Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.

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Behavior of Metalloproteinases in Adipose Tissue, Liver and Arterial Wall: An Update of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells8020158 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 158 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Gabriela Berg ◽

Magalí Barchuk ◽

Verónica Miksztowicz

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Tissue Expansion ◽

Matrix Remodeling ◽

Ecm Remodeling ◽

Plaque Development ◽

High Incidence

Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is required for many physiological and pathological processes. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases which are able to degrade different components of the ECM and nucleus matrix and to cleave numerous non-ECM proteins. Among pathological processes, MMPs are involved in adipose tissue expansion, liver fibrosis, and atherosclerotic plaque development and vulnerability. The expression and the activity of these enzymes are regulated by different hormones and growth factors, such as insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. The controversial results reported up to this moment regarding MMPs behavior in ECM biology could be consequence of the different expression patterns among species and the stage of the studied pathology. The aim of the present review was to update the knowledge of the role of MMPs and its inhibitors in ECM remodeling in high incidence pathologies such as obesity, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease.

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The Dynamic Interaction between Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Breast Tumor Progression

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10051046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Jorge Martinez ◽

Patricio C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Breast Tumors ◽

Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽

Type I ◽

Matrix Remodeling ◽

Desmoplastic Reaction ◽

The Impact

Desmoplastic tumors correspond to a unique tissue structure characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. Breast tumors are a typical example of this type of lesion, a property that allows its palpation and early detection. Fibrillar type I collagen is a major component of tumor desmoplasia and its accumulation is causally linked to tumor cell survival and metastasis. For many years, the desmoplastic phenomenon was considered to be a reaction and response of the host tissue against tumor cells and, accordingly, designated as “desmoplastic reaction”. This notion has been challenged in the last decades when desmoplastic tissue was detected in breast tissue in the absence of tumor. This finding suggests that desmoplasia is a preexisting condition that stimulates the development of a malignant phenotype. With this perspective, in the present review, we analyze the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in the development of the desmoplastic response. Importantly, during the discussion, we also analyze the impact of obesity and cell metabolism as critical drivers of tissue remodeling during the development of desmoplasia. New knowledge derived from the dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix may lead to novel targets of interest for early diagnosis or therapy in the context of breast tumors.

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