scholarly journals Molecular Responses to Cadmium Exposure in Two Contrasting Durum Wheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7343
Author(s):  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Andrea Luvisi ◽  
Alessandra Genga ◽  
Luigi De Bellis ◽  
Alessio Aprile
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Metal Transporters ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Cd Translocation

Cadmium is a heavy metal that can be easily accumulated in durum wheat kernels and enter the human food chain. Two near-isogenic lines (NILs) with contrasting cadmium accumulation in grains, High-Cd or Low-Cd (H-Cd NIL and L-Cd NIL, respectively), were used to understand the Cd accumulation and transport mechanisms in durum wheat roots. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic solution, and cadmium concentrations in roots, shoots and grains were quantified. To evaluate the molecular mechanism activated in the two NILs, the transcriptomes of roots were analyzed. The observed response is complex and involves many genes and molecular mechanisms. We found that the gene sequences of two basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors (bHLH29 and bHLH38) differ between the two genotypes. In addition, the transporter Heavy Metal Tolerance 1 (HMT-1) is expressed only in the low-Cd genotype and many peroxidase genes are up-regulated only in the L-Cd NIL, suggesting ROS scavenging and root lignification as active responses to cadmium presence. Finally, we hypothesize that some aquaporins could enhance the Cd translocation from roots to shoots. The response to cadmium in durum wheat is therefore extremely complex and involves transcription factors, chelators, heavy metal transporters, peroxidases and aquaporins. All these new findings could help to elucidate the cadmium tolerance in wheat and address future breeding programs.

Molecular Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Nasser Delangiz ◽  
Bahman Khoshru ◽  
Behnam Asgari Lajayer ◽  
Mansour Ghorbanpour ◽  
Solmaz Kazemalilou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance

Molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and evolution in invertebrates

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry K. S. Janssens ◽  
Dick Roelofs ◽  
Nico M. van Straalen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance

scholarly journals Abiotic stresses induced physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in Betula platyphylla: a review

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faujiah Ritonga ◽  
Jacob Ngatia ◽  
Run Song ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Sonia Somadona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

Abiotic stress is one of the major factors in reducing plant growth, development, and yield production by interfering with various physiological, biochemical, and molecular functions. In particular, abiotic stress such as salt, low temperature, heat, drought, UV-radiation, elevated CO2, ozone, and heavy metals stress is the most frequent study in Sukaczev. is one of the most valuable tree species in East Asia facing abiotic stress during its life cycle. Using transgenic plants is a powerful tool to increase the abiotic stress tolerance. Generally, abiotic stress reduces leaves water content, plant height, fresh and dry weight, and enhances shed leaves as well. In the physiological aspect, salt, heavy metal, and osmotic stress disturbs seed germination, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis. In the biochemical aspect, salt, drought, cold, heat, osmotic, UV-B radiation, and heavy metal stress increases the ROS production of cells, resulting in the enhancement of enzymatic antioxidant (SOD and POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (proline and AsA) to reduce the ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, upregulates various genes, as well as proteins to participate in abiotic stress tolerance. Based on recent studies, several transcription factors contribute to increasing abiotic stress tolerance in , including , and . These transcription factors bind to different cis-acting elements to upregulate abiotic stress-related genes, resulting in the enhancement of salt, drought, cold, heat, osmotic, UV-B radiation, and heavy metal tolerance. These genes along with phytohormones mitigate the abiotic stress. This review also highlights the candidate genes from another Betulacea family member that might be contributing to increasing abiotic stress tolerance.Betula platyphyllaBetula platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaBplMYB46, BpMYB102, BpERF13, BpERF2, BpHOX2, BpHMG6, BpHSP9, BpUVR8, BpBZR1, BplERD15BpNACsB. platyphylla

scholarly journals ScMT2-1-3, a Metallothionein Gene of Sugarcane, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Heavy Metal Tolerance/Accumulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Guo ◽  
Liping Xu ◽  
Yachun Su ◽  
Hengbo Wang ◽  
Shiwu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Metal Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Metallothionein Gene ◽  
Tolerance Accumulation ◽  
And Storage

Plant metallothioneins (MTs), which are cysteine-rich, low-molecular-weight, and metal-binding proteins, play important roles in detoxification, metal ion homeostasis, and metal transport adjustment. In this study, a novel metallothionein gene, designated asScMT2-1-3(GenBank Accession number JQ627644), was identified from sugarcane.ScMT2-1-3was 700 bp long, including a 240 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 79 amino acid residues. A His-tagged ScMT2-1-3 protein was successfully expressed inEscherichia colisystem which had increased the host cell’s tolerance to Cd2+, Cu2+, PEG, and NaCl. The expression ofScMT2-1-3was upregulated under Cu2+stress but downregulated under Cd2+stress. Real-time qPCR demonstrated that the expression levels ofScMT2-1-3in bud and root were over 14 times higher than those in stem and leaf, respectively. Thus, both theE. coliassay and sugarcane plantlets assay suggested thatScMT2-1-3is significantly involved in the copper detoxification and storage in the cell, but its functional mechanism in cadmium detoxification and storage in sugarcane cells needs more testification though its expressed protein could obviously increase the hostE. colicell’s tolerance to Cd2+.ScMT2-1-3constitutes thus a new interesting candidate for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of MTs-implied plant heavy metal tolerance/accumulation and for developing sugarcane phytoremediator varieties.

scholarly journals The Absorption Characteristics and the Genetic Response of Beauveria Bassiana Z1 under Cd2+ Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Yu ◽  
Lijie Zhang ◽  
Yanhui Gao ◽  
Zhengfa Ma ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
P Type

Abstract Cadmium (Cd2+) has carcinogenic and teratogenic toxicity, which can be accumulated in the human body through the food chain, endangering human health and life. In this study, a fungus named Beauveria bassiana Z1 was isolated and identified to absorb Cd2+, and its Cd2+ absorption rate was 85.1 % when the Cd2+ concentration was 1 mM. Furthermore, the absorption rate of activated strain was significantly higher than that of inactivated, especially with a high Cd2+ concentration. The genetic response results show that the expression of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging enzyme gene and the stress resistance genes (p-type ATP transferase, heavy metal tolerance protein, cytochrome P450) was up-regulated, which was conducive to the ROS removal and heavy metal modification, thereby improving the tolerance of strain Z1 to Cd2+. The research results are of great significance for elucidating the mechanism of fungi for heavy metal, and provide theoretical support for bioremediation of heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Tolerance Trend in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Strains Recovered from Food Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4718
Author(s):  
Kashaf Junaid ◽  
Hasan Ejaz ◽  
Iram Asim ◽  
Sonia Younas ◽  
Humaira Yasmeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Esbl Producers

This study evaluates bacteriological profiles in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and assesses antibiotic resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by gram-negative bacteria, and heavy metal tolerance. In total, 436 retail food samples were collected and cultured. The isolates were screened for ESBL production and molecular detection of ESBL-encoding genes. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for heavy metal tolerance. From 352 culture-positive samples, 406 g-negative bacteria were identified. Raw food samples were more often contaminated than refined food (84.71% vs. 76.32%). The predominant isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 76), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 58), and Escherichia coli (n = 56). Overall, the percentage of ESBL producers was higher in raw food samples, although higher occurrences of ESBL-producing E. coli (p = 0.01) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p = 0.02) were observed in processed food samples. However, the prevalence of ESBL-producing Citrobacter freundii in raw food samples was high (p = 0.03). Among the isolates, 55% were blaCTX-M, 26% were blaSHV, and 19% were blaTEM. Notably, heavy metal resistance was highly prevalent in ESBL producers. These findings demonstrate that retail food samples are exposed to contaminants including antibiotics and heavy metals, endangering consumers.

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