scholarly journals The Anti-Melanogenesis Effect of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone through Downregulation of Melanosome Maturation and Transportation in B16F10 and Human Epidermal Melanocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Yi-Jung Liu ◽  
Jia-Ling Lyu ◽  
Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Kuo-Chiang Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Tyrosinase Related Protein

The biosynthesis pathway of melanin is a series of oxidative reactions that are catalyzed by melanin-related proteins, including tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). Reagents or materials with antioxidative or free radical-scavenging activities may be candidates for anti-melanogenesis. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) is a polyphenol isolated from fungi, such as Phellinus obliguus (Persoon) Pilat and P. linteus. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of DBL on antioxidation and melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells (B16F10) and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs). The results indicated that DBL scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals, and exhibited potent reducing power, indicating that it displays strong antioxidative activity. DBL also inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-related transcription factor (MITF) in both the cells. In addition, DBL inhibited hyperpigmentation in B16F10 and HEMs by regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. DBL not only shortened dendritic melanocytes but also inhibited premelanosome protein 17 (PMEL17) expression, slowing down the maturation of melanosome transportation. These results indicated that DBL promotes anti-melanogenesis by inhibiting the transportation of melanosomes. Therefore, DBL is a potent antioxidant and depigmenting agent that may be used in whitening cosmetics.

scholarly journals A yeast MAPK cascade regulates pexophagy but not other autophagy pathways

2010 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Manjithaya ◽  
Shveta Jain ◽  
Jean-Claude Farré ◽  
Suresh Subramani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Mapk Cascade ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Simultaneous Activation ◽  
Cellular Components

Autophagy is important for many cellular processes such as innate immunity, neurodegeneration, aging, and cancer. Although the signaling events triggering autophagy have been studied, little is known regarding the signaling mechanisms by which autophagy is redirected to achieve selective removal of cellular components. We have used the degradation of a peroxisomal marker to investigate the role of protein kinases in selective autophagy of peroxisomes (pexophagy) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that the Slt2p mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and several upstream components of its signal transduction pathway are necessary for pexophagy but not for pexophagosome formation or other nonselective and selective forms of autophagy. Other extracellular signals that activate this pathway do not trigger pexophagy on their own, suggesting that this MAPK cascade is necessary but not sufficient to trigger pexophagy. We propose that pexophagy requires the simultaneous activation of this MAPK pathway and a hexose-sensing mechanism acting through protein kinase A and cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

scholarly journals Water-Soluble Tomato Extract Fruitflow Alters the Phosphoproteomic Profile of Collagen-Stimulated Platelets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghao Zhang ◽  
Huilian Chen ◽  
Chuanbao Li ◽  
Beidong Chen ◽  
Huan Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Phosphorylated Peptides

Platelet hyperactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and thrombosis. Recent studies reported that the tomato extract Fruitflow inhibited platelet function, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. The present study used proteomics to quantitatively analyze the effect of fruitflow on the inhibition of collagen-stimulated platelets and validated the involvement of several signaling molecules. Fruitflow significantly inhibited human platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression that were induced by collagen. Proteomics analysis revealed that compared fruitflow-treated collagen-stimulated platelets with only collagen-stimulated platelets, 60 proteins were upregulated and 10 proteins were downregulated. Additionally, 66 phosphorylated peptides were upregulated, whereas 37 phosphorylated peptides were downregulated. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that fruitflow treatment downregulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B and guanosine triphosphatase-mediated signal transduction in collagen-activated platelets. Biological validation indicated that fruitflow decreased Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and heat shock protein (Hsp27) phosphorylation in collagen-stimulated platelets. Fruitflow recovered cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in collagen-activated platelets and reduced protein kinase A substrate phosphorylation that was induced by collagen. These findings suggest that fruitflow is a functional food that can inhibit platelet function, conferring beneficial effects for people who are at risk for platelet hyperactivity-associated thrombosis.

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