scholarly journals TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules VI, VII, VIII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Chronic Pain and Depression Comorbidity in a Murine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5028
Author(s):  
Bernice Lottering ◽  
Yi-Wen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels ◽  
Electroacupuncture Treatment ◽  
Subtype 3

Depression is a prominent complex psychiatric disorder, usually complicated through expression of comorbid conditions, with chronic pain being among the most prevalent. This comorbidity is consistently associated with a poor prognosis and has been shown to negatively impact patient outcomes. With a global rise in this condition presenting itself, the importance of discovering long-term, effective, and affordable treatments is crucial. Electroacupuncture has demonstrated renowned success in its use for the treatment of pain and is a widely recognized therapy in clinical practice for the treatment of various psychosomatic disorders, most notably depression. Our study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Acid-Saline (AS) inducing states of chronic pain and depression comorbidity in the cerebellum, using the ST36 acupoint as the therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, the role of TRPV1 was relatedly explored through the use of TRPV1−/− mice (KO). The results indicated significant differences in the four behavioral tests used to characterize pain and depression states in mice. The AS and AS + SHAM group showed significant differences when compared to the Control and AS + EA groups in the von Frey and Hargreaves’s tests, as well as the Open-Field and Forced Swimming tests. This evidence was further substantiated in the protein levels observed in immunoblotting, with significant differences between the AS and AS + SHAM groups when compared to the AS + EA and AS + KO groups being identified. In addition, immunofluorescence visibly served to corroborate the quantitative outcomes. Conclusively these findings suggest that AS-induced chronic pain and depression comorbidity elicits changes in the cerebellum lobules VI, VII, VIII, which are ameliorated through the use of EA at ST36 via its action on TRPV1 and related molecular pathways. The action of TRPV1 is not singular in CPDC, which would suggest other potential targets such as acid-sensing ion channel subtype 3 (ASIC3) or voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) that could be explored in future studies.

scholarly journals Knockdown of MicroRNA-1 in the Hippocampus Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction Induced Impairment of Long-Term Potentiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1601-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Chao Ma ◽  
Ming-Jing Duan ◽  
Ke-Xin Li ◽  
Das Biddyut ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Passive And Active Avoidance ◽  
Related Proteins

Backgrounds/Aims: It has been reported that myocardial infarction (MI) is a risk factor for vascular dementia. However, the molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Methods: MI mice were generated by ligation of the left coronary artery (LCA) for 4 weeks. Passive and active avoidance tests were performed to evaluate the cognitive ability of MI mice. A theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocol was applied to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP) of the perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapse (PP-DG). Western blot analysis was employed to assess protein levels. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that after 4 weeks of MI, C57BL/6 mice had significantly impaired memory. Compared with the sham group, in vivo physiological recording in the MI group revealed significantly decreased amplitude of population spikes (PS) with no effect on the latency and duration of the stimulus-response curve. The amplitude of LTP was markedly decreased in the MI group compared with the sham group. Further examination showed that the expression of the TBS-LTP-related proteins BDNF, GluA1 and phosphorylated GluA1 were all decreased in the MI group compared with those in the sham group. Strikingly, all these changes were prevented by hippocampal stereotaxic injection of an anti-miR-1 oligonucleotide fragment carried by a lentivirus vector (lenti-pre-AMO-1). Conclusion: MI induced cognitive decline and TBS-LTP impairment, and decreased BDNF and GluA1 phosphorylation levels from overexpression of miR-1ated were involved in this process.

scholarly journals Optogenetics and photopharmacology in pain research and therapeutics

STEMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Iseppon ◽  
Manuel Arcangeletti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Brain

Pain afflicts billions of people worldwide, who suffer especially from long-term chronic pain. This gruelling condition affects the nervous system at all levels: from the brain to the spinal cord, the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral fibres innervating the skin. The nature of the different molecular and cellular components of the somatosensory modalities, as well as the complexity of the peripheral and central circuitry are yet poorly understood. Light-based techniques such as optogenetics, in concert with the recent advances in single-cell genetic profiling, can help to elucidate the role of diverse neuronal sub-populations in the encoding of different sensory and painful stimuli by switching these neurons on and off via optically active proteins, namely opsins.  Recently, photopharmacology has emerged from the efforts made to advance optogenetics. The introduction of azo-benzene-based light-sensitive molecular switches has been applied to a wide variety of molecular targets, from ion channels and receptors to transporters, enzymes and many more, some of which are paramount for pain research and therapy. In this Review, we summarise the recent advances in the fields of optogenetics and photopharmacology and we discuss the use of light-based techniques for the study of acute and chronic pain physiology, as well as their potential for future therapeutic use to improve pain treatment.

scholarly journals TRPV1 Responses in the Cerebellum Lobules V, VIa and VII Using Electroacupuncture Treatment for Inflammatory Hyperalgesia in Murine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanya Inprasit ◽  
Yi-Wen Lin
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Inflammatory Hyperalgesia ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Important Symptom ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Electroacupuncture Treatment

Inflammatory pain sensation is an important symptom which protects the body against additional tissue damage and promotes healing. Discovering long-term and effective treatments for pain remains crucial in providing efficient healthcare. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a successful therapy used for pain relief. We aimed to investigate effects and mechanisms of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-inducing inflammatory pain in the cerebellum, and the inhibition of this inflammatory hyperalgesia using EA at Zusanli acupoint (ST36). The results display a significant increase in mechanical and thermal sensitivities in the CFA and CFA + SHAM groups, which was significantly reduced in the CFA+EA and CFA + KO groups. This evidence was substantiated in the protein levels observed using immunoblotting, and presented with significant escalations after CFA inducing inflammatory hyperalgesia in CFA and CFA + SHAM groups. Then, they were significantly attenuated by EA in the CFA + EA group. Furthermore, the CFA + transient receptor vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1)−/− group indicated similar significant decreases of protein expression. Additionally, a concomitant overexpression in lobule VIa was also observed in immunofluorescence. These consequences suggest that CFA-induced inflammatory pain provokes modifications in cerebellum lobules V, VIa and VII, which can subsequently be regulated by EA treatment at the ST36 through its action on TRPV1 and related molecular pathways.

scholarly journals The Role of Macrolides in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna de Campos Guimarães e Figueiredo ◽  
Cássio da Cunha Ibiapina
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis ◽  
Sputum Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Action ◽  
Key Words Macrolides ◽  
The Ideal

Objective. The present study aims at reviewing the main publications on the use of macrolides as immunomodulators in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.Source of Data. The Medline database was our source of data for this research carried out until June 2011, using the key words: macrolides and bronchiectasis, while searching for original articles and reviews.Summary of Data. Seven clinical studies that evaluated the action of the macrolides in patients with bronchiectasis were found. There was the sputum volume, reduction in pulmonary exacerbation frequency, and in the use of antimicrobial treatment, in addition to pulmonary function improvement.Conclusions. Anti-inflammatory action and immunomodulatory effects can be attributed to macrolides when administered in low doses and on the long term. This use has been well established both in diffuse panbronchiolitis and in cystic fibrosis. Evidence indicates possible benefits in bronchiectasis. Future studies are needed, though, to establish the ideal dose and treatment duration and to understand the implications in the generation of microbial resistance.

scholarly journals Expression and Potential Role of MMP-9 in Intrauterine Adhesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Congqing Li ◽  
Wenyan Wang ◽  
Shiying Sun ◽  
Youjiang Xu ◽  
Ziang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesions ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesion ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Objective. Intrauterine adhesions affect menstruation and fertility, and endometrial fibrosis is the final manifestation of IUA. MMP-9 is closely related to fibrosis. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of MMP-9 in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) in rats and patients. Methods. 40 rats and 24 women were enrolled in this study. 40 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: IUA group ( n = 20 ), sham group ( n = 10 ), and control group ( n = 10 ). Rat IUA models were established by intrauterine mechanical and chemical injured. In this study, 12 patients of intrauterine adhesions were detected and underwent TCRA (transcervical resection of adhesion) surgery, and endometrial tissue specimens were obtained during operation. One month later, an office hysteroscopy procedure was performed, and endometrial tissue specimens were obtained during operation again (postoperative group). A group of 12 normal age-matched control individuals served as controls underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling. We used immunohistochemistry to detect MMP-9 expressions in rats and human endometrial tissues and to detect MMP-9 protein levels by Western blotting. In addition, we detected mRNA expression levels with qRT-PCR. Results. The expression of MMP-9 in the IUA rats was reduced compared with that in the sham group and Ctrl group ( P < 0.05 ), and the expression of MMP-9 was also reduced in the IUA patients compared with that in the Ctrl group ( P < 0.05 ). The mRNA levels of MMP-9 in the endometrium reflected similar results ( P < 0.05 ). The MMP-9 clearly increased even in the endometrium after TCRA surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Our study suggests that MMP-9 may play an important role in IUA. In the future, more in-depth research should be conducted on MMP-9.

scholarly journals The effect of cathodal tDCS on fear extinction: a cross-measures study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ganho-Ávila ◽  
Óscar F. Gonçalves ◽  
Raquel Guiomar ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Boggio ◽  
Manish Kumar Asthana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Moderate Effect Size

AbstractExtinction-based procedures are often used to inhibit maladaptive fear responses. However, because extinction procedures show efficacy limitations, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a promising add-on enhancer. In this study, we tested the effect of cathodal tDCS over extinction, to unveil the processes at play that boost the effectiveness of extinction procedures and its translational potential to the treatment of anxiety disorders.We implemented a fear conditioning procedure whereby 41 healthy women (mean age = 20.51 ± 5.0) were assigned to either cathodal tDCS (n=27) or sham tDCS (n=16). Fear responses were measured with self-reports, autonomic responses, and implicit avoidance tendencies.Cathodal tDCS shows no statistically significant effect in extinction, according to self-reports, and seems to even negatively affect fear conditioned skin conductance responses. However, implicit avoidance tendencies, assessed one-to-three months after the tDCS session and extinction, reveal a group difference in the avoidance tendencies towards the neutral stimuli (F (1, 41) = 12.04, p = .001, ηp2 = .227), with the active cathodal tDCS groups showing a positive bias but not the sham group. This suggests a decreased generalization effect in the tDCS group with a moderate effect size. That is, cathodal tDCS may have enhanced long-term distinctiveness between threatening cues and perceptively similar neutral cues through a disambiguation process of the value of the neutral stimuli – a therapeutic target in anxiety disorders. Future studies should confirm these results and extend the study of cathodal tDCS effect on short term avoidance tendencies.

Citing and referencing habits in medicine and social sciences journals in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Alves dos Santos ◽  
Silvio Peroni ◽  
Marcos Luiz Mucheroni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Bibliographic Records

PurposeThis article explores citing and referencing systems in social sciences and medicine articles from different theoretical and practical perspectives, considering bibliographic references as a facet of descriptive representation.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of citing and referencing elements (i.e. bibliographic references, mentions, quotations and respective in-text reference pointers) identified citing and referencing habits within disciplines under consideration and errors occurring over the long term as stated by previous studies now expanded. Future expected trends of information retrieval from bibliographic metadata was gathered by approaching these referencing elements from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) entities concepts.FindingsReference styles do not fully accomplish with their role of guiding authors and publishers on providing concise and well-structured bibliographic metadata within bibliographic references. Trends on representative description revision suggest a predicted distancing on the ways information is approached by bibliographic references and bibliographic catalogs adopting FRBR concepts, including the description levels adopted by each of them under the perspective of the FRBR entities concept.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was based on a subset of medicine and social sciences articles published in 2019 and, therefore, it may not be taken as a final and broad coverage. Future studies expanding these approaches to other disciplines and chronological periods are encouraged.Originality/valueBy approaching citing and referencing issues as descriptive representation's facets, findings on this study may encourage further studies that will support information science and computer science on providing tools to become bibliographic metadata description simpler, better structured and more efficient facing the revision of descriptive representation actually in progress.

scholarly journals Pain Sensation and Long-term Suffering due to Chronic Pain in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mediating Role of Self-efficacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Amin Nejati ◽  
Hasan Ahadi ◽  
Farahnaz Meschi ◽  
Mohammad reza Seirafi ◽  
Adis kraskian mojembari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Mediating Role

scholarly journals Use of antipsychotic drugs and lithium in mania

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (S41) ◽  
pp. s148-s156 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
First Line ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Agents

BackgroundStudies highlighting the difficulties associated with lithium suggest that the role of antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilisers in bipolar disorder should be reconsidered.AimsTo review the efficacy and mode of action of antipsychotic drugs in mania, and to consider the differences between official guidelines and routine clinical practice in the use of these agents for mania.MethodReview of research, guideline- and practice-based literature.ResultsGuidelines recommend lithium or valproate as first-line treatments for mania, and antipsychotic agents only as ‘adjuncts’ for agitation, dangerous behaviour or psychosis. However, in routine practice, antipsychotic drugs are often prescribed. The effectiveness of these agents in mania has been established by several studies; newer atypical compounds demonstrate antimanic efficacy with a reduced incidence of neurological side-effects.ConclusionAntipsychotic drugs are important in the treatment of bipolar disorder and mania. Future studies should evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of newer atypical antipsychotic agents, and the place of anticonvulsants in combination with antipsychotics in bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Expression and Potential Role of MMP-9 in Intrauterine Adhesion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congqing Li ◽  
Lin Cong ◽  
Youjiang Xu ◽  
Wenyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesions ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesion ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Abstract Background: Intrauterine adhesions will affect the amount of menstrual and fertility, endometrial fibrosis is the last manifestation of the IUA. MMP-9 is closely related to fibrosis. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of MMP-9 in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) rats and patients.Methods:40 female rats and 24 patients were enrolled in this study. We used immunohistochemistry to detect the MMP-9 expression in rats and human endometrial tissues, as well as detected their protein levels with western blot. In addition, we detected their mRNA expression levels with qRT-PCR.Results: The expression of MMP-9 in the IUA rats was reduced compared with the Sham group and Ctrl group (P< 0.05), and the expression of MMP-9 was also reduced in the IUA patients compared with the Ctrl group (P< 0.05). The mRNA levels of MMP-9 in endometrium were presenting similar results (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggests that MMP-9 may play an important role in fibrosis of the IUA. It may provide a new reference for the treatment of IUA in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document