The Glycine- and Proline-Rich Protein AtGPRP3 Negatively Regulates Plant Growth in Arabidopsis

Glycine- and proline-rich proteins (GPRPs) comprise a small conserved family that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. GPRPs are relatively short peptides (<200 amino acids) that contain three typical domains, including an N-terminal XYPP-repeat domain, a middle hydrophobic domain rich in alanine, and a C-terminal HGK-repeat domain. These proteins have been proposed to play fundamental roles in plant growth and environmental adaptation, but their functions remain unknown. In this study, we selected an Arabidopsis GPRP (AtGPRP3) to profile the physiological role of GPRPs. Transcripts of AtGPRP3 could be detected in the whole Arabidopsis plant, but greater amounts were found in the rosette, followed by the cauline. The AtGPRP3::GFP fusion protein was mainly localized in the nucleus. The overexpression and knockout of AtGPRP3, respectively, retarded and accelerated the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings, while the increase in the growth rate of atgprp3 plants was offset by the complementary expression of AtGPRP3. CAT2 and CAT3, but not CAT1, interacted with AtGPRP3 in the nuclei of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The knockout of CAT2 by CRISPR-Cas9 retarded the growth of the Arabidopsis seedlings. Together, our data suggest that AtGPRP3 negatively regulates plant growth, potentially through CAT2 and CAT3.

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l-Aspartate: An Essential Metabolite for Plant Growth and Stress Acclimation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071887 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1887

Author(s):

Mei Han ◽

Can Zhang ◽

Peter Suglo ◽

Shuyue Sun ◽

Mingyao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Cell Compartments ◽

Stress Acclimation ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Glycolysis Pathway ◽

Acid Pathway

L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis pathway intermediates, and hormones, which are vital for growth and defense. In animals and humans, lines of data have proved that Asp is indispensable for cell proliferation. However, in plants, despite the extensive study of the Asp family amino acid pathway, little attention has been paid to the function of Asp through the other numerous pathways. This review aims to elucidate the most important aspects of Asp in plants, from biosynthesis to catabolism and the role of Asp and its metabolic derivatives in response to changing environmental conditions. It considers the distribution of Asp in various cell compartments and the change of Asp level, and its significance in the whole plant under various stresses. Moreover, it provides evidence of the interconnection between Asp and phytohormones, which have prominent functions in plant growth, development, and defense. The updated information will help improve our understanding of the physiological role of Asp and Asp-borne metabolic fluxes, supporting the modular operation of these networks.

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Physiological role of phenolic biostimulants isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima on plant growth and development

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-015-2256-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 241 (6) ◽

pp. 1313-1324 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Adeyemi O. Aremu ◽

Nqobile A. Masondo ◽

Kannan R. R. Rengasamy ◽

Stephen O. Amoo ◽

Jiří Gruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Brown Seaweed ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Ecklonia Maxima

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Relief Role of Lysine Chelated Zinc (Zn) on 6-Week-Old Maize Plants under Tannery Wastewater Irrigation Stress

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17145161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 5161

Author(s):

Rehan Ahmad ◽

Wajid Ishaque ◽

Mumtaz Khan ◽

Umair Ashraf ◽

Muhammad Atif Riaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Organic Load ◽

Maize Plants

Tannery wastewater mainly comes from leather industries. It has high organic load, high salinity, and many other pollutants, including chromium (Cr). Tannery wastewater is generally used for crop irrigation in some areas of Pakistan and worldwide, due to the low availability of good quality of irrigation water. As tannery wastewater has many nutrients in it, its lower concentration benefits the plant growth, but at a higher concentration, it damages the plants. Chromium in tannery wastewater accumulates in plants, and causes stress at physiological and biochemical levels. In recent times, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelated compounds has been found to be helpful in reducing abiotic stress in plants. In our present study, we used lysine chelated zinc (Zn-lys) as foliar application on maize (Zea mays L.), growing in different concentrations of tannery wastewater. Zinc (Zn) is required by plants for growth, and lysine is an essential amino acid. Maize plants were grown in tannery wastewater in four concentrations (0, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and Zn-lys was applied as a foliar spray in three concentrations (0 mM, 12.5 mM, and 25 mM) during plant growth. Plants were cautiously harvested right after 6 weeks of treatment. Foliar spray of Zn-lys on maize increased the biomass and improved the plant growth. Photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and contents of carotenoids also increased with Zn-lys application. In contrast to control plants, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were increased up to 12%, 50%, and 68% in leaves, as well as 16%, 51% and 89% in roots at 25%, 50%, and 100% tannery water application, respectively, without Zn-lys treatments. Zn-lys significantly reduced the damages caused by oxidative stress in maize plant by decreasing the overproduction of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize that were produced, due to the application of high amount of tannery wastewater alone. The total free amino acids and soluble protein decreased by 10%, 31% and 64% and 18%, 61% and 122% at 25%, 50% and 100% tannery water treatment. Zn-lys application increased the amino acids production and antioxidant activities in maize plants. Zn contents increased, and Cr contents decreased, in different parts of plants with Zn-lys application. Overall, a high concentration of tannery wastewater adversely affected the plant growth, but the supplementation of Zn-lys assertively affected the plant growth and enhanced the nutritional quality, by enhancing Zn and decreasing Cr levels in plants simultaneously irrigated with tannery wastewater.

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Key role of l-alanine in the control of hepatic protein synthesis

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2410491 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 241 (2) ◽

pp. 491-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

D Pérez-Sala ◽

R Parrilla ◽

M S Ayuso

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Chain Elongation ◽

Liver Protein ◽

Isolated Liver Cells ◽

Metabolic Transformation ◽

Hepatic Protein Synthesis

We investigated the effects of administration of single amino acids to starved rats on the regulation of protein synthesis in the liver. Of all the amino acids tested, only alanine, ornithine and proline promoted statistically significant increases in the extent of hepatic polyribosome aggregation. The most effective of these was alanine, whose effect of promoting polyribosomal aggregation was accompanied by a decrease in the polypeptide-chain elongation time. The following observations indicate that alanine plays an important physiological role in the regulation of hepatic protein synthesis. Alanine was the amino acid showing the largest decrease in hepatic content in the transition from high (fed) to low (starved) rates of protein synthesis. The administration of glucose or pyruvate is also effective in increasing liver protein synthesis in starved rats, and their effects were accompanied by an increased hepatic alanine content. An increase in hepatic ornithine content does not lead to an increased protein synthesis, unless it is accompanied by an increase of alanine. The effect of alanine is observed either in vivo, in rats pretreated with cycloserine to prevent its transamination, or in isolated liver cells under conditions in which its metabolic transformation is fully impeded.

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Physiological Role of Humic Acid and Nicotinamide on Improving Plant Growth, Yield, and Mineral Nutrient of Wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i>) Grown under Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soil

Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.4236/as.2014.58072 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 05 (08) ◽

pp. 687-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hala Safwat Mohamed El-Bassiouny ◽

Bakry Ahmed Bakry ◽

Amany Abd El-Monem Attia ◽

Maha Mohamed Abd Allah

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Triticum Durum ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Mineral Nutrient

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Fate of uptaken host proteins in Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20180636 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeanette Flores-Bautista ◽

José Navarrete-Perea ◽

Gladis Fragoso ◽

Ana Flisser ◽

Xavier Soberón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Host Proteins ◽

Taenia Crassiceps ◽

The Matrix ◽

Host Parasite

During the study of host–parasite relationships in taeniid parasite diseases, including cysticercosis and hydatidosis, reports have described the presence of host proteins in the cyst fluid and tissue of metacestodes. However, the fate or role of host elements inside the parasite remains barely explored. After the publication of genomes of four cestode species, it became clear that these organisms possess a limited biosynthetic capability. The initial goal of the present study was to determine if uptaken host proteins could be a source of essential amino acids for cysticerci. To track the utilization of uptaken proteins, we added metabolically labeled IgG-3H and GFP-3H to the culture medium of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Incorporation of labeled amino acid was evaluated by fluorography in cysticerci extracts. Our results showed that the use of uptaken proteins by cysticerci as a source of amino acids appeared negligible. Exploring alternative fates for the host proteins, proteomic analysis of the protein matrix in calcareous corpuscles was carried out. Since T. crassiceps does not contain calcareous corpuscles, proteomic analyses were performed in corpuscles of Taenia solium cysticerci. Our results demonstrated that host proteins represented approximately 70% of protein content in the calcareous corpuscles. The presence of the two major uptaken host proteins, namely albumin and IgG, was also demonstrated by Western blot in the matrix of corpuscles. Our findings strongly suggested that the uptake and disposal of host proteins involve calcareous corpuscles, expanding the physiological role of these mineral concretions to a far more important level than previously proposed.

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The Role of free sugars and amino acids in the regulation of biomass partitioning and plant growth

Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_39 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 211-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jan Buysse ◽

Erik Smolders ◽

Roel Merckx

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Biomass Partitioning ◽

Free Sugars

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Effect of pentagastrin and gastrin-17 on the secretory function of the gastric glands

Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology ◽

10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-195-11-75-78 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 75-78

Author(s):

M. A. Zhuraeva ◽

V. A. Aleynik ◽

N. D. Ashuralieva ◽

D. S. Kholikova

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Physiological Role ◽

The Body ◽

Short Chain ◽

Molecular Forms ◽

Secretory Function ◽

Gastric Glands ◽

Digestive Glands

The regulation of the digestive glands of the stomach and pancreas in the body of animals and humans is provided by peptides, most of which are in various molecular forms. 10 molecular forms of peptides of the gastrin group and 5 peptides of the cholecystokinin (CCK) group have been identiﬁed, containing in their structure from 4 to 56 amino acids, the physiological role of which has been little studied. It has been proven that the liver removes up to 85% of short-chain peptides of the gastrin (pentagastrin) and cholecystokinin (CCK-8) groups.

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Molecular and Physiological Role of the Trehalose-Hydrolyzing α-Glucosidase from Thermus thermophilus HB27

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.01794-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 190 (7) ◽

pp. 2298-2305 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Susana Alarico ◽

Milton S. da Costa ◽

Nuno Empadinhas

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Minimal Medium ◽

Thermus Thermophilus ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Hydrolytic Activity ◽

Recombinant Enzyme ◽

New Feature ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Reciprocal Replacement

ABSTRACT Trehalose supports the growth of Thermus thermophilus strain HB27, but the absence of obvious genes for the hydrolysis of this disaccharide in the genome led us to search for enzymes for such a purpose. We expressed a putative α-glucosidase gene (TTC0107), characterized the recombinant enzyme, and found that the preferred substrate was α,α-1,1-trehalose, a new feature among α-glucosidases. The enzyme could also hydrolyze the disaccharides kojibiose and sucrose (α-1,2 linkage), nigerose and turanose (α-1,3), leucrose (α-1,5), isomaltose and palatinose (α-1,6), and maltose (α-1,4) to a lesser extent. Trehalose was not, however, a substrate for the highly homologous α-glucosidase from T. thermophilus strain GK24. The reciprocal replacement of a peptide containing eight amino acids in the α-glucosidases from strains HB27 (LGEHNLPP) and GK24 (EPTAYHTL) reduced the ability of the former to hydrolyze trehalose and provided trehalose-hydrolytic activity to the latter, showing that LGEHNLPP is necessary for trehalose recognition. Furthermore, disruption of the α-glucosidase gene significantly affected the growth of T. thermophilus HB27 in minimal medium supplemented with trehalose, isomaltose, sucrose, or palatinose, to a lesser extent with maltose, but not with cellobiose (not a substrate for the α-glucosidase), indicating that the α-glucosidase is important for the assimilation of those four disaccharides but that it is also implicated in maltose catabolism.

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