scholarly journals The Role of Plant Hormones in the Interaction of Colletotrichum Species with Their Host Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12454
Author(s):  
Thomas Svoboda ◽  
Michael R. Thon ◽  
Joseph Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Auxin Production ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Common Infection

Colletotrichum is a plant pathogenic fungus which is able to infect virtually every economically important plant species. Up to now no common infection mechanism has been identified comparing different plant and Colletotrichum species. Plant hormones play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions regardless whether they are symbiotic or pathogenic. In this review we analyze the role of ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, auxin and salicylic acid during Colletotrichum infections. Different Colletotrichum strains are capable of auxin production and this might contribute to virulence. In this review the role of different plant hormones in plant—Colletotrichum interactions will be discussed and thereby auxin biosynthetic pathways in Colletotrichum spp. will be proposed.

scholarly journals Species Diversity in Colletotrichum Causing Anthracnose of Aromatic and Ornamental Lamiaceae in Italy

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guarnaccia ◽  
Gilardi ◽  
Martino ◽  
Garibaldi ◽  
Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

Species of Colletotrichum are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of host plants. In Italy, several Colletotrichum species have been reported in glasshouse environments. In this study, we have explored the occurrence, diversity, and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. associated with aromatic and ornamental plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Surveys were carried out during the 2011–2018 period in Liguria and Piedmont, Italy. A total of 19 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from symptomatic leaves and seeds of Ocimum basilicum (basil), Origanum vulgare (oregano) and different Salvia spp. A multi-locus phylogeny was established based on the basis of four genomic loci (ITS, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2). The aggressiveness of selected, representative isolates were tested. Colletotrichum isolates were identified as being members of three major species complexes: C. acutatum, C. destructivum, and C. gloeosporioides. Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. bryonicola, and C. fructicola were found in association with leaf lesions on Salvia leucantha, S. nemorosa, and S. greggii, respectively. Colletotrichum nigrum was isolated from twig lesions of S. greggii. Moreover, C. fioriniae and C. ocimi were found to be responsible for causing leaf anthracnose of oregano and basil, respectively. All the tested isolates were pathogenic and reproduced identical symptoms to those observed in commercial glasshouses. The present study improves our understanding of Colletotrichum species associated with several hosts belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which are cultivated extensively throughout Italy for different purpose, and provides information that may be useful for an effective disease management program.

scholarly journals Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Fruit Plantations

In tropical fruit crops, anthracnose is mainly caused by species belonging to the fungal genus, Colletotrichum. These phytopathogens can infect several parts of the fruit crops; however, infection during postharvest or ripening stages is responsible for major economic losses. Due to the formation of black to dark brown sunken lesions on the fruit surface, anthracnose reduces fruit quality and marketability. Among the most common tropical fruit crops susceptible to anthracnose are mango, papaya, banana, avocado, guava, and dragon fruit; these are economically relevant products in many developing countries. It is important to document that the newly recorded Colletotrichum spp. associated with fruit anthracnose can infect multiple hosts, but some species may be host-specific. By using multiple markers, many phylogenetic species of Colletotrichum have been reported as anthracnose-causing pathogens. Taking into account that disease management strategies strongly rely on adequate knowledge of the causative agents, updated information on Colletotrichum species and the hazard posed by the most recently identified species in tropical fruit plantations and harvested fruits becomes vital. Besides, the newly recorded species may be important for biosecurity and should be listed as quarantine pathogens, considering that tropical fruits are traded worldwide.

The Role of Glutathione in Biosynthetic Pathways and Regulation of the Eicosanoid Metabolism

Glutathione ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Ralf Morgenstern ◽  
Jesper Z. Haeggström ◽  
Per-Johan Jakobsson ◽  
Leopold Flohé
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Eicosanoid Metabolism

scholarly journals Role of Plant Hormones in Flowering and Exogenous Hormone Application in Fruit/Nut Trees: a review of Pecans

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
◽  
Niels Maness ◽  
Louise Ferguson ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Exogenous Hormone

scholarly journals The molecular and genetic regulation of shoot branching

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Luo ◽  
Bart J Janssen ◽  
Kimberley C Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Axillary Meristem ◽  
Subsequent Growth

One sentence summary The key regulatory genes and the role of multiple plant hormones coordinate the process of axillary meristem initiation and subsequent growth into a branch.

scholarly journals The Role of Dimorphism Regulating Histidine Kinase (Drk1) in the Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Cell Wall

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Marina Valente Navarro ◽  
Yasmin Nascimento de Barros ◽  
Wilson Dias Segura ◽  
Alison Felipe Alencar Chaves ◽  
Grasielle Pereira Jannuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Control Group

Dimorphic fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus are the causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an endemic disease in Latin America with a high incidence in Brazil. This pathogen presents as infective mycelium at 25 °C in the soil, reverting to its pathogenic form when inhaled by the mammalian host (37 °C). Among these dimorphic fungal species, dimorphism regulating histidine kinase (Drk1) plays an essential role in the morphological transition. These kinases are present in bacteria and fungi but absent in mammalian cells and are important virulence and cellular survival regulators. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of PbDrk1 in the cell wall modulation of P. brasiliensis. We observed that PbDrk1 participates in fungal resistance to different cell wall-disturbing agents by reducing viability after treatment with iDrk1. To verify the role of PbDRK1 in cell wall morphogenesis, qPCR results showed that samples previously exposed to iDrk1 presented higher expression levels of several genes related to cell wall modulation. One of them was FKS1, a β-glucan synthase that showed a 3.6-fold increase. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis and flow cytometry showed higher β-glucan exposure on the cell surface of P. brasiliensis after incubation with iDrk1. Accordingly, through phagocytosis assays, a significantly higher phagocytic index was observed in yeasts treated with iDrk1 than the control group, demonstrating the role of PbDrk1 in cell wall modulation, which then becomes a relevant target to be investigated. In parallel, the immune response profile showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, our data strongly suggest that PbDrk1 modulates cell wall component expression, among which we can identify β-glucan. Understanding this signalling pathway may be of great value for identifying targets of antifungal molecular activity since HKs are not present in mammals.

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