Combined Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Human Prostate and Lung Cancer Cell Migration

The effect of 15 nm-sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or ionizing radiation (IR) on the migration and adhesion of human prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines was investigated. Cell migration was measured by observing the closing of a gap created by a pipette tip on cell monolayers grown in 6-well plates. The ratio of the gap areas at 0 h and 24 h were used to calculate the relative migration. The relative migration of cells irradiated with 5 Gy was found to be 89% and 86% for DU145 and A549 cells respectively. When the cells were treated with 1 mM AuNPs this fell to ~75% for both cell lines. However, when the cells were treated with both AuNPs and IR an additive effect was seen, as the relative migration rate fell to ~60%. Of interest was that when the cells were exposed to either 2 or 5 Gy IR, their ability to adhere to the surface of a polystyrene culture plate was significantly enhanced, unlike that seen for AuNPs. The delays in gap filling (cell migration) in cells treated with IR and/or AuNPs can be attributed to cellular changes which also may have altered cell motility. In addition, changes in the cytoskeleton of the cancer cells may have also affected adhesiveness and thus the cancer cell’s motility response to IR.

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Arecoline Promotes Migration of A549 Lung Cancer Cells through Activating the EGFR/Src/FAK Pathway

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins11040185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chih-Hsiang Chang ◽

Mei-Chih Chen ◽

Te-Huan Chiu ◽

Yu-Hsuan Li ◽

Wan-Chen Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Lung Cancer Cell Line ◽

Filamentous Actin ◽

Lung Cancer Cell ◽

Migration Ability ◽

A549 Lung

Arecoline is the primary alkaloid in betel nuts, which are known as a risk factor for oral submucosal fibrosis and oral cancer. Lung cancer is a severe type of carcinoma with high cell motility that is difficult to treat. However, the detailed mechanisms of the correlation between Arecoline and lung cancer are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of Arecoline on migration in lung cancer cell lines and its potential mechanism through the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 3 (mAChR3)-triggered EGFR/Src/FAK pathway. Our results indicate that different concentrations of Arecoline treatment (10 µM, 20 µM, and 40 µM) significantly increased the cell migration ability in A549 and CL1-0 cells and promoted the formation of the filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton, which is a crucial element for cell migration. However, migration of H460, CL1-5, and H520 cell lines, which have a higher migration ability, was not affected by Arecoline treatment. The EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway, which is responsible for cell migration, was activated by Arecoline treatment, and a decreased expression level of E-cadherin, which is an epithelial marker, was observed in Arecoline-treated cell lines. Blockade of the EGFR/c-Src/Fak pathway with the inhibitors of EGFR (Gefitinib) or c-Src (Dasatinib) significantly prevented Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells. Gefitinib or Dasatinib treatment significantly disrupted the Arecoline-induced localization of phospho-Y576-Fak during focal adhesion in A549 cells. Interestingly, Arecoline-promoted migration in A549 cells was blocked by a specific mAChR3 inhibitor (4-DAMP) or a neutralizing antibody of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP7 or Matrilysin). Taken together, our findings suggest that mAChR3 might play an essential role in Arecoline-promoted EGFR/c-Src/Fak activation and migration in an A549 lung cancer cell line.

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797: Noggin Blocks the Osteoinductive Properties of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)33033-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 175 (4S) ◽

pp. 258-258

Author(s):

Ruth Schwaninger ◽

Cyrill A. Rentsch ◽

Antoinette Wetterwald ◽

Irena Klima ◽

Gabri Van der Pluijm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Human Prostate Cancer ◽

Human Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

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Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Novel 7-O- and 14-O-Derivatives of Glaucocalyxin A

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520620666200302114550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1241-1249

Author(s):

Hong-Chuan Liu ◽

Li-Ming Qiao ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Zhao-Bao Xiang ◽

Hai-Sheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Derivatives Of

Background: Rabdosia japonica has been historically used in China as a popular folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, hepatitis, and gastricism. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), an ent-kaurene diterpene isolated from Rabdosia japonica, is one of the main active ingredients showing potent inhibitory effects against several types of tumor cells. To the best of our knowledge, studies regarding the structural modification and Structure- Activity Relations (SAR) of this compound have not yet been reported. Objective: The aim of this study was to discover more potent derivatives of GLA and investigate their SAR and cytotoxicity mechanisms. Methods: Novel 7-O- and 14-O-derivatives of GLA were synthesized by condensation of acids or acyl chloride. The anti-tumor activities of these derivatives against various human cancer cell lines were evaluated in vitro by MTT assays. Apoptosis assays of compound 17 (7,14-diacylation product) were performed on A549 and HL-60 cells by flow cytometry and TUNNEL. The acute toxicity of this compound was tested on mice, at the dose of 300mg per kg body weight. Results: Seventeen novel 7-O- and 14-O-derivatives of GLA (1-17) were synthesized. These compounds showed potent cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines, and almost all of them were found to be more cytotoxic than GLA and oridonin. Of the synthesized derivatives, compound 17 presented the greatest cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 0.26μM and 1.10μM in HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, respectively. Furthermore, this compound induced weak apoptosis of A549 cells but showed great potential in stimulating the apoptosis of HL- 60 cells. Acute toxicity assays indicated that compound 17 is relatively safer. Conclusion: The results reported herein indicate that the synthesized GLA derivatives exhibited greater cytotoxicity against leukemia cells than against other types of tumors. In particular, 7,14-diacylation product of GLA was found to be an effective anti-tumor agent. However, the cytotoxicity mechanism of this product in A549 cells is expected to be different than that in other tumor cell lines. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.

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Aspergillus fischeri Mediated Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and their Beneficially Comparative Effect on Normal and Cancer Cell Lines

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211738505666170522153157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Kangkana Banerjee ◽

Ravishankar R. Vittal

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Comparative Effect ◽

Aspergillus Fischeri

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Long non-coding RNA ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits migration of breast cancer cell via stabilizing SMAD7 protein

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment ◽

10.1007/s10549-021-06286-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chen-Long Wang ◽

Jing-Chi Li ◽

Ci-Xiang Zhou ◽

Cheng-Ning Ma ◽

Di-Fei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Breast Cancer Cell ◽

Rho Gtpase ◽

Critical Role ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Smad7 Protein

Abstract Purpose Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death from breast cancer patients and cell migration plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Recent studies have shown long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In the present study, the role of an LncRNA, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 5- Antisense 1 (ARHGAP5-AS1) in breast cancer was investigated. Methods RNA sequencing was performed to find out dysregulated LncRNAs in MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Transwell migration assays and F-actin staining were utilized to estimate cell migration ability. RNA pulldown assays and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to prove the interaction between ARHGAP5-AS1 and SMAD7. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to examine the protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the activation of TGF-β signaling. Results We analyzed the RNA-seq data of MDA-MB-231 and its highly metastatic derivative MDA-MB-231-LM2 cell lines (referred to as LM2) and identified a novel lncRNA (NR_027263) named as ARHGAP5-AS1, which expression was significantly downregulated in LM2 cells. Further functional investigation showed ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit cell migration via suppression of stress fibers in breast cancer cell lines. Afterwards, SMAD7 was further identified to interact with ARHGAP5-AS1 by its PY motif and thus its ubiquitination and degradation was blocked due to reduced interaction with E3 ligase SMURF1 and SMURF2. Moreover, ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit TGF-β signaling pathway due to its inhibitory role on SMAD7. Conclusion ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration via stabilization of SMAD7 protein and could serve as a novel biomarker and a potential target for breast cancer in the future.

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Differential Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Cell Motility between Primary Human Colonic and Melanocytic Cells and Their Cancerous Counterparts

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1418

Author(s):

Elham Shahhoseini ◽

Masao Nakayama ◽

Terrence J. Piva ◽

Moshi Geso

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽

X Rays ◽

Cell Adherence ◽

Cancerous Cell ◽

Primary Colon ◽

Radiation Induced

This study examined the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or ionizing radiation (IR) on the viability and motility of human primary colon epithelial (CCD841) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW48) cells as well as human primary epidermal melanocytes (HEM) and melanoma (MM418-C1) cells. AuNPs up to 4 mM had no effect on the viability of these cell lines. The viability of the cancer cells was ~60% following exposure to 5 Gy. Exposure to 5 Gy X-rays or 1 mM AuNPs showed the migration of the cancer cells ~85% that of untreated controls, while co-treatment with AuNPs and IR decreased migration to ~60%. In the non-cancerous cell lines gap closure was enhanced by ~15% following 1 mM AuNPs or 5 Gy treatment, while for co-treatment it was ~22% greater than that for the untreated controls. AuNPs had no effect on cell re-adhesion, while IR enhanced only the re-adhesion of the cancer cell lines but not their non-cancerous counterparts. The addition of AuNPs did not enhance cell adherence. This different reaction to AuNPs and IR in the cancer and normal cells can be attributed to radiation-induced adhesiveness and metabolic differences between tumour cells and their non-cancerous counterparts.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of the Tetracyclic Ring-System of Isocryptolepine and Regioiso-Mers for Antimalarial, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3268

Author(s):

Katja S. Håheim ◽

Emil Lindbäck ◽

Kah Ni Tan ◽

Marte Albrigtsen ◽

Ida T. Urdal Helgeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Ring System ◽

Human Prostate ◽

The Novel ◽

Human Prostate Cancer ◽

Biofilm Inhibition

A series of novel quinoline-based tetracyclic ring-systems were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiplasmodial, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. The novel hydroiodide salts 10 and 21 showed the most promising antiplasmodial inhibition, with compound 10 displaying higher selectivity than the employed standards. The antiproliferative assay revealed novel pyridophenanthridine 4b to be significantly more active against human prostate cancer (IC50 = 24 nM) than Puromycin (IC50 = 270 nM) and Doxorubicin (IC50 = 830 nM), which are used for clinical treatment. Pyridocarbazoles 9 was also moderately effective against all the employed cancer cell lines and moreover showed excellent biofilm inhibition (9a: MBIC = 100 µM; 9b: MBIC = 100 µM).

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