The role of microRNA in myelodysplastic syndromes: beyond DNA methylation and histone modification

Despite a number of reports in the literature on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, a thorough assessment of the published studies is warranted to better comprehend the evidence on the relationship between epigenetic changes and periodontal disease and its treatment. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to identify and synthesize the evidence for an association between DNA methylation/histone modification and periodontal disease and its treatment in human adults. A systematic search was independently conducted to identify articles meeting the inclusion criteria. DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with periodontal diseases, gene expression, epigenetic changes after periodontal therapy, and the association between epigenetics and clinical parameters were evaluated. Sixteen studies were identified. All included studies examined DNA modifications in relation to periodontitis, and none of the studies examined histone modifications. Substantial variation regarding the reporting of sample sizes and patient characteristics, statistical analyses, and methodology, was found. There was some evidence, albeit inconsistent, for an association between DNA methylation and periodontal disease. IL6, IL6R, IFNG, PTGS2, SOCS1, and TNF were identified as candidate genes that have been assessed for DNA methylation in periodontitis. While several included studies found associations between methylation levels and periodontal disease risk, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute an association between DNA methylation and periodontal disease/therapy in human adults. Further research must be conducted to identify reproducible epigenetic markers and determine the extent to which DNA methylation can be applied as a clinical biomarker.

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Epigenetics and gestational diabetes: a review of epigenetic epidemiology studies and their use to explore epigenetic mediation and improve prediction

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-019-05011-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (12) ◽

pp. 2171-2178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hannah R. Elliott ◽

Gemma C. Sharp ◽

Caroline L. Relton ◽

Deborah A. Lawlor

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dna Methylation ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Diabetes Research ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Epigenetic Epidemiology ◽

Epigenetic Biomarkers

Abstract Epigenetics encapsulates a group of molecular mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNAs (miRNAs). Gestational diabetes (GDM) increases the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and is associated with future offspring risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. It has been hypothesised that epigenetic mechanisms mediate an effect of GDM on offspring adiposity and type 2 diabetes and this could provide a modifiable mechanism to reduce type 2 diabetes in the next generation. Evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. Epigenetic epidemiology could also contribute to reducing type 2 diabetes by identifying biomarkers that accurately predict risk of GDM and its associated future adverse outcomes. We reviewed published human studies that explored associations between any of maternal GDM, type 2 diabetes, gestational fasting or post-load glucose and any epigenetic marker (DNA methylation, histone modification or miRNA). Of the 81 relevant studies we identified, most focused on the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating intrauterine effects of GDM on offspring outcomes. Studies were small (median total number of participants 58; median number of GDM cases 27) and most did not attempt replication. The most common epigenetic measure analysed was DNA methylation. Most studies that aimed to explore epigenetic mediation examined associations of in utero exposure to GDM with offspring cord or infant blood/placenta DNA methylation. Exploration of any causal effect, or effect on downstream offspring outcomes, was lacking. There is a need for more robust methods to explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms as possible mediators of effects of exposure to GDM on future risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Research to identify epigenetic biomarkers to improve identification of women at risk of GDM and its associated adverse (maternal and offspring) outcomes is currently rare but could contribute to future tools for accurate risk stratification.

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The Epigenetic Landscape of Vascular Calcification: An Integrative Perspective

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21030980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 980 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yi-Chou Hou ◽

Chien-Lin Lu ◽

Tzu-Hang Yuan ◽

Min-Tser Liao ◽

Chia-Ter Chao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Vascular Calcification ◽

Calcium Deposition ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Variable Combination ◽

Epigenetic Signatures ◽

Epigenetic Processes

Vascular calcification (VC) is an important complication among patients of advanced age, those with chronic kidney disease, and those with diabetes mellitus. The pathophysiology of VC encompasses passive occurrence of physico-chemical calcium deposition, active cellular secretion of osteoid matrix upon exposure to metabolically noxious stimuli, or a variable combination of both processes. Epigenetic alterations have been shown to participate in this complex environment, through mechanisms including DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, histone modifications, and chromatin changes. Despite such importance, existing reviews fail to provide a comprehensive view of all relevant reports addressing epigenetic processes in VC, and cross-talk between different epigenetic machineries is rarely examined. We conducted a systematic review based on PUBMED and MEDLINE databases up to 30 September 2019, to identify clinical, translational, and experimental reports addressing epigenetic processes in VC; we retrieved 66 original studies, among which 60.6% looked into the pathogenic role of non-coding RNA, followed by DNA methylation (12.1%), histone modification (9.1%), and chromatin changes (4.5%). Nine (13.6%) reports examined the discrepancy of epigenetic signatures between subjects or tissues with and without VC, supporting their applicability as biomarkers. Assisted by bioinformatic analyses blending in each epigenetic component, we discovered prominent interactions between microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification regarding potential influences on VC risk.

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Targeting Epigenetic Regulators for Endometrial Cancer Therapy: Its Molecular Biology and Potential Clinical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2305

Author(s):

Futaba Inoue ◽

Kenbun Sone ◽

Yusuke Toyohara ◽

Yu Takahashi ◽

Asako Kukita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Epigenetic Changes ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Epigenetic Regulators

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological malignancies worldwide. However, its prognosis in advanced stages is poor, and there are only few available treatment options when it recurs. Epigenetic changes in gene function, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, have been studied for the last two decades. Epigenetic dysregulation is often reported in the development and progression of various cancers. Recently, epigenetic changes in endometrial cancer have also been discussed. In this review, we give the main points of the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in endometrial cancer, the diagnostic tools to determine these modifications, and inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulators that are currently in preclinical studies and clinical trials.

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Role of DNA Methylation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Seminars in Hematology ◽

10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.01.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 16-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Hina Khan ◽

Cristina Vale ◽

Tushar Bhagat ◽

Amit Verma

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

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Role of histone modification and DNA methylation in signaling pathways involved in diabetic retinopathy

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.27844 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 234 (6) ◽

pp. 7839-7846 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rana Shafabakhsh ◽

Esmat Aghadavod ◽

Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan ◽

Gordon Ferns ◽

Zatollah Asemi

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Signaling Pathways

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Epigenetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12102996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 2996

Author(s):

Cinzia Caprio ◽

Antonio Sacco ◽

Viviana Giustini ◽

Aldo M. Roccaro

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Review Article ◽

Plasma Cell Dyscrasia ◽

Specific Context

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by proliferation of clonal plasma cells within the bone marrow. Several advances in defining key processes responsible for MM pathogenesis and disease progression have been made; and dysregulation of epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, has emerged as a crucial regulator of MM pathogenesis. In the present review article, we will focus on the role of epigenetic modifications within the specific context of MM.

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The Roles of Natural Compounds in Epigenetics

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300

Author(s):

Yanhong Yang ◽

Zuohua Chi ◽

Ruiping Gao ◽

Zili Lei

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Histone Modification ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Epigenetic Modifications ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Insight Into

Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNA and lncRNA regulations, and take part in many physiological and pathological processes. Recently, it has been found that natural compounds are essential in regulation of epigenetics. By influencing the expression and activities of genes related with epigenetics and altering the expression and functions of miRNAs, many natural compounds exhibit the biological and pharmaceutical activities in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many kinds of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Here in this review, the effects of several natural compounds on epigenetics and the underlying mechanisms were summarized, providing a new insight into the role of natural compounds.

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DNA methylation in satellite repeats disorders

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/ebc20190028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 757-771 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claire Francastel ◽

Frédérique Magdinier

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Human Genome ◽

Repetitive Dna ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Satellite Repeats ◽

Tremendous Progress ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Dna Elements ◽

Near Future

Abstract Despite the tremendous progress made in recent years in assembling the human genome, tandemly repeated DNA elements remain poorly characterized. These sequences account for the vast majority of methylated sites in the human genome and their methylated state is necessary for this repetitive DNA to function properly and to maintain genome integrity. Furthermore, recent advances highlight the emerging role of these sequences in regulating the functions of the human genome and its variability during evolution, among individuals, or in disease susceptibility. In addition, a number of inherited rare diseases are directly linked to the alteration of some of these repetitive DNA sequences, either through changes in the organization or size of the tandem repeat arrays or through mutations in genes encoding chromatin modifiers involved in the epigenetic regulation of these elements. Although largely overlooked so far in the functional annotation of the human genome, satellite elements play key roles in its architectural and topological organization. This includes functions as boundary elements delimitating functional domains or assembly of repressive nuclear compartments, with local or distal impact on gene expression. Thus, the consideration of satellite repeats organization and their associated epigenetic landmarks, including DNA methylation (DNAme), will become unavoidable in the near future to fully decipher human phenotypes and associated diseases.

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