scholarly journals Biological Role, Mechanism of Action and the Importance of Interleukins in Kidney Diseases

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Paulina Mertowska ◽  
Sebastian Mertowski ◽  
Iwona Smarz-Widelska ◽  
Ewelina Grywalska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Late Detection

Each year, the number of patients who are diagnosed with kidney disease too late is increasing, which leads to permanent renal failure. This growing problem affects people of every age, sex and origin, and its full etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, although the involvement of genetic susceptibility, infections, immune disorders or high blood pressure is suggested. Difficulties in making a correct and quick diagnosis are caused by the lack of research on early molecular markers, as well as educational and preventive activities among the public, which leads to the late detection of kidney diseases. An important role in the homeostasis and disease progression, including kidney diseases, is attributed to interleukins, which perform several biological functions and interact with other cells and tissues of the body. The aim of this article was to systematize the knowledge about the biological functions performed by interleukins in humans and their involvement in kidney diseases development. In our work, we took into account the role of interleukins in acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney transplantation.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney diseases: Role of Vitamin-K and Vitamin-D

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Varapete ◽  
Ravindra B N ◽  
Jerin S Shaji ◽  
Yaseen Mulla ◽  
Jiss P Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum

Chronic kidney disease is the most common form of kidney disease and high blood pressure is the most common cause the pressure on the glomeruli increases due to high blood pressure which can prove to be very dangerous. Lack in VITAMIN D isn't restricted to the dynamic chemical, calcitriol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) is likewise insufficient in many patients with constant kidney sickness (CKD), free of their fundamental renal capacity. Diminishes in calcitriol happen generally right off the bat in the movement of kidney illness and may originate before the increment in PTH. These progressions in calcitriol and PTH add to the upkeep of moderately ordinary serum and calcium fixations until the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) diminishes to <20–25%; nonetheless, the outcome is the potential advancement of bone and vascular sickness. Vitamin K intake and long-term vitamin K status are expressed by a high percentage of undercarboxylated OC (uOC). Vitamin D, which is needed for uOC development, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is often elevated in patients with CKD, are also affected by osteocalcin levels. Therefore, elevated serum uOC is present in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with hyperparathyroidism, but this does not generally mean that they are deficient in vitamin K.

STEROID RECEPTOR PHENOTYPE, EXPRESSION OF HER-2/NEU, PD-1, PD-L1 AND LYMPHOCYTIC-MACROPHAGAL INFILTRATION OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMAS: COMPARISON OF MODERN MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TYPES OF THE DISEASE (THE ROLE OF BODY MASS INDEX)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Lev Bershteyn ◽  
Aleksandr Ivantsov ◽  
Aglaya Ievleva ◽  
A. Venina ◽  
I. Berlev
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Her 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate steroid receptors’ status of tumor tissue in different molecular biological types of endometrial cancer (EC), subdivided according to the current classification, and their colonization by lymphocytic and macrophage cells, taking into account body mass index of the patients. Materials and methods: Material from treatment-naive patients with EC (total n = 229) was included; the number of sick persons varied depending on the method used. The average age of patients was close to 60 years, and about 90% of them were postmenopausal. It was possible to divide the results of the work into two main subgroups: a) depending on the molecular biological type of the tumor (determined on the basis of genetic and immunohistochemical analysis), and b) depending on the value of the body mass index (BMI). The latter approach was used in patients with EC type demonstrating a defective mismatch repair of the incorrectly paired nucleotides (MMR-D) and with a type without characteristic molecular profile signs (WCMP), but was not applied (due to the smaller number of patients) in EC types with a POLE gene mutation or with expression of the oncoprotein p53. According to the data obtained, when comparing various types of EC, the lowest values of Allred ER and PR scores were revealed for POLE-mutant and p53 types, while the “triple-negative” variant of the tumor (ER-, PR-, HER2/neu-) was most common in POLE-mutant (45.5% of cases) and WCMP (19.4%) types of EC. The p53+ type of EC is characterized by inclination to the higher expression of the macrophage marker CD68 and lymphocytic Foxp3, as well as mRNA of PD-1 and SALL4. In addition to the said above, for WCMP type of EC is peculiar, on the contrary, a decrease in the expression of lymphocytic markers CD8 (protein) and PD-L1 (mRNA). When assessing the role of BMI, its value of >30.0 (characteristic for obesity) was combined with an inclination to the increase of HER-2/neu expression in the case of MMR-D EC type and to the decrease of HER-2 /neu, FOXp3 and ER expression in WCMP type. Conclusions: The accumulated information (mainly describing here hormonal sensitivity of the tumor tissue and its lymphocytic-macrophage infiltration) additionally confirms our earlier expressed opinion that the differences between women with EC are determined by both the affiliation of the neoplasm to one or another molecular biological type (subdivided according to the contemporary classification), as well as by body mass value and (very likely) the associated hormonal and metabolic attributes.

scholarly journals GENETIC KIDNEY DISEASES AS AN UNDERECOGNIZED CAUSE OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE KEY ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY REPORTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Torra ◽  
Mónica Furlano ◽  
Alberto Ortiz ◽  
Elisabet Ars
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Monogenic Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy

Abstract Inherited kidney diseases (IKDs) are among the leading causes of early-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are responsible for at least 10–15% of cases of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in adults. Pediatric nephrologists are very aware of the high prevalence of IKDs among their patients, but this is not the case for adult nephrologists. Recent publications have demonstrated that monogenic diseases account for a significant percentage of adult cases of CKD. A substantial number of these patients have received a non-specific/incorrect diagnosis or a diagnosis of CKD of unknown etiology, which precludes correct treatment, follow-up and genetic counseling. There are a number of reasons why genetic kidney diseases are difficult to diagnose in adulthood: a) adult nephrologists, in general, are not knowledgeable about IKDs, b) existence of atypical phenotypes, c) genetic testing is not universally available, d) family history is not always available or may be negative, e) lack of knowledge of various genotype–phenotype relationships, f) conflicting interpretation of the pathogenicity of many sequence variants.

The Emerging Role of Epigenetic Methylation in Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wen ◽  
Hong-liu Yang ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Ping Fu
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Histone Methylation ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Epigenetic Methylation

: Kidney disease has complex and multifactorial pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that epigenetic methylation changes, namely DNA methylation, histone methylation and non-histone methylation, are strongly implicated in various forms of kidney diseases. This review provides a perspective on the emerging role of epigenetic methylation in kidney disease, including the effects of DNA methylation in diverse promoter regions, regulation and implication of histone methylation, and recent advances and potential directions related to non-histone methylation. Monitoring or targeting epigenetic methylation has potential to contribute to development of therapeutic approaches for multiple kidney diseases.

The UK as victim and hero in the Sun’s coverage of the Brexit ‘humiliation’

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-662
Author(s):  
Franco Zappettini
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tabloid Journalism ◽  
Tabloid Press ◽  
The Eu

This paper discusses how emotions were mobilised by the British tabloid press as discursive strategies of persuasion during the public debate on the implementation of Brexit. Using the case study of the Suns coverage of the alleged UKs humiliation at the Salzburg meeting (2018) during the Brexit negotiations, the analysis addresses the questions of how and through which linguistic means actors and events were framed discursively in such an article. The findings suggest that The Sun elicited emotions of fear, frustration, pride, and freedom to frame Brexit along a long-established narrative of domination and national heroism. The discourse was also sustained by a discursive prosody in keeping with a satirical genre and a populist register that have often characterised the British tabloid press. In particular the linguistic analysis has shown how antagonistic representations of the UK and the EU were driven by an allegory of incompetent gangsterism and morally justified resistance. Emotionalisation in the article was thus aimed both at ridiculing the EU and at representing it as a criminal organisation. Such framing was instrumental in pushing the newspaper agenda as much as in legitimising and institutionalising harder forms of Brexit with the tabloids readership. Approaching journalist discourse at the intersection of affective, stylistic, and political dimensions of communication, this paper extends the body of literature on the instrumental use of emotive arguments and populist narratives and on the wider historical role of tabloid journalism in representing political relations. between the UK and the EU.

scholarly journals Intercorrências Clínicas em Hemodiálise Ambulatorial: Intervenções do Enfermeiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Vânia Aparecida dos Santos ◽  
Haroldo Ferreira Araújo ◽  
Marcio Luiz Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapies ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Volume Of Fluids ◽  
Do So

Os rins têm função vital, pois são responsáveis pela eliminação de toxinas, regulação do volume de líquidos e pela filtragem do sangue (filtram, por minuto, em média 20% do volume sanguíneo bombeado pelo coração). Dessa forma, a função renal é avaliada com base na filtração glomerular (FG) e sua redução é observada na doença renal crônica (DRC), quando ocorre a perda das funções reguladora, excretora e endócrina dos rins. Desequilíbrios esses que podem ser de consequência vascular, por comorbidade secundária, por doença renal secundária a drogas ou agentes tóxicos, infecções urinárias de repetição, doença de próstata, doenças policísticas renal, entre outras. Nas terapias renais substitutivas, a diálise é empregada para remover líquidos e produtos residuais urêmicos do organismo, quando o corpo não consegue mais fazê-lo. Tendo em vista que o procedimento hemodialítico tem complicações potenciais, considera-se vital  que o enfermeiro deva estar apto para intervir em tais intercorrências, portanto, ficando evidente a importância deste estudo. Objetiva-se, portanto, descrever as intervenções do enfermeiro em intercorrências clínicas durante a hemodiálise ambulatorial, bem como descrever as principais intercorrências durante as sessões de hemodiálise ambulatorial e se há protocolos específicos de intervenções do enfermeiro em intercorrências com o paciente dialítico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa da literatura, pois esta metodologia de revisão tem por propósito realizar uma dada síntese rigorosa de todas as pesquisas encontradas relacionadas a uma questão específica.   Palavras-chave: Enfermagem. Hemodiálise. Intercorrências   Abstract The kidneys have a vital function, as they are responsible for eliminating toxins, regulating the volume of fluids and filtering the blood (they filter, on average, 20% of the blood volume pumped by the heart per minute). Thus, renal function is assessed based on glomerular filtration (FG) and its reduction is seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD), when the loss of the kidneys regulatory, excretory and endocrine functions occurs. These imbalances can be of vascular consequence, secondary comorbidity, kidney disease secondary to drugs or toxic agents, recurrent urinary infections, prostate disease, polycystic kidney diseases, among others. In renal replacement therapies, dialysis is used to remove uremic fluids and waste products from the body when the body is unable to do so. Bearing in mind that the hemodialysis procedure has potential complications, it is considered nodal that the nurse must be able to intervene in such complications, therefore, the importance of this study is evident. Therefore, the objective is to describe the nurse's interventions in clinical complications during the outpatient hemodialysis, as well as to describe the main complications during the outpatient hemodialysis sessions and if there are specific protocols for the nurse interventions in complications with dialysis patients. It is an integrative literature review research, since this review methodology aims to perform a given rigorous synthesis of all the studies found related to a specific issue.   Keywords: Nursing. Hemodialysis. Complications

The Potential Role of Catheter-Based Renal Sympathetic Denervation in Chronic and End-Stage Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Sata ◽  
Markus P. Schlaich
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Sympathetic activation is a hallmark of chronic and end-stage renal disease and adversely affects cardiovascular prognosis. Hypertension is present in the vast majority of these patients and plays a key role in the progressive deterioration of renal function and the high rate of cardiovascular events in this patient cohort. Augmentation of renin release, tubular sodium reabsorption, and renal vascular resistance are direct consequences of efferent renal sympathetic nerve stimulation and the major components of neural regulation of renal function. Renal afferent nerve activity directly influences sympathetic outflow to the kidneys and other highly innervated organs involved in blood pressure control via hypothalamic integration. Renal denervation of the kidney has been shown to reduce blood pressure in many experimental models of hypertension. Targeting the renal nerves directly may therefore be specifically useful in patients with chronic and end-stage renal disease. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of catheter-based renal denervation in patients with impaired kidney function and also reflect on the potential impact on other cardiovascular conditions commonly associated with chronic kidney disease such as heart failure and arrhythmias.

A shell for the body and mind

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Atkinson ◽  
Sarah Blandy
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Psychic Development ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Us ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Deep Sense

This chapter considers the meaning and importance of more psychological aspects of the private home. Homeownership has been argued to provide us with a deep sense of security of being in troubled times, when trust in community has been lost. Psychoanalytic and sociological theories of consumption practices are used here to examine the role of psychic development as it occurs within the home. Two functions of the home in particular are examined here, illustrated through fairy stories, fiction and films. First, the home's role as a bridge or mediator to the public world outside the home, meaning that a child's preparation for the outside world is largely dependent on parental perceptions of risk and insecurity. Second, the private (fearful) world inside what Freud termed the unheimlich home, hiding dreadful secrets. The current emphasis on control of outsiders' access to the home, and the developing culture of respecting others' homes as entirely private places, may make the home a domestic prison for its less powerful residents: women and children. Feminist analyses of the development of gender roles in the home and data on domestic violence show the dark underbelly of the sanctified private home. Although some homes are havens, others can be the site of domestic slavery and even more disturbing examples of power and abuse, such as Fred West, and the imprisonment of Fritzl's daughter in Austria and Jaycee Dugard in the US.

Crimes against the body: causing harm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alannah Tomkins
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lay Public

Medical practitioners who were accused of committing violent crime against the bodies of people other than patients presented both the profession and the public with a problem. Both professional bodies and the lay public desired doctors to be social heroes, inhabiting the role of expert witness and protecting the body rather than appearing as a defendant. This study of practitioners accused of either rape or murder finds the limits of medical competition, as men accused of rape were likely to be acquitted to courtroom applause. Medical murderers, on the other hand, offered the profession viable scapegoats to reinforce the impression that the medical fraternity was willing to admit to limited instances of wrong-doing.

Sex, Work, and the Victorians

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Deviance ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Stimulation Of

Focusing on Victorian England, this chapter examines how sex was increasingly constructed as something that was primarily biological in nature, and how this was bound up with discourses of prostitution as a threat to the reproduction of the body politic. In the first section, the author considers how the pathologization of commercial sex as abnormal and unhealthy worked to naturalize the public/private split on which capitalist development rested. In the second section, the author connects the medical, moral, and juridical regulation of sex work to the suppression and stimulation of other modes of sexual deviance including homosexuality. In the final section, the author explores the role of race and empire in constituting white, bourgeois sexuality as natural, privileged, and the antithesis of commercialized sex.

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