scholarly journals A Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome Causes Phenotype-Associated Morphological Changes and Hypofunction of the Adrenal Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13235
Author(s):  
Vadim Tseilikman ◽  
Maria Komelkova ◽  
Marina V. Kondashevskaya ◽  
Eugenia Manukhina ◽  
H. Fred Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Rats exposed to chronic predator scent stress mimic the phenotype of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in humans, including altered adrenal morphology and function. High- and low-anxiety phenotypes have been described in rats exposed to predator scent stress (PSS). This study aimed to determine whether these high- and low-anxiety phenotypes correlate with changes in adrenal histomorphology and corticosteroid production. Methods: Rats were exposed to PSS for ten days. Thirty days later, the rats’ anxiety index (AI) was assessed with an elevated plus-maze test. Based on differences in AI, the rats were segregated into low- (AI ≤ 0.8, n = 9) and high- (AI > 0.8, n = 10) anxiety phenotypes. Plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were measured by ELISA. Adrenal CORT, desoxyCORT, and 11-dehydroCORT were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. After staining with hematoxylin and eosin, adrenal histomorphometric changes were evaluated by measuring the thickness of the functional zones of the adrenal cortex. Results: Decreased plasma CORT concentrations, as well as decreased adrenal CORT, desoxyCORT and 11-dehydroCORT concentrations, were observed in high- but not in low-anxiety phenotypes. These decreases were associated with increases in AI. PSS led to a significant decrease in the thickness of the zona fasciculata and an increase in the thickness of the zona intermedia. The increase in the thickness of the zona intermedia was more pronounced in low-anxiety than in high-anxiety rats. A decrease in the adrenal capsule thickness was observed only in low-anxiety rats. The nucleus diameter of cells in the zona fasciculata of high-anxiety rats was significantly smaller than that of control or low-anxiety rats. Conclusion: Phenotype-associated changes in adrenal function and histomorphology were observed in a rat model of complex post-traumatic stress disorder.

scholarly journals Selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonism significantly attenuates stress-induced immobility in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

Synapse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. e22035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onarae V. Rice ◽  
Charles R. Ashby ◽  
Clark Dixon ◽  
William Laurenzo ◽  
Jason Hayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Dopamine D3 Receptor ◽  
D3 Receptor ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dopamine D3 ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Selective Dopamine

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-Induced Memory Impairment

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laiali Alquraan ◽  
Karem H. Alzoubi ◽  
Hana Hammad ◽  
Suzie Y. Rababa’h ◽  
Fadia Mayyas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can happen after exposure to a traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder is common among mental health disorders that include mood and anxiety disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids (OMGs) are essential for the maintenance of brain function and prevention of cognition dysfunctions. However, the possible effect of OMG on memory impairment induced by PTSD has not been studied. In here, such an effect was explored using a rat model of PTSD. The PTSD-like behavior was induced in animals using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD (2 h restraint, 20 min forced swimming, 15 min rest, 1–2 min diethyl ether exposure). The OMG was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/100 g body weight/day. Spatial learning and memory were assessed using the radial arm water maze (RAWM) method. Changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and brain derived neuroptrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus following treatments were measured. The results revealed that SPS impaired both short- and long-term memory (p < 0.05). Use of OMG prevented memory impairment induced by SPS. Furthermore, OMG normalized SPS induced changes in the hippocampus that reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratios, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and TBARSs levels. In conclusion, the SPS model of PTSD-like behavior generated memory impairment, whereas OMG prevented this impairment, possibly through normalizing antioxidant mechanisms in the hippocampus.

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