scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Coding and Non-Coding Features within Insect Tolerance Loci in Wheat with Their Homologs in Cereal Genomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12349
Author(s):  
Tugdem Muslu ◽  
Bala Ani Akpinar ◽  
Sezgi Biyiklioglu-Kaya ◽  
Meral Yuce ◽  
Hikmet Budak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Causal Gene ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Cereal Genomes ◽  
Tolerance Gene

Food insecurity and malnutrition have reached critical levels with increased human population, climate fluctuations, water shortage; therefore, higher-yielding crops are in the spotlight of numerous studies. Abiotic factors affect the yield of staple food crops; among all, wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton) and orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana) are two of the most economically and agronomically harmful insect pests which cause yield loss in cereals, especially in wheat in North America. There is no effective strategy for suppressing this pest damage yet, and only the plants with intrinsic tolerance mechanisms such as solid stem phenotypes for WSS and antixenosis and/or antibiosis mechanisms for OWBM can limit damage. A major QTL and a causal gene for WSS resistance were previously identified in wheat, and 3 major QTLs and a causal gene for OWBM resistance. Here, we present a comparative analysis of coding and non-coding features of these loci of wheat across important cereal crops, barley, rye, oat, and rice. This research paves the way for our cloning and editing of additional WSS and OWBM tolerance gene(s), proteins, and metabolites.

Effect of planting dates and botanical insecticides against majorLepidopterous pests of cabbage: A review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dey ◽  
S. Routray ◽  
S. Baral ◽  
B. Mahantheshwara
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Pieris Brassicae ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Cabbage Butterfly ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Insect Infestations ◽  
Harvesting Stage

Cabbage (Brassicae oleracea var. capitata Linn.) is one of the most important and extensively cultivated vegetable crop because of its nutritional and economical values for producers and consumer point of view, respectively. The crop is prone for infestation by a number of insect pests consisting sucking and defoliating insects starting from germination to harvesting stage of the crop. In India, the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella Linneaus and cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linneaus are the major Lepidopterous pests of cabbage. Adjusting planting dates can sometimes help to avoid certain insect infestations and reduce the need for chemical control. Planting dates influence the crop performance due to changed biotic and abiotic factors. The time of planting of cabbage, which is a season bound crop, has profound effect on the incidence of diamond back moth and cabbage butterfly. Several insecticides have been recommended through ages to avert pest damage, but some broad-spectrum synthetic organic insecticides and biopesticides are effective for the control of these two Lepidopterous pests.

Eco-smart pest management in rice farming: prospects and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
SD Mohapatra ◽  
R Tripathi ◽  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Suchismita Kar ◽  
Minati Mohapatra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Disruptive Technologies ◽  
Hyper Spectral ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Computer Based

The insect problem is accentuated in intensive rice cropping where the insects occur throughout the year in overlapping generations. Over 800 insect species damaging rice in one way or another, although the majority of them do very little damage. In India, about a dozen of insect species are of major importance but the economic damage caused by these species varies greatly from field to field and from year to year. Insect pests cause about 10-15 per cent yield losses. Farmers lose an estimated average of 37% of their rice crop to insect pests and diseases every year. This review focuses on precision farming tools being used in rice pest and diseases management viz., forecasting model for real-time pest-advisory services, hyper-spectral remote sensing in pest damage assessment, computer-based decision support system, disruptive technologies (mobile apps).

The bioinformatics challenges in comparative analysis of cereal genomes?an overview

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bellgard ◽  
Jia Ye ◽  
T. Gojobori ◽  
R. Appels
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cereal Genomes

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF AGROCLIMATIC FACTORS ON THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF THE WAREHOUSE ENTOMOFAUNA IN STAVROPOL REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Pimenov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones

A comparative analysis of the number of identified species of warehouse entomofauna of bakery enterprises, depending on their location in agroclimatic zones, has been carried out. Moreover, the largest number of them was found in zones with insufficient and moderate moisture. The types of insect pests that are constantly encountered during monitoring in all climatic zones are listed. New species, previously unknown in the region, appear.

scholarly journals Use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) as a biopesticide in agriculture: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Kripa Adhikari ◽  
Sudip Bhandari ◽  
Dikshya Niraula ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Azadirachtin A ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a member of Meliaceae family, a fast-growing tropical evergreen plant whose products were found effective against economically important insect pests and diseases. All parts of this plant particularly leaf, bark, and root extracts have the biopesticidal activities. Azadirachtin, a biopesticide obtained from neem extract, can be used for con-trolling various insect pests in agriculture. It acts on insects by repelling them, by inhibiting feeding, and by disrupting their growth, and reproduction. Neem-based formulations do not usually kill insects directly, but they can alter their behavior in significant ways to reduce pest damage to crops and reduce their reproductive potential. The neem is considered as an eas-ily accessible, eco-friendly, biodegradable, cheap, and non-toxic biopesticide which control the target pests. Thus, this re-view highlighted the extract, byproducts and roles of neem that can be used as potential biopesticide in agriculture.

scholarly journals Elevated CO2 and Temperature Resetting the Expression of Resistance, Pest Incidence, Geographical Distribution and Physiology in Insect-pests of Grain Legumes: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Jat ◽  
P. Pagaria ◽  
A.S. Jat ◽  
H.D. Choudhary ◽  
T. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Elevated Co2 And Temperature

The most important factor that affects the crop production in terms of nutritional content of foliar plants is the global climate change. Herbivore’s growth, development, survival and geographical distribution all are determined by elevated CO2 and temperature. The interactions between herbivores and plants have changed due to increasing level of CO2 and temperature. The effect of high CO2 and temperature on grain legume plant which change in to plant physiology (e.g., nutritional content, foliage biomass) and how it change in herbivory metabolism rate and food consumption rate. Plant injury is determined by two factors viz. resistance and tolerance and both are influenced by greater CO2 and temperature. Legumes are an important source of food and feed in the form of proteins and also improve the soil environment. The repercussions of the abiotic factors mentioned above needs discussion among the scientific community. We may able to limit the negative repercussions of stated factors in future breeding projects by harnessing the practical favourable impacts and by including such influences of elevated CO2 and temperature on pulses productivity. The extensive research is necessary to overcome the negative effects of high CO2 and temperature on insect-plant interaction.

Influence of Abiotic Factors on Population Dynamics of Major Insect Pests of Mulberry

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Rahmathull ◽  
K. Sathyanara ◽  
B.S. Angadi
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors

A Survey of Five Stem-Feeding Insect Pests of Wheat in the Northern Great Plains

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Shanower ◽  
Debra K. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Extension Programs ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Sawfly Larvae ◽  
Low Levels

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephas cinctus Norton, the wheat stem maggot, Meromyza americana Fitch, the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), the wheat jointworm, Tetramesa tritici (Fitch), and the wheat strawworm, Tetramesa grandis (Riley), have long been considered wheat pests in the northern Great Plains. This paper reports results of surveys for these pests conducted over 3 yrs in parts of Montana (10 counties), North Dakota (14 counties), South Dakota (1 county), Nebraska (4 counties) and Wyoming (1 county). Fields were randomly selected and a mean of 191 stems were sampled from each field. The percentage of stems infested with each pest was recorded. The percentage of parasitized wheat stem sawfly larvae also was noted. The wheat stem sawfly, wheat stem maggot, and Hessian fly were the most commonly encountered pests, recorded in nearly every county. Wheat stem sawfly density was twice that of wheat stem maggot (7% vs 3.2%) in infested fields. Wheat stem sawfly densities exceeded 10% in 4 counties: Daniels and Wibaux in MT, Golden Valley, ND and Goshen, WY. Wheat stem sawfly parasitism was low and positively correlated with sawfly infestation. Wheat stem maggot infestations were low (<11% for all fields), averaging 3.2% among infested fields. Hessian fly densities were much lower (2.2% among infested fields) than reported elsewhere in the U.S. The wheat jointworm and strawworm were absent from most fields and only occasionally found at low levels (<1% and <3.5% respectively, among infested fields). This information will help to prioritize wheat insect pest management research and extension programs in this region.

PEST DAMAGE AND INSECT FAUNA OF NOVA SCOTIA APPLE ORCHARDS: 1953–1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. MacLellan
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
General Decline

AbstractAnnual assessments from 1953 to 1977 of insect damage to the preharvest crop in apple orchards in Nova Scotia show a general decline in injury, except for 1966–68. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) and fruit chewing insects (chiefly Operophtera brumata (L.), Alsophila pometaria (L.), Orthosia hibisci Guenee, Lithophane spp., and Xylena spp.) caused the greatest amount of fruit damage. Dysaphis plantaginea (Pass.), Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), and Atractotomus mali (Meyer) were serious in some years. In integrated control program orchards the proportion of fruit damaged was twice that in preventative pesticide orchards. Fruit destined for processing had more injury than fruit destined for the fresh fruit market.Population levels of the major insect pests and their natural enemies were monitored regularly and gave early warning of threatening levels of pests. Generally predator population levels were high during periods of selective insecticide use but were low when widely toxic insecticides were introduced into the integrated control program.

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