scholarly journals Serum Albumin: A Multifaced Enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10086
Author(s):  
Giovanna De Simone ◽  
Alessandra di Masi ◽  
Paolo Ascenzi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Allosteric Effectors ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Body Compartments

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma, contributing actively to oncotic pressure maintenance and fluid distribution between body compartments. HSA acts as the main carrier of fatty acids, recognizes metal ions, affects pharmacokinetics of many drugs, provides the metabolic modification of some ligands, renders potential toxins harmless, accounts for most of the anti-oxidant capacity of human plasma, and displays esterase, enolase, glucuronidase, and peroxidase (pseudo)-enzymatic activities. HSA-based catalysis is physiologically relevant, affecting the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds including proteins, lipids, cholesterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and drugs. Catalytic properties of HSA are modulated by allosteric effectors, competitive inhibitors, chemical modifications, pathological conditions, and aging. HSA displays anti-oxidant properties and is critical for plasma detoxification from toxic agents and for pro-drugs activation. The enzymatic properties of HSA can be also exploited by chemical industries as a scaffold to produce libraries of catalysts with improved proficiency and stereoselectivity for water decontamination from poisonous agents and environmental contaminants, in the so called “green chemistry” field. Here, an overview of the intrinsic and metal dependent (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of HSA is reported to highlight the roles played by this multifaced protein.

Identification of competitive inhibitors for bovine serum albumin from dynamic combinatorial libraries containing a bienzyme system

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (30) ◽  
pp. 23224-23228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Dong Ji ◽  
Ketao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Combinatorial Libraries ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
System P ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Three dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) have been generated by using esterification, combined with a protocol based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and HRMS.

scholarly journals Green synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Piper longum and its Antioxidant Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 342-352
Author(s):  
Taanya Imtiaz ◽  
R. Priyadharshini ◽  
S. Rajeshkumar ◽  
Palati Sinduja
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: Piper longum, a traditional plant used for regenerative medicine commonly known as the long pepper, is used to treat many pathological conditions. Piper longum is used as a source for obtaining the production of various nanoparticles and testing their efficacy. Piper longum has many beneficial activities, such as antifungal, anti-amoebic, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidepressants activities. Silver nanoparticles are widely and commonly used for its antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Our study aimed to synthesize Piper longum based silver nanoparticles and to investigate its anti-oxidant property. Materials and Methods: Piper longum plant extract was prepared and silver nanoparticles extract was synthesized. DPPH assay was then performed to assess the free radical scavenging activity of the Piper longum silver nanoparticle extract. The further analysis was that the formation of brownish-red color observed was evident, resulting in thesynthesization of silver nanoparticles. Results: Brown discolouration represents formation of silver nanoparticles and the antioxidant activity was noted to be from 60% to 70% from 10 to 50μL. But when compared to standard vitamin C values the Piper longum silver nanoparticles showed less antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The Piper longum mediated silver nanoparticles showed remarkable and considerable antioxidant activity but when compared with the standard sample values the antioxidant activity was low.

scholarly journals A ROLE FOR PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF) BOERL. EXTRACTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF WOMEN’S PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS: A RESEARCH REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata ◽  
Hanna Christabel Rouli
Keyword(s):  
Research Review ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl is a medicinal plant that originates from West Papua, Indonesia. The fruit of this plant is known to contain numerous different compounds that produce different bioactivities. Many of these bioactivities are related to women pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of P. macrocarpa fruit extract in the management of these conditions. Different studies have proven that P. macrocarpa extract helps regulate hormone imbalance in women with problems relating to their menstruation cycle, especially during premenstrual syndrome. It helps alleviate symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and endometriosis through its bioactivity as anti-inflammation, apoptosis inducer, anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant agent. P. macrocarpa fruit extract also showed selective anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activity on breast and cervical cancer cells. It regulates cancer cell progression through numerous different pathways, making it highly favourable to be developed as a cancer treatment, whether as a single treatment or as an adjunct therapy. In conclusion, P. macrocarpa extract has great potential to be developed into treatments for women’s pathological conditions. However, further study, both preclinical and clinical studies are needed to ascertain its use in women to be effective and safe.

scholarly journals ON THE COMPOSITION OF URINARY ALBUMIN

1911 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Florentin Medigreceanu
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Chronic Nephritis ◽  
Uranium Nitrate

A few findings which seem to be of importance may be pointed out:— Table I shows the analytical figures of serum-albumin, serum-globulin, and fibrin of the normal dog. The main difference between albumin and globulin appears in the relation of the precipitable to the non-precipitable total nitrogen and amino-nitrogen. Precipitable total nitrogen as well as amino-nitrogen is considerably larger in the albumin than in the globulin. In the cases of uranium nitrate nephritis (table II), the important figures approximate very closely those of normal serum-albumin. The samples from dog 3, that had been poisoned at the same time with phosphorous oil and uranium nitrate, show relatively large variations as compared with the figures from specimens from the other dogs, chiefly as regards the amino-nitrogen distribution: i. e., in dog 3, (1) the amount of amino-nitrogen to the total nitrogen in the solution before precipitation is higher; (2) the percentage of precipitable amino-nitrogen is larger; and (3) the ratio of precipitable amino-nitrogen to precipitable total nitrogen exceeds that of the other cases. All these changes, together with the fact that the total precipitable nitrogen did not undergo any quantitative variation, suggest that in the case of dog 3 the analyzed material contained a higher amount of lysin or cystin. It may further be mentioned that the analytical figures in this case differ also from those of the normal serum-albumin and still more from those of the serum-globulin. These changes, however, were not found in the case of dog 4, although this animal was treated in the same manner as the preceding dog. In the cases of nephritis in man (table III), striking differences were met with in the case of acute scarlet fever nephritis (No. 1a) and in the case (No. 2) of a patient with chronic nephritis and Pott's disease. This patient died a few weeks after the specimen for analysis was collected. The autopsy showed a general amyloidosis. The variations in both cases consist in a lowering of the ratio of amino-nitrogen to total nitrogen in the solution before precipitation, and corresponding to this, a fall of the same ratio in the filterable nitrogen. Such a change points to a relatively larger amount of prolin and oxyprolin or tryptophan in these cases. As a whole, one may conclude that Van Slyke's method, carefully applied and sufficiently controlled, may also be used for the study of urinary albumin. The results already obtained indicate that definite differences in the composition of urinary "albumin" may be detected. As yet it is premature to establish a definite relationship between the chemical composition of the "albumin" and the clinical or pathological conditions under which it appears, but it seems hopeful that further work may lead to the finding of such a relationship.

The influence of dietary habits and pathological conditions on the binding of theophylline to serum albumin

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bojko ◽  
A. Sułkowska ◽  
M. Maciążek-Jurczyk ◽  
J. Równicka ◽  
W.W. Sułkowski
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Pathological Conditions

scholarly journals The Multifaced Actions of Curcumin in Pregnancy Outcome

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tossetta ◽  
Sonia Fantone ◽  
Stefano Raffaele Giannubilo ◽  
Daniela Marzioni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Compound ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions

Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is the main polyphenolic substance present in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa L. This plant showed many beneficial effects and has been used since ancient times for both food and pharmaceutical purposes. Due to its pleiotropic functions, curcumin consumption in the human diet has become very common thanks also to the fact that this natural compound is considered quite safe as it does not have serious side effects. Its functions as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-toxicant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-diabetic compound are already known and widely demonstrated. There are numerous studies concerning its effects on various human pathologies including cancer, diabetes and arthritis while the studies on curcumin during pregnancy have been performed only in animal models. Data concerning the role of curcumin as anti-inflammatory compound suggest a possible use of curcumin in managing pregnancy complications such as Preeclampsia (PE), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR), PreTerm Birth (PTB), and exposure to toxic agents and pathogens. The aim of this review is to present data to support the possible use of curcumin in clinical trials on human gestation complications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and anti-oxidant activity of coumarinyl chalcones

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Keshwar Prasad ◽  
Kavita R. Loksh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hybrid Molecules ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Abstract Background The ability to inhibit oxidative stress has been established as the prime mechanism in treatment of several disease conditions. In view of this, two new series of coumarin–chalcone hybrid molecules (5a–o and 6a–o) were synthesized using various aromatic aldehydes. The structures of the compounds were confirmed using IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral analyses. The compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant potential against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals in scavenging assays. Results Compounds 5o and 5k exhibited significant antioxidant potential as compared to the standard drug (ascorbic acid). Conclusions It can be concluded that the coumarin–chalcone treatment have the potential to be optimized further to generate scaffolds capable to treat many pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Practical Aspects of the Ligand-Binding and Enzymatic Properties of Human Serum Albumin

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Kragh-Hansen ◽  
Victor Tuan Giam Chuang ◽  
Masaki Otagiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum Albumin ◽  
Ligand Binding ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Enzymatic Properties

scholarly journals Correction: Identification of competitive inhibitors for bovine serum albumin from dynamic combinatorial libraries containing a bienzyme system

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (67) ◽  
pp. 54563-54563
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Zheng Fang ◽  
Zhao Yang ◽  
Dong Ji ◽  
Ketao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Combinatorial Libraries ◽  
System P ◽  
Competitive Inhibitors

Correction for ‘Identification of competitive inhibitors for bovine serum albumin from dynamic combinatorial libraries containing a bienzyme system’ by Wei He et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 23224–23228.

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