Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Galectins 1, 3 and 9 in Ovarian Epithelial Neoplasms

Ovarian neoplasms are among the most common in the female genital tract and often have delayed diagnosis. Tumor progression involves signalling proteins called galectins. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of galectins “1”, “3” and “9” in the ovarian surface epithelial neoplasia. A retrospective study involving 62 ovarian epithelial tumors (benign and non-benign) was performed with immunohistochemical polymer technique and antibodies against galectin “1”, “3” and “9”. Expression in epithelium and stroma was analysed semi-quantitatively. Fisher’s exact test was performed for statistical analysis. Galectin-“1” and “3” were strongly expressed in non-benign tumors of the epithelium. Non-benign neoplasms showed increased stromal expression of galectin-1 and increased epithelial expression of galectin-“3”. The significant increase in expression of galectin-1 and -3 in the epithelium of non- benign ovarian neoplasms suggests the participation of these galectins in ovarian carcinogenesis. We observed increased stromal expression of galectin-“1” and epithelial expression of galectin-“3” in non-benign ovarian neoplasms. These findings contribute to knowledge about the role of these galectins in the growth and spread of ovarian cancer.

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Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and its Impacts on Survival

10.21203/rs.2.22594/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Min Yin ◽

Aiping Chen ◽

Fei Zhao ◽

Xuechao Ji ◽

Chuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽

Human Cytomegalovirus ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Early Protein ◽

Ovarian Carcinogenesis ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

Abstract Background: The cause of epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is not elucidated. It has been proved that infectious agents could contribute to ovarian carcinogenesis. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in several types of tumors. Objective: To investigate the potential role of HCMV infection in EOC, we evaluated the prevalence of HCMV proteins in EOC tissue sections and its impacts on patients’ survival. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 66 patients with EOC and 30 patients with benign ovarian cystadenoma were studied. Specimens were detected for expression of HCMV immediate-early protein (IE) and HCMV tegument protein (pp65) by immunohistochemistry. Results: HCMV-IE protein expression was detected in 82% of EOC and 36% of benign tumors; pp65 was detected in 97% of EOC and 63% of benign tumors. Extensive expression of HCMV-IE protein was associated with higher stage of EOC. Reactivation of latent HCMV within the tumor at interval debulking surery may be induced by neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery. Extensive HCMV-IE expression was associated with shorter median overall survival than focal or negative expression (39 versus 41 months, P = 0.03). Conclusions: This study demonstrate a high prevalence of HCMV proteins in tissue sections from patients with EOC. HCMV infections can be potential risks for EOC development. The relationship between HCMV and clinical outcomes highlight the need for further researches on the oncomodulatory role of HCMV in ovarian cancer.

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Clinico pathological study of ovarian neoplasms

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173459 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3438

Author(s):

Lina Baru ◽

Ranjita Patnaik ◽

Kunja Bihari Singh

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Neoplasms ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Metastatic Tumor ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Age Group ◽

Abdominal Symptoms

Background: Ovarian tumors are common form of neoplasm in women and account for 30% of female genital tract cancers. Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancy. Due to inefficient diagnosis/prognosis strategies mainly due to the lack of specific symptoms at the initial stage of the disease about 70% cases diagnose at advanced stage when the metastatic tumor has acquired drug resistant phenotype.Methods: Prospective study of two years duration with sample of 108 cases of simple oophorectomy and hysterectomy with unilateral or bilateral salpingo oophorectomy specimens are included in this study.Results: Maximum cases were in the age group of 21 to 45 years. Mean age of presentation was 42.84 years (benign tumors), 46.66years (Borderline tumors) and 32.6 years (malignant tumors). Epithelial ovarian tumors are the commonest and constituted 78.7% of all ovarian tumors. In present study 40.74% were benign, 2.78% were borderline and 56.48% were malignant ovarian tumors.Conclusions: Most of the ovarian neoplasms presented in the reproductive age group but ovarian malignancy can occur at all age group and abdominal symptoms are the only clue for the diagnosis of the disease. There is no definite universal screening protocol yet, for malignant ovarian tumors however abdominal symptoms supported by tumor markers like serum CA-125 and ultrasound of abdomen and pelvis with Doppler may be yardstick for early diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumor.

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The Role of miRNA and Related Pathways in Pathophysiology of Uterine Fibroids—From Bench to Bedside

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21083016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 3016

Author(s):

Michał Ciebiera ◽

Marta Włodarczyk ◽

Stanisław Zgliczyński ◽

Tomasz Łoziński ◽

Klaudia Walczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Care ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Uterine Fibroids ◽

Research Area ◽

Current Data ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Ribonucleic Acids ◽

Starting Point ◽

Immortal Cells

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of the female genital tract. Their prevalence usually is estimated at 30–40%, but may reach up to 70–80% in predisposed groups of women. UFs may cause various clinical issues which might constitute the major reason of the overall deterioration of the quality of life. The mechanisms leading to UFs formation and growth still remain poorly understood. The transformation of smooth muscle cells of the uterus into abnormal, immortal cells, capable of clonal division, is thought to be a starting point of all pathways leading to UF formation. Micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNAs about 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression. One of recent advances in this field is the comprehension of the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis. Alterations in the levels of miRNAs are related to the formation and growth of several tumors which show a distinct miRNA signature. The aim of this review is to summarize the current data about the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of UFs. We also discuss future directions in the miRNA research area with an emphasis on novel diagnostic opportunities or patient-tailored therapies. In our opinion data concerning the regulation of miRNA and its gene targets in the UFs are still insufficient in comparison with gynecological malignancies. The potential translational use of miRNA and derived technologies in the clinical care is at the early phase and needs far more evidence. However, it is one of the main areas of interest for the future as the use of miRNAs in the diagnostics and treatment of UFs is a new and exciting opportunity.

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p53, c-erbB2, and PCNA Status in Benign, Proliferative, and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Neoplasms

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/1999-123-0310-pceaps ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 310-316

Author(s):

Michael B. Anreder ◽

Scott M. Freeman ◽

Athir Merogi ◽

Susan Halabi ◽

Aizen J. Marrogi

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Neoplasms ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Malignant Potential ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Proliferative Index ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Ovarian Surface ◽

Low Malignant Potential ◽

Ovarian Surface Epithelial

Abstract Low malignant potential tumors of the ovary are believed to behave in a manner intermediate to their benign and malignant counterparts. However, recent evidence suggests these lesions are in fact benign and better classified as proliferative. Based on our previous work and evaluating p53, c-erbB2, and PCNA status in a full spectrum of ovarian surface epithelial tumors, with emphasis on low malignant potential tumors, we tested this hypothesis. Immunohistochemical stains with monoclonal antibodies were used on 75 archival ovarian neoplasms. The results demonstrated anti-p53 reactivity in 30 carcinomas (40%), 2 of which were proliferative, and no reactivity in the benign tumors. Overexpression of c-erbB2 was seen in 31 malignant neoplasms (64.5%), 4 of which were proliferative (22.1%), and none in benign tumors. The PCNA proliferative index showed means of 42.8%, 22.8%, and 14.9% with benign, low malignant potential, and malignant tumors, respectively. Predicting immunoreactivity in carcinomas for anti-PCNA (Student t test), anti-p53, and anti–c-erbB2 (Pearson χ2 test) versus a lack of immunoreactivity in proliferative tumors indicate P values of .001, <.001, and <.001, respectively. These data show significant differences in the expression of these markers in ovarian tumors and suggest a possible role for these oncogenes as supplemental tools in diagnostic pathology. Further, our findings also support the designation of proliferative as opposed to the current nomenclature of low malignant potential tumors.

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Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20191072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 71-72

Author(s):

Naseer Ahmed ◽

Masooma Naseem ◽

Javeria Farooq

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Protective Role ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Consequent Increase ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

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Galectin-3 in Heart Failure – Linking Fibrosis, Remodelling and Progression

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2010.6.2.33 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Christopher R deFilippi ◽

G Michael Felker ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽

Heart Failure Patients ◽

Large Populations ◽

Galectin 3

For many with heart failure, including the elderly and those with a preserved ejection fraction, both risk stratification and treatment are challenging. For these large populations and others there is increasing recognition of the role of cardiac fibrosis in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Galectin-3 is a novel biomarker of fibrosis and cardiac remodelling that represents an intriguing link between inflammation and fibrosis. In this article we review the biology of galectin-3, recent clinical research and its application in the management of heart failure patients.

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Association of cervical carcinogenesis risk with HPV16 E6 and E7 variants in the Taizhou area, China

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08531-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mei-Zhen Dai ◽

Yi Qiu ◽

Xing-Hong Di ◽

Wei-Wu Shi ◽

Hui-Hui Xu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Hpv16 E6 ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

E6 And E7

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for a larger share of cervical cancer and has been a major health problem worldwide for decades. The progression of initial infection to cervical cancer has been linked to viral sequence properties; however, the role of HPV16 variants in the risk of cervical carcinogenesis, especially with longitudinal follow-up, is not fully understood in China. Methods We aimed to investigate the genetic variability of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes in isolates from cervical exfoliated cells. Between December 2012 and December 2014, a total of 310 single HPV16-positive samples were selected from women living in the Taizhou area, China. Sequences of all E6 and E7 oncogenes were analysed by PCR-sequencing assay. Detailed sequence comparison, genetic heterogeneity analyses and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree construction were performed with BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor and MEGA X software. Data for cytology tests and histological diagnoses were obtained from our Taizhou Area Study with longitudinal follow-up for at least 5 years. The relationship between HPV16 variants and cervical carcinogenesis risk was analysed by the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Results In this study, we obtained 64 distinct variation patterns with the accession GenBank numbers MT681266-MT681329. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 98.3% of HPV16 variants belong to lineage A, in which the A4 (Asian) sublineage was dominant (64.8%), followed by A2 (12.1%), A1 (11.4%), and A3 (10.0%). The A4 (Asian) sublineage had a higher risk of CIN2+ than the A1–3 (European) sublineages (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.04–6.97, P < 0.05). Furthermore, nucleotide variation in HPV16 E6 T178G is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Conclusion These data could provide novel insights into the role of HPV16 variants in cervical carcinogenesis risk in China.

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Could MicroRNAs Be Useful Tools to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecological Cancers? A Brief Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22083822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 3822

Author(s):

Riccardo Di Fiore ◽

Sherif Suleiman ◽

Francesca Pentimalli ◽

Sharon A. O’Toole ◽

John J. O’Leary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Genital Tract ◽

Germ Cell Tumors ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Gene Promoters ◽

Gynecological Cancers ◽

High Incidence ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Diagnosis Therapy ◽

Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

Gynecological cancers pose an important public health issue, with a high incidence among women of all ages. Gynecological cancers such as malignant germ-cell tumors, sex-cord-stromal tumors, uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, vulvar carcinoma and melanoma of the female genital tract, are defined as rare with an annual incidence of <6 per 100,000 women. Rare gynecological cancers (RGCs) are associated with poor prognosis, and given the low incidence of each entity, there is the risk of delayed diagnosis due to clinical inexperience and limited therapeutic options. There has been a growing interest in the field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides in length, because of their potential to regulate diverse biological processes. miRNAs usually induce mRNA degradation and translational repression by interacting with the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target mRNAs, as well as other regions and gene promoters, as well as activating translation or regulating transcription under certain conditions. Recent research has revealed the enormous promise of miRNAs for improving the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of all major gynecological cancers. However, to date, only a few studies have been performed on RGCs. In this review, we summarize the data currently available regarding RGCs.

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Role of CA 19-9 in complex ovarian tumors

10.1055/s-0039-1685299 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Dhanya S. Thomas ◽

Ajit Sebastian ◽

Vinotha Thomas ◽

Anitha Thomas ◽

Rachel Chandy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malignant Tumors ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Ovarian Mass ◽

Radiological Findings ◽

Epithelial Tumors ◽

Mucin Glycoprotein ◽

Glycoprotein Antigen ◽

Mucinous Tumours

Background: Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor-associated mucin glycoprotein antigen that may be elevated in healthy individuals as well as in patients with benign and malignant tumors. It is useful in the management of pancreatic and other gastrointestinal tumors. CA 19-9 is also elevated in benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Aim: To study the pattern of serum CA19-9 in complex ovarian tumors. Methods: The study design was descriptive, based on data collected from medical records. Patients with a complex ovarian mass, who were investigated with CA 19-9 and had undergone surgery, wereincluded in the study. The study duration was 2 years from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 273 patients (119 - benign and 154 malignant) with complex ovarian mass and elevated CA 19-9 underwent surgery during the study period. Results: CA 19-9 was elevated in 55 patients (20%). Of these, 23 patients had benign tumors while 32 had malignant tumors.Among patients with benign tumors, 21 had dermoid, 23 had mucinous tumors and 75 had other types of tumors. CA 19-9 was elevated in 10 (47.6%) of the dermoids, 7 (30.4%) of the mucinous tumors and 6 (8%) of the other benign tumors. Among patients with malignant tumors, 138 were epithelial and 16 were non epithelial tumors. Of the epithelial tumors, 31 were mucinous and 107 were non mucinous types. Overall, 29 (21%) had elevated CA 19-9. Of the epithelial tumors, 22.6% of the mucinous type and 20.6% of the non mucinous type had elevated CA 19-9. Among the non-epithelial tumors, 3 (18.8%) had elevated CA19-9. Conclusion: CA 19-9 is elevated in several conditions but most likely to be raised in dermoid cysts and mucinous tumours. CA19-9 levels need to be interpreted along with clinical and radiological findings.

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Leadership and Motivation as Important Aspects of the International Company’s Corporate Culture

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3916

Author(s):

Ingrida Košičiarová ◽

Zdenka Kádeková ◽

Peter Štarchoň

Keyword(s):

Corporate Culture ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Main Research ◽

Leadership Motivation ◽

Kendall Rank Correlation ◽

Friedman's Test ◽

Chi Square Test

Although the issue of corporate culture has been taken over and addressed in the literature from various perspectives, there are very few researchers about the role of leadership and motivation in it, respectively very few researchers have addressed them as important components of the international company’s corporate culture. The present paper aims to point out that leadership and motivation can be perceived as important aspects of the international company’s corporate culture. The object of the investigation was an international company (situated in Italy) and its five subsidiaries (situated in Italy, Czech Republic, Germany, and Turkey). As the main research method, there was chosen the method of the questionnaire survey, which was attempted by all the company’s employees (totally 270 respondents). The questionnaire was divided into three separate, but logically related parts—leadership, motivation, and corporate culture, and submitted to two groups of respondents—the company’s management and its employees. In total 11 hypotheses were formulated and further evaluated by the methods of Pearson Chi-square Test, Fisher’s Exact Test, Cramer’s V coefficient, Kendall rank correlation coefficient, Eta coefficient, Spearman coefficient, Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon W statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Friedman’s test. The results of the research have proven that leadership and motivation are important parts of the corporate culture.

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