Immunomodulatory Role of Microbial Surfactants, with Special Emphasis on Fish

Microbial surfactants (biosurfactants) are a broad category of surface-active biomolecules with multifunctional properties. They self-assemble in aqueous solutions and are adsorbed on various interfaces, causing a decrease in surface tension, as well as interfacial tension, solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, and low critical micellization concentrations. Microbial biosurfactants have been investigated and applied in several fields, including bioremediation, biodegradation, food industry, and cosmetics. Biosurfactants also exhibit anti-microbial, anti-biofilm, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activities. Recently, it has been reported that biosurfactants can increase the immune responses and disease resistance of fish. Among various microbial surfactants, lipopeptides, glycolipids, and phospholipids are predominantly investigated. This review presents the various immunological activities of biosurfactants, mainly glycolipids and lipopeptides. The applications of biosurfactants in aquaculture, as well as their immunomodulatory activities, that make them novel therapeutic candidates have been also discussed in this review.

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The Role of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in Regulating Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Thoracic Cancer

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines6040114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ping-Chih Hsu ◽

Cheng-Ta Yang ◽

David Jablons ◽

Liang You

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Checkpoint ◽

T Cell Tolerance ◽

Programmed Death Ligand 1 ◽

Programmed Death ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Thoracic Cancer ◽

Future Work ◽

Human Nsclc

The programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)/PD-1 pathway is an immunological checkpoint in cancer cells. The binding of PD-L1 and PD-1 promotes T-cell tolerance and helps tumor cells escape from host immunity. Immunotherapy targeting the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has been developed as an anti-cancer therapy and used in treating advanced human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key mediator of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, and plays important roles in promoting cancer development, drug resistance and metastasis in human NSCLC and MPM. YAP has been suggested as a new therapeutic target in NSCLC and MPM. The role of YAP in regulating tumor immunity such as PD-L1 expression has just begun to be explored, and the correlation between YAP-induced tumorigenesis and host anti-tumor immune responses is not well known. Here, we review recent studies investigating the correlation between YAP and PD-L1 and demonstrating the mechanism by which YAP regulates PD-L1 expression in human NSCLC and MPM. Future work should focus on the interactions between Hippo/YAP signaling pathways and the immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD-1 pathway. The development of new synergistic drugs for immune checkpoint PD-L1/PD-1 blockade in NSCLC and MPM is warranted.

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Clinically Relevant Immune Responses against Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Precision Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20081986 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joana R. Lérias ◽

Georgia Paraschoudi ◽

Inês Silva ◽

João Martins ◽

Eric de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Bystander Effect ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Immune Reactivity ◽

Immune Correlates ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Tumour Rejection ◽

Infiltrating Lymphocytes

Immune responses to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be used to assess immune fitness in an individual. Further to its clinical significance in posttransplantation settings, emerging clinical and translational studies provide examples of immune correlates of protection pertaining to anti-CMV immune responses in the context of cancer or infectious diseases, e.g., tuberculosis. In this viewpoint, we provide a brief overview about CMV-directed immune reactivity and immune fitness in a clinical context and incorporate some of our own findings obtained from peripheral blood or tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from patients with advanced cancer. Observations in patients with solid cancers whose lesions contain both CMV and tumour antigen-specific T-cell subsets are highlighted, due to a possible CMV-associated “bystander” effect in amplifying local inflammation and subsequent tumour rejection. The role of tumour-associated antibodies recognising diverse CMV-derived epitopes is also discussed in light of anti-cancer immune responses. We discuss here the use of anti-CMV immune responses as a theranostic tool—combining immunodiagnostics with a personalised therapeutic potential—to improve treatment outcomes in oncological indications.

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The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of impaired diabetic wound healing: A novel therapeutic target?

Medical Hypotheses ◽

10.1016/j.mehy.2007.02.040 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1029-1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

T. Laing ◽

R. Hanson ◽

F. Chan ◽

D. Bouchier-Hayes

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Therapeutic Target ◽

Diabetic Wound ◽

Diabetic Wound Healing ◽

Novel Therapeutic

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Dissecting the microenvironment around biosynthetic scaffolds in murine skin wound healing

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abf0787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (22) ◽

pp. eabf0787

Author(s):

Chen Hu ◽

Chenyu Chu ◽

Li Liu ◽

Chenbing Wang ◽

Shue Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Time Course ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Cellular Heterogeneity ◽

Cell Behavior ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Electrospun Membranes

The structural properties of biomaterials play crucial roles in guiding cell behavior and influencing immune responses against the material. We fabricated electrospun membranes with three types of surface topography (random, aligned, and latticed), introduced them to dorsal skin excisional wounds in mice and rats, and evaluated their effects on wound healing and immunomodulatory properties. An overview of different immune cells in the microenvironment with the help of single-cell RNA sequencing revealed diverse cellular heterogeneity in vivo. The time course of immune response was advanced toward an adaptive immunity–dominant stage by the aligned scaffold. In mice without mature T lymphocytes, lack of wound-induced hair neogenesis indicated a regulatory role of T cells on hair follicle regeneration. The microenvironment around scaffolds involved an intricate interplay of immune and cutaneous cells.

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Mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 modulates macrophage polarization and stiffness sensing

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23482-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamza Atcha ◽

Amit Jairaman ◽

Jesse R. Holt ◽

Vijaykumar S. Meli ◽

Raji R. Nagalla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Positive Feedback ◽

Macrophage Activation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Subcutaneous Implantation

AbstractMacrophages perform diverse functions within tissues during immune responses to pathogens and injury, but molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue regulate macrophage behavior are less well understood. Here, we examine the role of the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 in macrophage polarization and sensing of microenvironmental stiffness. We show that macrophages lacking Piezo1 exhibit reduced inflammation and enhanced wound healing responses. Additionally, macrophages expressing the transgenic Ca2+ reporter, Salsa6f, reveal that Ca2+ influx is dependent on Piezo1, modulated by soluble signals, and enhanced on stiff substrates. Furthermore, stiffness-dependent changes in macrophage function, both in vitro and in response to subcutaneous implantation of biomaterials in vivo, require Piezo1. Finally, we show that positive feedback between Piezo1 and actin drives macrophage activation. Together, our studies reveal that Piezo1 is a mechanosensor of stiffness in macrophages, and that its activity modulates polarization responses.

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Investigation of terms for application of surface active substances in the manufacture of crystalline glucose

Rossiiskaia selskokhoziaistvennaia nauka ◽

10.31857/s2500-26272019661-64 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 61-64

Author(s):

L. S. Khvorova ◽

N. R. Andreev ◽

N. D. Lukin

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Induction Period ◽

Practical Interest ◽

Aliphatic Alcohols ◽

Successful Outcome ◽

Seed Crystals ◽

Surface Active ◽

Active Substances

The successful outcome of the existing methods for the crystallization of glucose to greatly depends on the conditions of the stage of nucleation of crystals. The study was conducted with the aim to improve ways of nucleation during the crystallization of glucose. According to the theory of crystallization the rate of nucleation formation in the highest degree depends on the surface tension (ST) of solutions. Theoretical and practical interest is presented the role of ST in the process of crystallization of glucose. Studies have been carried out to determine the surface tension of glucose solutions depending on the concentration of dry substances (DS) and temperature. As a result of research, it has been determined that the ST of glucose solutions increases with an increase in the concentration of DS and a decrease in temperature. When testing aliphatic alcohols as a surface-active substances (surfactants), it was found that ST solutions decrease 2.5 times. The accelerating effect of aliphatic alcohols on the nucleation of crystals was expressed in a decrease in the induction period from 210 minutes to 120 minutes, respectively, in pure solutions and in the presence of surfactants. Tests of various types of seed crystals have revealed that large ( 200 m) and small (60 m) hydrated glucose crystals moistened with alcohol are most effective for crystallizing anhydride glucose under polythermal conditions. The proposed method can significantly save the consumption of glucose for seed, improve the conditions of crystallization and improve the quality of glucose microbial purity.

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LECTINS IN ANTI-CANCER STRATEGIES

Acta biomedica scientifica ◽

10.29413/abs.2018-3.4.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 69-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. V. Lakhtin ◽

V. M. Lakhtin ◽

V. A. Aleshkin ◽

M. S. Afanasiev ◽

S. S. Afanasiev

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Anticancer Vaccines ◽

Innate Immunity Cells ◽

Human Immunity ◽

Intercellular Communications ◽

Communicative Role ◽

Oligomeric Forms ◽

Intestinal Compartments

The published during last few years data concerning communicative role of lectins (proteins and their complexes which recognize carbohydrates, glycoconjugates and their patterns) in on-duty supporting and increasing anticancer status of human immunity are analyzed. Examples of lectin-(glycoconjugate pattern) strategies, approaches and tactic variants in study and development of anticancer treatments, principle variants of therapy, possible vaccines in 35 cases of blood connected tumors (leukemia, lymphomas, others), solid tumors (carcinomas, sarcoma, cancers of vaginal biotopes, prostate, bladder, colon, other intestinal compartments, pancreas, liver, kidneys, others) and cancer cell lines are described and systemized. The list of mostly used communicative lectins (pattern recognition receptors, their soluble forms, other soluble lectins possessing specificities of importance) involving in key intercellular cascades and pathway co-functioning is presented. The regulation of resulting expression of distinct active lectins (available and hetero/di/oligomeric forms) and their interaction to adequate glycoconjugate patterns as well as influence distribution of co-functioning lectins and antigens CD between populations and subpopulations of antigen-presented cells (dendritic cells cDC, mDC, moDC, pDC; macrophages M2 and M1), mucosal M-cells, NK-cells play key role for choice and development of anticancer complex procedures increasing innate and innate-coupled immune responses. Prospects of (receptor lectin)-dependent intercellular communications and targeting glycoconjugate constructions into innate immunity cells for therapy of cancer and development of anticancer vaccines are evaluated and discussed.

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Syndecans in angiogenesis and endothelial cell biology

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20140232 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1643-1646 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Giulia De Rossi ◽

James R. Whiteford

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Endothelial Cell ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ◽

Receptor Trafficking ◽

Important Process ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Factor Interactions ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Syndecans are multifunctional heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) with roles in cell adhesion, migration, receptor trafficking and growth-factor interactions and signalling. Studies using syndecan null animals have revealed limited roles for syndecans during development; however, under conditions of challenge or insult, several phenotypes have emerged. Angiogenesis is an important process both in development and in wound healing, but also in pathologies such as cancer and chronic inflammatory conditions. In the present paper, we summarize the main studies elucidating the role of syndecans in angiogenesis and their potential as novel therapeutic targets.

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The Role of Extracellular Adenosine Generation in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2018/7019398 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. Morandi ◽

A. L. Horenstein ◽

R. Rizzo ◽

F. Malavasi

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Concerted Action ◽

Extracellular Adenosine ◽

Immune Effector ◽

Effector Cells ◽

Immune Effector Cells ◽

Specific Receptors ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Adenosine (ADO) is an immunosuppressive molecule, which suppresses the immune responses by interacting with specific receptors expressed by immune effector cells. ADO is produced from ATP through the enzymatic activities of CD39 and CD73. Alternatively, ADO can be generated starting from NAD+, which is metabolized by the concerted action of CD38, CD203a/PC-1, and CD73. The role of ADO in immunity has been characterized in the last years in physiology and in pathological settings. This review examines a panel of reports focused on the functions of ADO in the context of human autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and the selected animal models. The final aim is to consider the role of adenosinergic ectoenzymes and ADO receptors as novel therapeutic targets for selected diseases.

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