber. The content of saponins, proline and total antioxidant capacity was reduced more prominently in tomato as compared to cucumber. On the other hand, the content of phenolics and flavonoids was increased in both plants with pronounced increase in tomato particularly under the highest level of salinity stress. The metabolomic profiling in stressful plants was significantly influenced by salinity stress and some bioactive secondary metabolites was enhanced in both cucumber and tomato plants. The enhancement of secondary metabolites under salinity stress may explain the tolerance and sensitivity of cucumber and tomato under salinity stress. The metabolomic evaluation combined with multivariate data analysis revealed a similar mechanism of action of plants to mediate stress, with variant level of this response in both plant species. Based on these results, the effect of salinity stress on seeds germination, seedlings growth and metabolomic content of plants was discussed in terms of tolerance and sensitivity of plants to salinity stress.

Managing Bacterial Speck and Spot of Tomato with Acibenzolar-S-Methyl in Virginia

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Graves ◽  
S. A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Bacterial Speck ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive Areas

On the Eastern Shore of Virginia, copper compounds, which have been used for controlling bacterial disease on tomato, have been associated with pesticide run-off from commercial tomato production with copper toxicity causing losses in clam nurseries. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate a replacement for copper that was safer for the environment and could provide effective management of bacterial diseases of tomato. Acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard 50 WG), a plant activator that induces systemic acquired resistance (SAR), was compared to the standard bactericide (copper hydroxide + mancozeb) for controlling Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Plots were established in grower fields in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Acibenzolar-S-methyl, at a rate of 10.5-g a.i./ha was equal to or better than the standard copper-based bactericide for controlling bacterial speck and spot, with no adverse affect on yield. Replacing copper with acibenzolar-S-methyl would effectively eliminate the need for copper bactericides. In environmentally sensitive areas where copper toxicity can be a problem, acibenzolar-S-methyl can providean effective alternative for the management of bacterial speck and bacterial spot on tomato. Accepted for publication 26 January 2002. Published 20 February 2002.

Quinic acid esters of hydroxycinnamic acids in stone and pome fruit

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Möller ◽  
Karl Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Acid Esters
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