scholarly journals Oxygen Toxicity to the Immature Lung—Part II: The Unmet Clinical Need for Causal Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Behnke ◽  
Constanze M. Dippel ◽  
Yesi Choi ◽  
Lisa Rekers ◽  
Annesuse Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Causal Therapy ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Immature Lung ◽  
Important Disease

Oxygen toxicity continues to be one of the inevitable injuries to the immature lung. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the initial step leading to lung injury and, subsequently, the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Today, BPD remains the most important disease burden following preterm delivery and results in life-long restrictions in lung function and further important health sequelae. Despite the tremendous progress in the pathomechanistic understanding derived from preclinical models, the clinical needs for preventive or curative therapies remain unmet. This review summarizes the clinical progress on guiding oxygen delivery to the preterm infant and elaborates future directions of research that need to take into account both hyperoxia and hypoxia as ROS sources and BPD drivers. Many strategies have been tested within clinical trials based on the mechanistic understanding of ROS actions, but most have failed to prove efficacy. The majority of these studies were tested in an era before the latest modes of non-invasive respiratory support and surfactant application were introduced or were not appropriately powered. A comprehensive re-evaluation of enzymatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent ROS injury is therefore indispensable. Strategies will only succeed if they are applied in a timely and vigorous manner and with the appropriate outcome measures.

scholarly journals Fusarium basal rot: profile of an increasingly important disease in Allium spp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Le ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Geert Haesaert
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Basal Rot ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Fusarium Basal Rot ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Important Disease

AbstractFusarium basal rot (FBR) is a soil-borne disease that affects Allium species worldwide. Although FBR has long been recognized as a major constraint to the production of economically important Allium species, information that could support disease management remains scattered. In this review, the current knowledge on the causal agents, symptomology and epidemiology, impact, and management strategies of FBR is synthesized. We highlight that FPR is associated with different complexes of several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium oxysporum and F. proliferatum are the most prevalent. These pathogenic complexes vary in composition and virulence, depending on sites and hosts, which can be challenging for disease management. Research to improve disease management using chemical pesticides, resistance cultivars, biocontrol agents, and cultural practices has achieved both promising results and limitations. Finally, research needs and future directions are proposed for the development of effective FBR management strategies.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for Alcohol Use Disorders: State of the Art and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Philip ◽  
David O. Sorensen ◽  
Daniel M. McCalley ◽  
Colleen A. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Non Invasive

Future Directions in Non-Invasive Measurements of Tear Film Surface Kinetics

2012 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota H. Szczesna-Iskander ◽  
D. Robert Iskander
Keyword(s):  
Tear Film ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Surface Kinetics ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Non Invasive

Recent advances in late lung development and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (12) ◽  
pp. L893-L905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Madurga ◽  
Ivana Mižíková ◽  
Jordi Ruiz-Camp ◽  
Rory E. Morty
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Oxygen Toxicity ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Immature Lung ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

In contrast to early lung development, a process exemplified by the branching of the developing airways, the later development of the immature lung remains very poorly understood. A key event in late lung development is secondary septation, in which secondary septa arise from primary septa, creating a greater number of alveoli of a smaller size, which dramatically expands the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Secondary septation, together with architectural changes to the vascular structure of the lung that minimize the distance between the inspired air and the blood, are the objectives of late lung development. The process of late lung development is disturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease of prematurely born infants in which the structural development of the alveoli is blunted as a consequence of inflammation, volutrauma, and oxygen toxicity. This review aims to highlight notable recent developments in our understanding of late lung development and the pathogenesis of BPD.

Non-Invasive Assessment of Renal Artery Stenosis: Current Concepts and Future Directions in Magnetic Resonance Angiography

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S111-S117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Knopp ◽  
Frank Floemer ◽  
Stephan O. Schoenberg ◽  
Hendrik von Tengg-Kobligk ◽  
Michael Bock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renal Artery Stenosis ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals The Importance of Feature Processing in Deep-Learning-Based Condition Monitoring of Motors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Soother ◽  
Jawaid Daudpoto ◽  
Nicholas R. Harris ◽  
Majid Hussain ◽  
Sanaullah Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Feature Processing ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Motor Condition ◽  
Processing Techniques

The advent of deep learning (DL) has transformed diagnosis and prognosis techniques in industry. It has allowed tremendous progress in industrial diagnostics, has been playing a pivotal role in maintaining and sustaining Industry 4.0, and is also paving the way for industry 5.0. It has become prevalent in the condition monitoring of industrial subsystems, a prime example being motors. Motors in various applications start deteriorating due to various reasons. Thus, the monitoring of their condition is of prime importance for sustaining the operation and maintaining efficiency. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of DL-based condition monitoring for motors in terms of input data and feature processing techniques. Particularly, it reviews the application of various input features for the effectiveness of DL models in motor condition monitoring in the sense of what problems are targeted using these feature processing techniques and how they are addressed. Furthermore, it discusses and reviews advances in DL models, DL-based diagnostic methods for motors, hybrid fault diagnostic techniques, points out important open challenges to these models, and signposts the prospective future directions for DL models. This review will assist researchers in identifying research gaps related to feature processing, so that they may effectively contribute toward the implementation of DL models as applied to motor condition monitoring.

scholarly journals Current review of the management of fistulising perianal Crohn’s disease

2020 ◽  
pp. flgastro-2020-101489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel O Adegbola ◽  
Kapil Sahnan ◽  
Charlene Twum-Barima ◽  
Nusrat Iqbal ◽  
Lillian Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Biological Therapy ◽  
Disease Phenotype ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Distinct Disease

Perianal manifestations of Crohn’s disease constitute a distinct disease phenotype commonly affecting patients and conferring an increased risk of disability and disease burden. Much research has gone into management of fistulising manifestations, with biological therapy changing the landscape of treatment. In this article, we discuss the up-to-date surgical and medical management of perianal fistulas, highlighting current consensus management guidelines and the evidence behind them, as well as future directions in management.

scholarly journals Working Towards Eye Health Equity for Indigenous Australians with Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5060
Author(s):  
Jose J. Estevez ◽  
Natasha J. Howard ◽  
Jamie E. Craig ◽  
Alex Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Priority Populations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses significant challenges to individuals and broader society, much of which is borne by disadvantaged and marginalised population groups including Indigenous people. The increasing prevalence of T2DM among Indigenous people has meant that rates of diabetes-related complications such as blindness from end-stage diabetic retinopathy (DR) continue to be important health concerns. Australia, a high-income and resource-rich country, continues to struggle to adequately respond to the health needs of its Indigenous people living with T2DM. Trends among Indigenous Australians highlight that the prevalence of DR has almost doubled over two decades, and the prevalence of diabetes-related vision impairment is consistently reported to be higher among Indigenous Australians (5.2%–26.5%) compared to non-Indigenous Australians (1.7%). While Australia has collated reliable estimates of the eye health burden owing to T2DM in its Indigenous population, there is fragmentation of existing data and limited knowledge on the underlying risk factors. Taking a systems approach that investigates the social, environmental, clinical, biological and genetic risk factors, and—importantly—integrates these data, may give valuable insights into the most important determinants contributing to the development of diabetes-related blindness. This knowledge is a crucial initial step to reducing the human and societal impacts of blindness on Indigenous Australians, other priority populations and society at large.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document