scholarly journals Fab Advances in Fabaceae for Abiotic Stress Resilience: From ‘Omics’ to Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10535
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Priya Chaudhary ◽  
Jyoti Taunk ◽  
Chandan Kumar Singh ◽  
Deepti Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Food Legume ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs

Legumes are a better source of proteins and are richer in diverse micronutrients over the nutritional profile of widely consumed cereals. However, when exposed to a diverse range of abiotic stresses, their overall productivity and quality are hugely impacted. Our limited understanding of genetic determinants and novel variants associated with the abiotic stress response in food legume crops restricts its amelioration. Therefore, it is imperative to understand different molecular approaches in food legume crops that can be utilized in crop improvement programs to minimize the economic loss. ‘Omics’-based molecular breeding provides better opportunities over conventional breeding for diversifying the natural germplasm together with improving yield and quality parameters. Due to molecular advancements, the technique is now equipped with novel ‘omics’ approaches such as ionomics, epigenomics, fluxomics, RNomics, glycomics, glycoproteomics, phosphoproteomics, lipidomics, regulomics, and secretomics. Pan-omics—which utilizes the molecular bases of the stress response to identify genes (genomics), mRNAs (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics), and biomolecules (metabolomics) associated with stress regulation—has been widely used for abiotic stress amelioration in food legume crops. Integration of pan-omics with novel omics approaches will fast-track legume breeding programs. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms can be utilized for simulating crop yield under changing environments, which can help in predicting the genetic gain beforehand. Application of machine learning (ML) in quantitative trait loci (QTL) mining will further help in determining the genetic determinants of abiotic stress tolerance in pulses.

scholarly journals Humic acids trigger the weak acids stress response in maize seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Carvalho Baía ◽  
Fábio L. Olivares ◽  
Daniel B. Zandonadi ◽  
Cleiton de Paula Soares ◽  
Riccardo Spaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Weak Acids ◽  
Acetoxymethyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Priming

Abstract Background Plants primed by humic acids showed physiological and molecular response against different abiotic stresses without the presence of stressor agents (salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicity). It is plausible that humic acids themselves can act as chemical priming substances in plants. We hypothesized that humic acids can trigger the weak acids stress response in cell plants acidifying the cytosol and thus eliciting the transduction signalling response cascade. Methods The dose–response curves of maize seedlings roots with different concentrations of humic, acetic and salicylic acids determined the most active and inhibitory concentration. These data were further used to evaluate changes on intracellular pH using BCECF-AM probe (2,7-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein, acetoxymethyl ester) and differential transcription level of genes related to weak stress response in plants by qPCR real time. Results Humic acids like short chain organic acids decrease the intracellular pH showed by the increased fluorescence of BCECF probe. The drop in cytosolic pH promoted by humic acids was not transient. We observed a high level of protein kinases related to cell energy-sensing and transcription factors associated to transduction of stress signalling. Conclusion The humic acids can be considered as a chemical priming agent, since in the appropriate concentration they can induce the typical plant abiotic stress response of weak acids inducing plant acclimation and enhancing the abiotic stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Development of stable transgenic maize plants tolerant for drought by manipulating ABA signaling through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi Muppala ◽  
Pavan Kumar Gudlavalleti ◽  
Kodandarami Reddy Malireddy ◽  
Sateesh Kumar Puligundla ◽  
Premalatha Dasari
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Gateway Technology

Abstract Background In crop plants, to cope up with the demand of food for rising population, revolutionary crop improvement programmes are being implemented for higher and higher yields. Abiotic stress, especially at flowering stage, causes drastic effect on yield in plants. Deforestation and urbanization made the water table very low and changed the climate which led to untimely and unforeseen rains which affect the yield of a crop through stress, both by lack of water as well as water logging (abiotic stress). Development of tolerant plants through breeding is a time-consuming programme and does not perform well in normal conditions. Development of stress-tolerant plants through transgenic technology is the better solution. Maize is a major crop used as food and fodder and has the commercial value in ethanol production. Hence, the genes viz., nced (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and rpk (receptor-like protein kinase), which play the key roles in the abscisic acid pathway and upstream component in ABA signaling have been transferred into maize plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by optimizing several parameters to obtain maximum frequency of transformation. Results Cultures raised from immature embryos of 2-mm size isolated from maize cobs, 12–15 days after pollination, were used for transformation. rpk and nced genes under the control of leaP and salT promoters respectively, cloned using gateway technology, have been introduced into elite maize inbred lines. Maximum frequency of transformation was observed with the callus infected after 20 days of inoculation by using 100 μM acetosyringone, 10 min infection time, and 2 days incubation period after co-cultivation resulted in maximum frequency of transformation (6%) in the NM5884 inbred line. Integration of the genes has been confirmed with molecular characterization by performing PCRs with marker as well as gene-specific primers and through southern hybridization. Physiological and biochemical characterization was done in vitro (artificial stress) and in vivo (pot experiments). Conclusions Changes in the parameters which affect the transformation frequency yielded maximum frequency of transformation with 20-day-old callus in the NM5884 inbred line. Introducing two or more genes using gateway technology is useful for developing stable transgenic plants with desired characters, abiotic stress tolerance in this study.

scholarly journals Advances in Omics Approaches for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhi Chaudhary ◽  
Praveen Khatri ◽  
Pankaj Singla ◽  
Surbhi Kumawat ◽  
Anu Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Regulatory Networks ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Efficient Utilization

Tomato, one of the most important crops worldwide, has a high demand in the fresh fruit market and processed food industries. Despite having considerably high productivity, continuous supply as per the market demand is hard to achieve, mostly because of periodic losses occurring due to biotic as well as abiotic stresses. Although tomato is a temperate crop, it is grown in almost all the climatic zones because of widespread demand, which makes it challenge to adapt in diverse conditions. Development of tomato cultivars with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance is one of the most sustainable approaches for its successful production. In this regard, efforts are being made to understand the stress tolerance mechanism, gene discovery, and interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Several omics approaches, tools, and resources have already been developed for tomato growing. Modern sequencing technologies have greatly accelerated genomics and transcriptomics studies in tomato. These advancements facilitate Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genomic selection (GS). However, limited efforts have been made in other omics branches like proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics. Extensive cataloging of omics resources made here has highlighted the need for integration of omics approaches for efficient utilization of resources and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism. The information provided here will be helpful to understand the plant responses and the genetic regulatory networks involved in abiotic stress tolerance and efficient utilization of omics resources for tomato crop improvement.

scholarly journals Utilization of Phytochemical and Molecular Diversity to Develop a Target-Oriented Core Collection in Tea Germplasm

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Do Yoon Hyun ◽  
Gwang-Yeon Gi ◽  
Raveendar Sebastin ◽  
Gyu-Taek Cho ◽  
Seong-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Phytochemical Variation ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Direct Use

Tea has received attention due to its phytochemicals. For the direct use of tea germplasm in breeding programs, a core collection that retains the genetic diversity and various phytochemicals in tea is needed. In this study, we evaluated the content of eight phytochemicals over two years and the genetic diversity through 33 SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers for 462 tea accessions (entire collection, ENC) and developed a target-oriented core collection (TOCC). Significant phytochemical variation was observed in the ENC between genotypes and years. The genetic diversity of ENC showed high levels of molecular variability. These results were incorporated into developing TOCCs. The TOCC showed a representation of the ENC, where the mean difference percentage, the variance difference percentage, the variable rate of coefficient of variance percentage, and the coincidence rate of range percentage were 7.88, 39.33, 120.79, and 97.43, respectively. The Shannon’s diversity index (I) and Nei’s gene diversity (H) of TOCC were higher than those of ENC. Furthermore, the accessions in TOCC were shown to be selected proportionally, thus accurately reflecting the distribution of the overall accessions for each phytochemical. This is the first report describing the development of a TOCC retaining the diversity of phytochemicals in tea germplasm. This TOCC will facilitate the identification of the genetic determinants of trait variability and the effective utilization of phytochemical diversity in crop improvement programs.

scholarly journals The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12970
Author(s):  
Jagadish Rane ◽  
Ajay Kumar Singh ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
K. M. Boraiah ◽  
Kamlesh K. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Legume Crops

Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance.

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