scholarly journals The Epigenetic Landscape of Vascular Calcification: An Integrative Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chou Hou ◽  
Chien-Lin Lu ◽  
Tzu-Hang Yuan ◽  
Min-Tser Liao ◽  
Chia-Ter Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Variable Combination ◽  
Epigenetic Signatures ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Vascular calcification (VC) is an important complication among patients of advanced age, those with chronic kidney disease, and those with diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of VC encompasses passive occurrence of physico-chemical calcium deposition, active cellular secretion of osteoid matrix upon exposure to metabolically noxious stimuli, or a variable combination of both processes. Epigenetic alterations have been shown to participate in this complex environment, through mechanisms including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modifications, and chromatin changes. Despite such importance, existing reviews fail to provide a comprehensive view of all relevant reports addressing epigenetic processes in VC, and cross-talk between different epigenetic machineries is rarely examined. We conducted a systematic review based on PUBMED and MEDLINE databases up to 30 September 2019, to identify clinical, translational, and experimental reports addressing epigenetic processes in VC; we retrieved 66 original studies, among which 60.6% looked into the pathogenic role of non-coding RNA, followed by DNA methylation (12.1%), histone modification (9.1%), and chromatin changes (4.5%). Nine (13.6%) reports examined the discrepancy of epigenetic signatures between subjects or tissues with and without VC, supporting their applicability as biomarkers. Assisted by bioinformatic analyses blending in each epigenetic component, we discovered prominent interactions between microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification regarding potential influences on VC risk.

scholarly journals Targeting Epigenetic Regulators for Endometrial Cancer Therapy: Its Molecular Biology and Potential Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Futaba Inoue ◽  
Kenbun Sone ◽  
Yusuke Toyohara ◽  
Yu Takahashi ◽  
Asako Kukita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Epigenetic Regulators

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, its prognosis in advanced stages is poor, and there are only few available treatment options when it recurs. Epigenetic changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, have been studied for the last two decades. Epigenetic dysregulation is often reported in the development and progression of various cancers. Recently, epigenetic changes in endometrial cancer have also been discussed. In this review, we give the main points of the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in endometrial cancer, the diagnostic tools to determine these modifications, and inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators that are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

scholarly journals The Dual Role of Vitamin K2 in “Bone-Vascular Crosstalk”: Opposite Effects on Bone Loss and Vascular Calcification

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Domitilla Mandatori ◽  
Letizia Pelusi ◽  
Valeria Schiavone ◽  
Caterina Pipino ◽  
Natalia Di Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Age Related

Osteoporosis (OP) and vascular calcification (VC) represent relevant health problems that frequently coexist in the elderly population. Traditionally, they have been considered independent processes, and mainly age-related. However, an increasing number of studies have reported their possible direct correlation, commonly defined as “bone-vascular crosstalk”. Vitamin K2 (VitK2), a family of several natural isoforms also known as menaquinones (MK), has recently received particular attention for its role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. In particular, VitK2 deficiency seems to be responsible of the so-called “calcium paradox” phenomenon, characterized by low calcium deposition in the bone and its accumulation in the vessel wall. Since these events may have important clinical consequences, and the role of VitK2 in bone-vascular crosstalk has only partially been explained, this review focuses on its effects on the bone and vascular system by providing a more recent literature update. Overall, the findings reported here propose the VitK2 family as natural bioactive molecules that could be able to play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and vascular calcification, thus encouraging further in-depth studies to achieve its use as a dietary food supplement.

Biopsychosocial pathways to mental health and disease across the lifespan: The emerging role of epigenetics

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-206
Author(s):  
Charlotte A.M. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulate Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

The biopsychosocial (BPS) model of psychiatry has had a major impact on our modern conceptualization of mental illness as a complex, multi-determined phenomenon. Yet, interdisciplinary BPS work remains the exception, rather than the rule in psychiatry. It has been suggested that this may stem in part from a failure of the BPS model to clearly delineate the mechanisms through which biological, psychological, and social factors co-act in the development of mental illness. This chapter discusses how epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression, such as DNA methylation, are fast emerging as a candidate mechanism for BPS interactions, with potentially widespread implications for the way that psychiatric disorders are understood, assessed, and, perhaps in future, even treated.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Attenuates Phosphate-Induced Vascular Calcification

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joo Park ◽  
Yeon Kim ◽  
Mi-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Jae Joon Hwang ◽  
Hyung Joon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Grp Receptor

Vascular calcification is the pathological deposition of calcium/phosphate in the vascular system and is closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigated the role of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in phosphate-induced vascular calcification and its potential regulatory mechanism. We found that the silencing of GRP gene and treatment with the GRP receptor antagonist, RC-3095, attenuated the inorganic phosphate-induced calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This attenuation was caused by inhibiting phenotype change, apoptosis and matrix vesicle release in VSMCs. Moreover, the treatment with RC-3095 effectively ameliorated phosphate-induced calcium deposition in rat aortas ex vivo and aortas of chronic kidney disease in mice in vivo. Therefore, the regulation of the GRP-GRP receptor axis may be a potential strategy for treatment of diseases associated with excessive vascular calcification.

scholarly journals The Role of Sulforaphane in Epigenetic Mechanisms, Including Interdependence between Histone Modification and DNA Methylation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 29732-29743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kaufman-Szymczyk ◽  
Grzegorz Majewski ◽  
Katarzyna Lubecka-Pietruszewska ◽  
Krystyna Fabianowska-Majewska
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals The role of microRNA in myelodysplastic syndromes: beyond DNA methylation and histone modification

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibor Milunović ◽  
Inga Mandac Rogulj ◽  
Ana Planinc-Peraica ◽  
Ekaterina Bulycheva ◽  
Slobodanka Kolonić Ostojić
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes

scholarly journals The role of epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, in the evolution of caste in insect societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1826) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Oldroyd ◽  
Boris Yagound
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Insect Societies ◽  
Divergent Development ◽  
Worker Castes ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Eusocial insects can be defined as those that live in colonies and have distinct queens and workers. For most species, queens and workers arise from a common genome, and so caste-specific developmental trajectories must arise from epigenetic processes. In this review, we examine the epigenetic mechanisms that may be involved in the regulation of caste dimorphism. Early work on honeybees suggested that DNA methylation plays a causal role in the divergent development of queen and worker castes. This view has now been challenged by studies that did not find consistent associations between methylation and caste in honeybees and other species. Evidence for the involvement of methylation in modulating behaviour of adult workers is also inconsistent. Thus, the functional significance of DNA methylation in social insects remains equivocal. This article is part of the theme issue ‘How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?’

scholarly journals The Role of DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6217
Author(s):  
Ismael Khouly ◽  
Rosalie Salus Braun ◽  
Michelle Ordway ◽  
Bradley Eric Aouizerat ◽  
Iya Ghassib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Human Adults

Despite a number of reports in the literature on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, a thorough assessment of the published studies is warranted to better comprehend the evidence on the relationship between epigenetic changes and periodontal disease and its treatment. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence for an association between DNA methylation/histone modification and periodontal disease and its treatment in human adults. A systematic search was independently conducted to identify articles meeting the inclusion criteria. DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with periodontal diseases, gene expression, epigenetic changes after periodontal therapy, and the association between epigenetics and clinical parameters were evaluated. Sixteen studies were identified. All included studies examined DNA modifications in relation to periodontitis, and none of the studies examined histone modifications. Substantial variation regarding the reporting of sample sizes and patient characteristics, statistical analyses, and methodology, was found. There was some evidence, albeit inconsistent, for an association between DNA methylation and periodontal disease. IL6, IL6R, IFNG, PTGS2, SOCS1, and TNF were identified as candidate genes that have been assessed for DNA methylation in periodontitis. While several included studies found associations between methylation levels and periodontal disease risk, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute an association between DNA methylation and periodontal disease/therapy in human adults. Further research must be conducted to identify reproducible epigenetic markers and determine the extent to which DNA methylation can be applied as a clinical biomarker.

scholarly journals Epigenetics and gestational diabetes: a review of epigenetic epidemiology studies and their use to explore epigenetic mediation and improve prediction

Diabetologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2171-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah R. Elliott ◽  
Gemma C. Sharp ◽  
Caroline L. Relton ◽  
Deborah A. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Epidemiology ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

Abstract Epigenetics encapsulates a group of molecular mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs). Gestational diabetes (GDM) increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and is associated with future offspring risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has been hypothesised that epigenetic mechanisms mediate an effect of GDM on offspring adiposity and type 2 diabetes and this could provide a modifiable mechanism to reduce type 2 diabetes in the next generation. Evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Epigenetic epidemiology could also contribute to reducing type 2 diabetes by identifying biomarkers that accurately predict risk of GDM and its associated future adverse outcomes. We reviewed published human studies that explored associations between any of maternal GDM, type 2 diabetes, gestational fasting or post-load glucose and any epigenetic marker (DNA methylation, histone modification or miRNA). Of the 81 relevant studies we identified, most focused on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating intrauterine effects of GDM on offspring outcomes. Studies were small (median total number of participants 58; median number of GDM cases 27) and most did not attempt replication. The most common epigenetic measure analysed was DNA methylation. Most studies that aimed to explore epigenetic mediation examined associations of in utero exposure to GDM with offspring cord or infant blood/placenta DNA methylation. Exploration of any causal effect, or effect on downstream offspring outcomes, was lacking. There is a need for more robust methods to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms as possible mediators of effects of exposure to GDM on future risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Research to identify epigenetic biomarkers to improve identification of women at risk of GDM and its associated adverse (maternal and offspring) outcomes is currently rare but could contribute to future tools for accurate risk stratification.

scholarly journals Integration of sperm ncRNA-directed DNA methylation and DNA methylation-directed histone retention in epigenetic transgenerational inheritance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beck ◽  
Millissia Ben Maamar ◽  
Michael K. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Transgenerational Inheritance ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Genetic Form ◽  
F1 Generation ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Abstract Background Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of pathology and phenotypic variation has been demonstrated in all organisms investigated from plants to humans. This non-genetic form of inheritance is mediated through epigenetic alterations in the sperm and/or egg to subsequent generations. Although the combined regulation of differential DNA methylated regions (DMR), non-coding RNA (ncRNA), and differential histone retention (DHR) have been shown to occur, the integration of these different epigenetic processes remains to be elucidated. The current study was designed to examine the integration of the different epigenetic processes. Results A rat model of transiently exposed F0 generation gestating females to the agricultural fungicide vinclozolin or pesticide DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) was used to acquire the sperm from adult males in the subsequent F1 generation offspring, F2 generation grand offspring, and F3 generation great-grand offspring. The F1 generation sperm ncRNA had substantial overlap with the F1, F2 and F3 generation DMRs, suggesting a potential role for RNA-directed DNA methylation. The DMRs also had significant overlap with the DHRs, suggesting potential DNA methylation-directed histone retention. In addition, a high percentage of DMRs induced in the F1 generation sperm were maintained in subsequent generations. Conclusions Many of the DMRs, ncRNA, and DHRs were colocalized to the same chromosomal location regions. Observations suggest an integration of DMRs, ncRNA, and DHRs in part involve RNA-directed DNA methylation and DNA methylation-directed histone retention in epigenetic transgenerational inheritance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document