scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship of Genotype and Geographical Location on Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Celery (Apium graveolens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 12016
Author(s):  
Lucy Turner ◽  
Stella Lignou ◽  
Frances Gawthrop ◽  
Carol Wagstaff
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Trained Panel ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Numerous varieties of celery are grown in multiple countries to maintain supply, demand and availability for all seasons; thus, there is an expectation for a consistent product in terms of taste, flavour, and overall quality. Differences in climate, agronomy and soil composition will all contribute to inconsistencies. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profile of eight celery genotypes grown in the UK (2018) and Spain (2019). Headspace analysis determined the volatile composition of eight genotypes, followed by assessment of the sensory profile using a trained panel. Significant differences in the volatile composition and sensory profile were observed; genotype and geographical location both exerted influences. Two genotypes exhibited similar aroma composition and sensory profile in both locations, making them good candidates to drive breeding programmes aimed at producing varieties that consistently display these distinctive sensory properties. Celery samples harvested in the UK exhibited a higher proportion of sesquiterpenes and phthalides, whereas samples harvested in Spain expressed a higher aldehyde and ketone content. Studying the relationship between growing environment and genotype will provide information to guide growers in how to consistently produce a high-quality crop.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship of Genotype and Climate Conditions on the Volatile Composition and Sensory Profile of Celery (Apium graveolens)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335
Author(s):  
Lucy Turner ◽  
Stella Lignou ◽  
Frances Gawthrop ◽  
Carol Wagstaff
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
The Relationship

Apium graveolens is a biennial crop grown across the globe for its stalks, leaves and seed and is known for its distinct flavour and strong taste. Various extraction methods on fresh and dried celery and its essential oil are reported in the literature examining the aroma profile of this crop and demonstrating that its volatile composition is determined by variables including cultivar, season, geographical location and agronomic practices. This study investigated the volatile and sensory profile of eight celery genotypes grown over two years (2018 and 2020) in the same location in the UK. Solid-phase-micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine the volatile compounds present in these genotypes and sensory evaluation using a trained panel to assess the sensory profile of fresh celery. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the volatile composition and sensory profile were observed and influenced by both genotype and harvest year. Two genotypes exhibited similar aroma composition and sensory profile between the years. Celery samples harvested in 2018, which possessed air temperatures that were considerably warmer than in 2020, exhibited higher proportions of sesquiterpenes and phthalides and we hypothesise that the higher proportions were generated as a response to heat stress. Studying the relationship between the genotype and the environment will provide clear information to guide growers in how to consistently produce a higher quality crop.

BREXIT AS A LINGUOPRAGMATIC PHENOMENON

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Б.Г. Вульфович
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Partial Sampling ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
The Eu

Задачей данной статьи является рассмотрение лингвопрагматических особенностей комментариев пользователей социальной сети «Твиттер» на выход Великобритании из ЕС. Анализ данных комментариев с лингвопрагматической точки зрения представляет интерес, так как показывает наиболее актуальную картину отношения пользователей социальных сетей к произошедшему событию. Приоритетными методами анализа лингвопрагматического потенциала Интернет-комментариев для нас являются: описательный метод, метод прагматического анализа, т.е. рассмотрение языкового материала в его непосредственном контексте в функциональном аспекте, метод частичной выборки, метод контекстологического описания. Контекстуальный метод был использован с целью установления особенностей комментариев в среде социальной сети «Твиттер»; описательный метод - для выявления непосредственного отношения пользователей социальных сетей к выходу Великобритании из ЕС; частичной выборки - для отбора наиболее эффективных и целостных комментариев с позиции прагматики и их реализации в данном контексте. Проведённое исследование позволило установить, что большинство людей удовлетворено результатами выхода Великобритании из ЕС и положительно отзывается об этом событии. Об этом свидетельствует как большое количество экспрессивов, использованных в интернет-комментариях в отношении данного события, так и активное употребление в них оценочной лексики. Результаты проведённого исследования могут быть применены в теоретических работах по описанию характеристик речевых актов, в курсе теоретической грамматики, стилистики, прагмалингвистики. The purpose of this article is to review the linguo-pragmatic features of Brexit represented in the comments in Twitter. Their analysis from a linguistic-pragmatic point of view may be of interest, since it shows the most relevant picture of the relationship of social network users for the event. The priority methods for analyzing the linguo-pragmatic potential of Internet comments for us are: a descriptive method, a pragmatic analysis method, i.e. consideration of linguistic material in its immediate context in the functional aspect, partial sampling method, contextual description method. The contextual method was used to establish the characteristics of comments on the Twitter social network; descriptive method was used to identify the direct relationship of social network users to the UK exit from the EU; partial sampling was used to select the most effective and holistic comments from the position of pragmatics and their implementation in this context. The study found that most people are satisfied with the results of the UK exit from the EU and respond positively to this event. The results of the study can be applied in theoretical works on the description of the characteristics of speech acts, in the course of theoretical grammar, stylistics, pragmalinguistics.

Reflection, theory and practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Swanwick
Keyword(s):  
British Journal ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Reflection Theory ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A brief review of the state of music education in the UK at the time of the creation of the British Journal of Music Education (BJME) leads to a consideration of the range and focus of topics since the initiation of the Journal. In particular, the initial requirement of careful and critical enquiry is amplified, drawing out the inevitability of theorising, an activity which is considered to be essential for reflective practice. The relationship of theory and data is examined, in particular differentiating between the sciences and the arts. A ‘case study’ of theorising is presented and examined in some detail and possible strands of future development are identified.

The changing landscape of local authority commissioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-196
Author(s):  
Dave Ayre
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter assesses the history of the relationship between public and private sectors and the extent to which the political and regulatory environment of governments and institutions such as the European Union (EU) can help or hinder the efforts of public bodies in seeking to deliver services that determine the health and quality of life for communities. The relationship of public and private sectors in the United Kingdom (UK) and the commissioning, procurement, and development of public–private partnerships is driven by the prevailing political and economic environment. However, rigorous academic research on the benefits of partnering to organisations, societies and between countries is limited. Evidence is needed to fill the policy vacuum. A bolder approach is necessary to work with public and private sectors to develop and implement successful partnering alternatives to the outsourcing of public services. The growing catalogue of outsourcing failures in construction, probation, rail franchising, health, and social care is creating an appetite for change, and the exit of the UK from the EU provides the opportunity.

Ideology and the Intellectuals

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Berry ◽  
Michael Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Karl Mannheim ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Political Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recurrent Theme

The question of how intellectuals ought to relate to the ideological traditions of the political cultures of modern societies has been a recurrent theme of European social and political thought over the last two centuries. This chapter explores earlier traditions of European thinking, associated with the work of Karl Mannheim, Julien Benda, and Antonio Gramsci, which established the major lines of debate about the relationship of intellectuals to a sense of nationhood and the political traditions of the polities they inhabited. These ideas form the backdrop to the analysis of the drift towards post-national thinking among important groups of intellectual practitioners in the UK towards the end of the twentieth century. Cosmopolitan thinking, the article suggests, has tended to obscure the ideological character of the main lines of political thinking associated with globalization, and ensured that progressive intellectuals tended to abandon the ‘national-popular’ to their counterparts on the political right, with fateful consequences.

Scotland at Westminster

2020 ◽  
pp. 583-601
Author(s):  
Adam Evans
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Party System ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Institutional Representation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scottish Politics

Since the Treaty and Acts of Union in 1707, Scotland has returned MPs to Westminster. Whilst dwarfed, at least demographically by its partner in that Union, England, Scotland has, on a number of occasions, punched above its weight at the Centre—most notably at either end of the twentieth century when Liberalism and then Labour dominated Scottish politics. This chapter examines the relationship of Scotland with the UK Parliament. It begins by placing this relationship in its historical context, before then turning to an audit of contemporary Scottish influence and representation at Westminster, post-devolution. This chapter does this by breaking down two of the main and interconnected dimensions of Scottish representation at Westminster: (1) Scottish parliamentarians and the Westminster party system; and (2) institutional representation within Parliament. This latter category includes both Scottish-specific institutional mechanisms, such as the Scottish Affairs Committee and the Scottish Grand Committee, and the broader Westminster apparatus that can be leveraged for influence, such as parliamentary question times.

scholarly journals Diet and overweight and obesity in populations of African origin: Cameroon, Jamaica and the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jackson ◽  
S Walker ◽  
JK Cruickshank ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
J Cade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Jamaican Women ◽  
Rural Cameroon ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dietary Data

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the relationship of diet to overweight and obesity among populations of African origin.Design and settingCross-sectional data were obtained from adults aged 25–74 years in rural Cameroon (n = 686), urban Cameroon (n = 975), Jamaica (n = 924) and Afro-Caribbeans in the UK (n = 257). Dietary data were collected using food-frequency questionnaires specifically designed for each site. Body mass index (BMI) was used as a measure of overweight.ResultsThe expected gradient in the distribution of overweight across sites was seen in females (rural Cameroon, 9.5%; urban Cameroon, 47.1%; Jamaica, 63.8%; UK, 71.6%); however, among males overweight was less prevalent in Jamaica (22.0%) than urban Cameroon (36.3%). In developing countries increased risks of overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg m− 2) were influenced by higher energy (urban Cameroonian men) and protein (Jamaican women) intakes. No dietary variables were associated with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg m− 2) in Cameroon or Jamaica. In the UK, energy intakes were inversely related with overweight whereas increased risks of being overweight were associated with higher protein (men) and fat (women) intakes. Similarly, whereas higher protein and fat intakes in UK men and women were associated with obesity, carbohydrate intakes were associated with decreased risks of obesity in men.ConclusionsDiet and overweight were associated in the UK but few dietary variables were related to overweight in Jamaica and the Cameroon. These findings suggest that associations between diet and overweight/obesity are not generalisable among populations.

scholarly journals Non-cultural detection and molecular genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from a piece of clothing

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iona M. C. Martin ◽  
Ellie Foreman ◽  
Vicky Hall ◽  
Anne Nesbitt ◽  
Greta Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is currently the gold standard for the definitive diagnosis of gonorrhoea and for use in medico-legal cases in the UK. Molecular detection methods are used increasingly but are untested as evidence of infection in a court of law. An isolate of N. gonorrhoeae was obtained from a child and an article of clothing from an adult male who was suspected of sexual abuse of the child. Biochemical and immunological tests were used to confirm the isolate as N. gonorrhoeae. Amplification by PCR using two targets, cppB and ompIII, was used both as further confirmation of the isolate and to detect the presence of gonococcal-specific DNA from the clothing. The relationship of the gonococcal DNA from the child and the adult was investigated using genotyping (N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing; NG-MAST), including a nested PCR for the por gene. Both samples were indistinguishable by NG-MAST and shared the same sequence type, 403. This is the first report of molecular detection and genotyping of N. gonorrhoeae on an article of clothing, which resulted in conviction of the man for sexual assault.

BBC Arabic TV: Participation and the Question of Public Diplomacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef Alshaer ◽  
Andrew Hill
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Audience Participation ◽  
Television Channel ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Program Point

AbstractThis article analyzes the launch in 2008 of the BBC's Arabic television channel. Drawing upon the work of Lacan, and in particular his conceptions of the discourses of the master and the hysteric, it examines how the channel has sought to position itself as providing a forum for audience participation and debate, and asks why the channel has sought to configure itself in these terms. Underpinning these questions stands the relationship of the BBC World Service (within which BBC Arabic is located), with the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The article takes as its focus the channel's 'flagship' discussion program Point of Debate. This program is contrasted with both traditional news broadcasting and Al-Jazeera's pioneering discussion program 'The Opposite Direction.' The paper examines how 'Point of Debate' has sought to encourage a form of questioning and debate that accords with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's public diplomacy objectives. It moves on to analyze the relationship between the intended appeal of the channel and the position it has sought to occupy in the crowded Arab news mediascape. The article concludes by assessing the challenges facing the channel as it attempts to achieve its aims.

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