The Role of miRNA and Related Pathways in Pathophysiology of Uterine Fibroids—From Bench to Bedside

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. Their prevalence usually is estimated at 30–40%, but may reach up to 70–80% in predisposed groups of women. UFs may cause various clinical issues which might constitute the major reason of the overall deterioration of the quality of life. The mechanisms leading to UFs formation and growth still remain poorly understood. The transformation of smooth muscle cells of the uterus into abnormal, immortal cells, capable of clonal division, is thought to be a starting point of all pathways leading to UF formation. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression. One of recent advances in this field is the comprehension of the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis. Alterations in the levels of miRNAs are related to the formation and growth of several tumors which show a distinct miRNA signature. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data about the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of UFs. We also discuss future directions in the miRNA research area with an emphasis on novel diagnostic opportunities or patient-tailored therapies. In our opinion data concerning the regulation of miRNA and its gene targets in the UFs are still insufficient in comparison with gynecological malignancies. The potential translational use of miRNA and derived technologies in the clinical care is at the early phase and needs far more evidence. However, it is one of the main areas of interest for the future as the use of miRNAs in the diagnostics and treatment of UFs is a new and exciting opportunity.

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Od kultury popularnej do geopolityki popularnej

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica ◽

10.24917/20813333.22.4 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 22 (297) ◽

pp. 53-66

Author(s):

Jarosław Macała

Keyword(s):

Popular Culture ◽

Mass Media ◽

Research Methods ◽

Research Area ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Starting Point ◽

The World ◽

Cultural Order ◽

Popular Geopolitics

A large portion of geopolitical research of the last decades, especially geopolitical criticism, undertakes the concept of the importance of culture, value and identity in explaining the relation between the space and politics, which was an aspect underappreciated by classical and neoclassical geopolitics. It might be assumed that the currently growing role of popculture and mass-media in our lives lead to the establishment of a kind of a “cultural order”, a particular filter that decides on the perception of the world and, consequently, geopolitics. This article relates to this issue as it deals with the meaning of popular culture in contemporary geopolitical research, mostly accentuated by popular geopolitics. This review briefly analyses what popular geopolitics is, how to sketch its research area, stages of development, applied definitions and research methods. The starting point is the assumption that the hegemonic structure of geographical/geopolitical thinking that the elites are trying to impose on the society by using popcultural artifacts may, in fact, be reconstructed thanks to popular geopolitics studies. It shows the scale and reach of resistance towards such imaginations as displayed by the non-elites, who also reach for symbols, texts and images from popular culture. Such circumstances allow to observe either legitimizing or debunking a particular view of the world and geopolitics.

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Influence of Ulipristal Acetate in 3D-PW-Doppler parameters of patients with uterine myomas: a prospective observational pilot study

10.36811/ojgor.2020.110014 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Patricia Diaz Ortega ◽

García-Manero Manuel

Keyword(s):

Power Doppler ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

3D Ultrasound ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Ulipristal Acetate ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

3D Power Doppler ◽

Multiple Treatments ◽

Vascularization Index

Introduction: uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. They associate a varied symptomatology, from the absence of symptoms to more disabling bleeding or pain [1,2]. There are multiple treatments directed against different targets such as ulipristal acetate which has proven effective in reducing the size of the fibroids and their symptoms [7]. Our preliminary study seeks to find the relationship between ulipristal acetate and angiogenesis of uterine fibroids, by measuring ultrasound vascularization of the fibroid throughout the treatment. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study has been designed, in which 24 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids have been included and given 4 cycles of Ulipristal Acetate. The size and vascularization of the fibroids were measured at the beginning and end of treatment; as well as on several occasions throughout the follow-up. Myoma vascularization was measured by power doppler 3D ultrasound through different parameters that define the vascularization in a more objective way: Vascularization Index (VI), Flow Rate (FR), Flow Vascularization Index (FVI). Result: A significant reduction in the size of the fibroids has been observed, as well as their vascularization in terms of vascularization indices measured by 3D PW ultrasound. These changes were evident at the end of treatment and were maintained over time. Conclusion: There is a correlation between myoma vascularization and treatment with Ulipristal Acetate. SPRMs may provide effective treatment for women with symptomatic fibroids by two ways: supports selective progesterone receptor modulators and reduced angiogenesis. In addition, the use of vascularization markers of 3DPW ultrasound and the colour map allow us to monitor the response to medical treatment of myomas in a non-invasive and easily reproducible way. Keywords: Ulipristal Acetate; Esmya®; Uterine fibroids; Angiogenesis; 3D Power Doppler Ultrasound

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High levels of ca125 in a patient with large uterine fibroid.

Hellenic Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.33574/hjog.2102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 167-170

Author(s):

Konstantinos Zacharis ◽

Konstantinos Dafopoulos

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Mass ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Caucasian Woman ◽

Cancer Antigen 125 ◽

Cancer Antigen ◽

Present Case Report ◽

Female Genital

Uterine leiomyomas, also known as uterine fibroids, are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract and affect 60 to 80% of women at their reproductive age. Although elevated tumor markers may be measured in benign gynaecological diseases, the association of uterine fibroids with increased levels of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) has not been proven to date. In the present case report we present a rare case of a 21-year-old Caucasian woman attended to our outpatient department with hypermenorrhea and pelvic discomfort that was treated for an enlarged intra-abdominal mass with an abnormally high CA-12 (777.3 U/mL).

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The Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor α in the Biology of Uterine Fibroids and the Related Symptoms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123869 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3869 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Michał Ciebiera ◽

Marta Włodarczyk ◽

Magdalena Zgliczyńska ◽

Krzysztof Łukaszuk ◽

Błażej Męczekalski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Phase Reaction ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. The incidence of UFs has been estimated at 25–80% depending on selected population. The pathophysiology of UFs remains poorly understood. The transformation of smooth muscle cells of the uterus into abnormal, immortal cells, capable of clonal division, is the main component of all pathways leading to UF tumor formation and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is believed to be one of the key factors in this field. TNF-α is a cell signaling protein involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines responsible for the acute phase reaction. This publication presents current data about the role of tumor necrosis factor α in the biology of UFs and the related symptoms. TNF-α is an extremely important cytokine associated with the biology of UFs, UF-related symptoms and complaints. Its concentration has been proven to be elevated in women with clinically symptomatic UFs. The presented data suggest the presence of an “inflammation-like” state in women with UFs where TNF-α is a potent inflammation inducer. The origin of numerous symptoms reported by women with UFs can be traced back to the TNF-α influence. Nevertheless, our knowledge on this subject remains limited and TNF-α dependent pathways in UF pathophysiology should be investigated further.

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Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Galectins 1, 3 and 9 in Ovarian Epithelial Neoplasms

Clinical Oncology and Research ◽

10.31487/j.cor.2020.02.02 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Renata Margarida Etchebehere ◽

Ana Cristina da Rocha Duque ◽

Cléber Sérgio da Silva ◽

Eddie Fernando Candido Murta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Neoplasms ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Exact Test ◽

Ovarian Epithelial Tumors ◽

Ovarian Carcinogenesis ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelial

Ovarian neoplasms are among the most common in the female genital tract and often have delayed diagnosis. Tumor progression involves signalling proteins called galectins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of galectins “1”, “3” and “9” in the ovarian surface epithelial neoplasia. A retrospective study involving 62 ovarian epithelial tumors (benign and non-benign) was performed with immunohistochemical polymer technique and antibodies against galectin “1”, “3” and “9”. Expression in epithelium and stroma was analysed semi-quantitatively. Fisher’s exact test was performed for statistical analysis. Galectin-“1” and “3” were strongly expressed in non-benign tumors of the epithelium. Non-benign neoplasms showed increased stromal expression of galectin-1 and increased epithelial expression of galectin-“3”. The significant increase in expression of galectin-1 and -3 in the epithelium of non- benign ovarian neoplasms suggests the participation of these galectins in ovarian carcinogenesis. We observed increased stromal expression of galectin-“1” and epithelial expression of galectin-“3” in non-benign ovarian neoplasms. These findings contribute to knowledge about the role of these galectins in the growth and spread of ovarian cancer.

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Uterine fibroids: the role of signaling pathways in the pathogenesis. A literature review

Journal of obstetrics and women s diseases ◽

10.17816/jowd695113-124 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽

Nikolay I. Polenov ◽

Vladislava V. Kunitsa

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Enzyme Regulation ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Molecular Medicine ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Modern Level

Uterine fibroids are one of the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system, originating from smooth muscle cells of the cervix or uterine body. The controversial issues of the pathogenesis of the disease make equal the various theories of its development and approaches to therapy. To date, there is no single and unambiguous opinion on the causes of the onset and recurrence of uterine fibroids, but thanks to the modern level of molecular medicine, much progress has been made in the study of hormonal and molecular genetic mechanisms of the initiation, formation and growth of the myoma node. The aim of this work was to review the modern aspects of the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. We analyzed book chapters, original and review articles deposited in the PubMed database and related to the study of the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids from 2000 to 2019. This review presents modern data on the role of sex steroid hormones and their enzyme regulation, as well as growth factors and vitamin D in the pathogenesis of the disease. Particular attention was paid to signaling pathways involved in the regulation of basic cellular processes, in the onset and progression of the disease. It was noted that the activation of signaling pathways such as Wnt / -catenin, MAPK / ERK, and TGF- / SMAD plays a significant role in the development of uterine fibroids. Further study of the pathogenesis of the disease is needed for new strategies to design targeted therapy of uterine leiomyoma.

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Vitamins and Uterine Fibroids: Current Data on Pathophysiology and Possible Clinical Relevance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5528

Author(s):

Michał Ciebiera ◽

Mohamed Ali ◽

Magdalena Zgliczyńska ◽

Maciej Skrzypczak ◽

Ayman Al-Hendy

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Potential Role ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Current Data ◽

Genetic Studies ◽

Uterine Smooth Muscle ◽

Common Benign Tumor ◽

Tumor Pathology

Uterine fibroid (UF) is the most common benign tumor pathology of the female reproductive organs. UFs constitute the main reason for a hysterectomy and hospitalization due to gynecological conditions. UFs consist of uterine smooth muscle immersed in a large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM). Genetic studies have demonstrated that UFs are monoclonal tumors originating from the myometrial stem cells that have underwent specific molecular changes to tumor initiating stem cells which proliferate and differentiate later under the influence of steroid hormones. There is growing interest in the role of micronutrients, for example, vitamins, in UFs. This article is a comprehensive review of publications regarding the available data concerning the role of vitamins in the biology and management of UFs. In summary, the results showed that some vitamins are important in the biology and pathophysiology of UFs. For example, vitamins A and D deserve particular attention following studies of their influence on the treatment of UF tumors. Vitamins B3, C, and E have not been as widely studied as the abovementioned vitamins. However, more research could reveal their potential role in UF biology.

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Od kultury popularnej do geopolityki popularnej

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica ◽

10.24917/10.24917/20813333.22.4 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 22 (297) ◽

pp. 53-66

Author(s):

Jarosław Macała

Keyword(s):

Popular Culture ◽

Mass Media ◽

Research Methods ◽

Research Area ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Starting Point ◽

The World ◽

Cultural Order ◽

Popular Geopolitics

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Modern methods of treating rosacea

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2019-1-7(382)-65-71 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

O. A. Egorova ◽

K. A. Novikov

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Current Data ◽

Trigger Factors ◽

Laser Technology ◽

Individual Approach ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Methods Of Treatment ◽

Choice Of Therapy

Presented current data on the etiology of rosacea, the main aspects of pathogenesis, clinical forms of the disease. Reflects trigger factors leading to rosacea, as well as complicating its course. Modern methods of treatment are described, including the use of new safe preparations of ivermectin and brimonidine, providing a good, lasting effect of clinical manifestations of rosacea. The role of laser technology, actively occupying a leading place in the choice of physiotherapeutic treatment method, is noted. The need for an individual approach in the choice of therapy for each patient with rosacea is emphasized.

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INTERPRETATION OF SINO-RUSSIAN CULTURE AND HUMANITIES COOPERATION IN THE NEW ERA

Sociopolitical sciences ◽

10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-3-186-193 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 186-193

Author(s):

REN YANYAN ◽

Keyword(s):

Current Status ◽

Human Relations ◽

New Era ◽

Russian Culture ◽

The People ◽

Starting Point ◽

Cooperative Partnership ◽

Belt And Road ◽

The Belt And Road

The friendship between nations lies in the mutual affinity of the people, and the people’s affinity lies in the communion of hearts. The cultural and humanities cooperation between China and Russia has a long history. In recent years, under the role of the“Belt and Road” initiative, the SCO, and the Sino-Russian Humanities Cooperation Committee, Sino-Russian culture and humanities cooperation has continued to deepen. Entering a new era, taking the opportunity to promote Sino-Russian relations into a “new era China-Russia comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership”, the development of human relations between the two countries has entered a new historical starting point, while also facing a series of problems and challenges. This article is based on the current status of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, interprets the characteristics of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, analyzes the problems and challenges of Sino-Russian human relations in the new era, and tries to propose solutions and solutions with a view to further developing Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era. It is a useful reference, and provides a reference for future related research, and ultimately helps the Sino-Russian cultural and humanities relations in the new era to be stable and far-reaching.

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