scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Food-Grade Semi-Refined Carrageenan Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11178
Author(s):  
Denys Pogozhykh ◽  
Yevgen Posokhov ◽  
Valeriy Myasoedov ◽  
Galina Gubina-Vakulyck ◽  
Tetyana Chumachenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Common Food ◽  
The Common

The safety of food additives E407 and E407a has raised concerns in the scientific community. Thus, this study aims to assess the local and systemic toxic effects of the common food additive E407a in rats orally exposed to it for two weeks. Complex evaluations of the effects of semi-refined carrageenan (E407a) on rats upon oral exposure were performed. Local effects of E407a on the intestine were analyzed using routine histological stains and CD68 immunostaining. Furthermore, circulating levels of inflammatory markers were assessed. A fluorescent probe O1O (2- (2′-OH-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole) was used for evaluating the state of leukocyte cell membranes. Cell death modes of leukocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D staining. Oral administration of the common food additive E407a was found to be associated with altered small and large intestinal morphology, infiltration of the lamina propria in the small intestine with macrophages (CD68+ cells), high systemic levels of inflammation markers, and changes in the lipid order of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membranes of leukocytes, alongside the activation of their apoptosis. Our findings suggest that oral exposure to E407a through rats results in the development of intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of the Impact of Gadolinium Orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ Nanoparticles on the Carrageenan-Induced Intestinal Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Anton S. Tkachenko ◽  
Galina I. Gubina-Vakulyck ◽  
Vladimir K. Klochkov ◽  
Nataliya S. Kavok ◽  
Anatolii I. Onishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Aim: To evaluate the effects of orally administered gadolinium orthovanadate GdVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles (VNPs) on the course of chronic carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation. Methods: Samples of small intestinal tissue were collected from four groups of rats (intact, after administration of VNPs, with carrageenaninduced intestinal inflammation, with carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation orally exposed to VNPs) to assess the intestinal morphology and HSP90α expression. Levels of seromucoid, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 were determined in blood serum. Results: Oral exposure to VNPs was associated with neither elevation of inflammation markers in blood serum nor HSP90α overexpression in the small intestine, i.e. no toxic effects of VNPs were observed. Carrageenan-induced intestinal inflammation was accompanied by higher levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as HSP90α upregulation in the intestinal mucosa, compared with controls. Administration of VNPs to rats with enteritis did not lead to statistically significant changes in concentrations of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines with the trend towards their increase. Conclusion: No adverse effects were observed in rats orally exposed to VNPs at a dose of 20 μg/kg during two weeks. Using the experimental model of carrageenan-induced enteritis, it was demonstrated that VNPs at the dose used in our study did not affect the course of intestinal inflammation.

scholarly journals Changes in cell membranes of white blood cells treated with a common food additive E407a

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Tkachenko ◽  
Anatolii Onishchenko ◽  
Yevgen Posokhov ◽  
Alexander Roshal ◽  
Valeriy Myasoedov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Proton Donor ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Hydroxy Derivative ◽  
Common Food ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Doses

Abstract Objectives To estimate the state of phospholipid bilayer of rats WBCs exposed to a common food additive E407a, which is used as a thickener and emulsifier, during 4 h using a fluorescent probe − ortho-hydroxy derivative of 2,5-diaryl-1,3-oxazole. Materials and methods Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy: a study by the environment-sensitive fluores-cent probe − 2-(2′-hydroxy-phenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazole (probe O1O). Results Changes are detected in the spectra of the fluorescent probe bound to rat WBCs treated with the solutions of E407a of various concentrations in comparison with the corresponding spectra of the probe incubated with the untreated leukocytes. The decrease in polarity and proton-donor ability is observed in the lipid membranes of leukocytes in the region, where the probe locates. Conclusions Our findings suggest a higher dehydration of leukocyte membranes of rats treated with a common food additive E407a at high concentrations and, thus, indicate that exposure to high doses of E407a leads to the increase in the lipid order (i.e. to decrease in fluidity) of the membranes of rat WBCs.

scholarly journals The study of the phospholipid bilayer state of cell membranes in leukocytes of rats after oral consumption of E407a food additive

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
A.S. Tkachenko ◽  
◽  
Y.A. Posokhov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Oral Consumption

Целью работы было оценить влияние перорально вводимого полуочищенного каррагинана (E407a) на гидрофобный участок фосфолипидного бислоя клеточных мембран лейкоцитов периферической крови. Материал и методы. Флуоресцентный зонд (2-фенилфенантро[9,10-d]-1,3-оксазол) был использован для оценки состояния липидного бислоя мембран лейкоцитов, полученных от 8 взрослых крыс-самок линии WAG, которые перорально получали полуочищенный каррагинан в дозировке 140 мг на кг веса в течение 2 недель, и 8 контрольных животных. Результаты. В ходе проведения работы установлено, что заметных изменений формы спектров флуоресценции зонда в ответ на пероральное введение полуочищенного каррагинана не наблюдалось. Это указывает на то, что пероральный прием E407a не вызывает изменений протонодонорной способности среды в липидных мембранах лейкоцитов в области расположения зонда. Уменьшение интенсивности флуоресценции зонда у крыс, которым перорально вводили пищевую добавку E407a, связано с уменьшением количества молекул зонда, которые связались с мембранами в течение 1 ч инкубации. Заключение. Пероральное употребление полуочищенного каррагинана не вызывает изменений гидратации гидрофобного участка фосфолипидного бислоя мембран лейкоцитов.

scholarly journals κ-Carrageenan Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-8 Secretion by Stimulating the Bcl10-NF-κB Pathway in HT-29 Cells and AggravatesC.freundii-Induced Inflammation in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Zhanghe Zhen ◽  
Tingting Niu ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhu ◽  
Yuli Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Common Food ◽  
General Significance ◽  
Ht 29

Background.The dietary usage of carrageenan as common food additive has increased observably over the last 50 years. But there is substantial controversy about its safety.Methods.We investigated whether theκ-carrageenan could enhance lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 expression by studying its actions on the TLR4-NF-κB pathway. The aggravating effect ofκ-carrageenan onCitrobacter freundiiDBS100-induced intestinal inflammation was also investigated in a mouse model.Results.Our data show thatκ-carrageenan pretreatment promoted LPS-induced IL-8 expression in HT-29 cells. Although CD14, MD-2, and TLR4 were upregulated, the binding of LPS was not enhanced. However, the pathway of Bcl10-NF-κB was triggered. Interestingly,κ-carrageenan competitively blocked the binding of FITC-LPS. Furthermore, pretreatment withκ-carrageenan for one week previous to gavage withC. freundiiDBS100 markedly aggravated weight loss, mortality, and colonic damage. The secretion of cytokines was unbalanced and the ratio of Tregs was decreased significantly. In addition,κ-carrageenan, together withC. freundiiDBS100, enhanced the transcription and secretion of TLR4 and NF-κB.Conclusions.κ-Carrageenan can synergistically activate LPS-induced inflammatory through the Bcl10-NF-κB pathway, as indicated by its aggravation ofC. freundiiDBS100-induced colitis in mice.General Significance.Our results suggest thatκ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation.

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