scholarly journals A Proteomic Study Suggests Stress Granules as New Potential Actors in Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7957
Author(s):  
Mihaela Tudor ◽  
Antoine Gilbert ◽  
Charlotte Lepleux ◽  
Mihaela Temelie ◽  
Sonia Hem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Stress Granules ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Bystander Effects ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Radiation Induced

Besides the direct effects of radiations, indirect effects are observed within the surrounding non-irradiated area; irradiated cells relay stress signals in this close proximity, inducing the so-called radiation-induced bystander effect. These signals received by neighboring unirradiated cells induce specific responses similar with those of direct irradiated cells. To understand the cellular response of bystander cells, we performed a 2D gel-based proteomic study of the chondrocytes receiving the conditioned medium of low-dose irradiated chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium was directly analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to identify candidate bystander factors involved in the signal transmission. The proteomic analysis of the bystander chondrocytes highlighted 20 proteins spots that were significantly modified at low dose, implicating several cellular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress responses, cellular motility, and exosomes pathways. In addition, the secretomic analysis revealed that the abundance of 40 proteins in the conditioned medium of 0.1 Gy irradiated chondrosarcoma cells was significantly modified, as compared with the conditioned medium of non-irradiated cells. A large cluster of proteins involved in stress granules and several proteins involved in the cellular response to DNA damage stimuli were increased in the 0.1 Gy condition. Several of these candidates and cellular mechanisms were confirmed by functional analysis, such as 8-oxodG quantification, western blot, and wound-healing migration tests. Taken together, these results shed new lights on the complexity of the radiation-induced bystander effects and the large variety of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved, including the identification of a new potential actor, namely the stress granules.

scholarly journals A Systematic View Exploring the Role of Chloroplasts in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo-Han Yoo ◽  
Woo-Jong Hong ◽  
Ki-Hong Jung
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Close Association ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield

Chloroplasts are intracellular semiautonomous organelles central to photosynthesis and are essential for plant growth and yield. The significance of the function of chloroplast-related genes in response to climate change has not been well studied in crops. In the present study, the initial focus was on genes that were predicted to be located in the chloroplast genome in rice, a model crop plant, with genes either preferentially expressed in the leaf or ubiquitously expressed in all organs. The characteristics were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and MapMan functional classification tools. It was then identified that 110 GO terms (45 for leaf expression and 65 for ubiquitous expression) and 1,695 genes mapped to MapMan overviews were strongly associated with chloroplasts. In particular, the MapMan cellular response overview revealed a close association between heat stress response and chloroplast-related genes in rice. Moreover, features of these genes in response to abiotic stress were analyzed using a large-scale publicly available transcript dataset. Consequently, the expression of 215 genes was found to be upregulated in response to high temperature stress. Conversely, genes that responded to other stresses were extremely limited. In other words, chloroplast-related genes were found to affect abiotic stress response mainly through high temperature response, with little effect on response to drought and salinity stress. These results suggest that genes involved in diurnal rhythm in the leaves participate in the reaction to recognize temperature changes in the environment. Furthermore, the predicted protein–protein interaction network analysis associated with high temperature stress is expected to provide a very important basis for the study of molecular mechanisms by which chloroplasts will respond to future climate changes.

Radiation-induced bystander effects in the Atlantic salmon (salmo salar L.) following mixed exposure to copper and aluminum combined with low-dose gamma radiation

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmel Mothersill ◽  
Richard W. Smith ◽  
Lene Sørlie Heier ◽  
Hans-Christian Teien ◽  
Ole Christian Land ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bystander Effects ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Mixed Exposure

scholarly journals Cellular Mechanisms for Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation–Induced Perturbation of the Breast Tissue Microenvironment

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (15) ◽  
pp. 6734-6744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin K.C. Tsai ◽  
Eric Yao-Yu Chuang ◽  
John B. Little ◽  
Zhi-Min Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals The Roles of HIF-1α in Radiosensitivity and Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects Under Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianghong Zhang ◽  
Yuhong Zhang ◽  
Fang Mo ◽  
Gaurang Patel ◽  
Karl Butterworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Medium ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Bystander Effects ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Hypoxic Tumor ◽  
Bystander Cells

Radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBE) may have potential implications for radiotherapy, yet the radiobiological impact and underlying mechanisms in hypoxic tumor cells remain to be determined. Using two human tumor cell lines, hepatoma HepG2 cells and glioblastoma T98G cells, the present study found that under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, increased micronucleus formation and decreased cell survival were observed in non-irradiated bystander cells which had been co-cultured with X-irradiated cells or treated with conditioned-medium harvested from X-irradiated cells. Although the radiosensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells was lower than that of aerobic cells, the yield of micronucleus induced in bystander cells under hypoxia was similar to that measured under normoxia indicating that RIBE is a more significant factor in overall radiation damage of hypoxic cells. When hypoxic cells were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), or aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), before and during irradiation, the bystander response was partly diminished. Furthermore, when only hypoxic bystander cells were pretreated with siRNA hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), RIBE were decreased slightly but if irradiated cells were treated with siRNA HIF-1α, hypoxic RIBE decreased significantly. In addition, the expression of HIF-1α could be increased in association with other downstream effector molecules such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and carbonic anhydrase (CA9) in irradiated hypoxic cells. However, the expression of HIF-1α expression in bystander cells was decreased by a conditioned medium from isogenic irradiated cells. The current results showed that under hypoxic conditions, irradiated HepG2 and T98G cells showed reduced radiosensitivity by increasing the expression of HIF-1α and induced a syngeneic bystander effect by decreasing the expression of HIF-1α and regulating its downstream target genes in both the irradiated or bystander cells.

scholarly journals Modeling of Molecular Mechanisms of Radiation Adaptive Response Formation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Radiation Hormesis ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Lnt Model

The phenomenon of adaptive response is expressed in the increase of resistance of a biological object to high doses of mutagens under the conditions of previous exposure to these (or other) mutagens in low doses. Low doses of mutagen activate a number of protective mechanisms in a living object, which are called hormetic. Thus, the adaptive response and hormesis are links in the same chain. Radiation hormesis refers to the generally positive effect of low doses of low LET radiation on biological objects. The phenomenology of radiation-induced adaptive response and radiation hormesis for biological objects of different levels of organization is considered; the review of existing theories describing the dose-effect relationship has been reviewed. The hypothesis proposing one of the mechanisms of formation of radiation adaptive response of cells taking into account the conformational structure of chromatin has been submitted. The analysis of modern concepts of the phenomenon of hormesis on the basis of modeling of molecular mechanisms of formation of hormetic reactions to low-dose low LET radiation has been carried out. The parameters that can be used for quantitative and graphical evaluation of the phenomenon of hormesis was considered, and a formula for calculating the coefficient of radiation-induced adaptive response has been proposed. A review of mathematical models describing the radiation relative risk of gene mutations and neoplastic transformations at low-dose irradiation of cohorts has been performed. The following conclusions have been made: radiation hormesis and adaptive response are generally recognized as real and reproducible biological phenomena, which should be considered as very important phenomena of evolutionarily formed biological protection of living organisms from ionizing radiation. The hormesis model of dose-response relationship makes much more accurate predictions of a living object's response to radiation (or other stressors) in the low-dose range than the linear threshold (LNT) model does. The LNT model can adequately describe reactions only in the region of high doses of radiation, and, therefore, extrapolation modeling of biological object’s reactions from the zone of high doses to low doses is not correct.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document