scholarly journals Information Dynamics in Complex Systems Negates a Dichotomy between Chance and Necessity

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Georg F. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Information Dynamics ◽  
Linear Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Decision Points ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

Entropy increases in the execution of linear physical processes. At equilibrium, all uncertainty about the future is removed and information about the past is lost. Complex systems, on the other hand, can lead to the emergence of order, sustain uncertainty about the future, and generate new information to replace all old information about the system in finite time. The Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy for events and the Kolmogorov–Chaitin complexity for strings of numbers both approximate Shannon’s entropy (an indicator for the removal of uncertainty), indicating that information production is equivalent to the degree of complexity of an event. Thus, in the execution of non-linear processes, information entropy is inseparably tied to thermodynamic entropy. Therein, the critical decision points (bifurcations), which can exert lasting impact on the evolution of the future (the “butterfly effect”), defy the definition of being either born from randomness or from determination. Nevertheless, their information evolution and degree of complexity are amenable to measurement and can meaningfully replace the dichotomy of chance versus necessity. Common anthropomorphic perceptions do not accurately account for the transient durability of information, the potential for major consequences by small actions, or the absence of a discernible opposition between coincidence and inevitability.

Looking backward to the future: Counter-memory as oppositional knowledge-production in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifat Gutman
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Future ◽  
Peace Activism ◽  
Activist Groups

This article examines a strategy of peace activism that gained visibility in the last decades: memory activism. Memory activists manifest a temporal shift in transnational politics: first the past, then the future. Affiliated with the globally-circulating paradigm of historical justice, memory activist groups assume that a new understanding of the past could lead to a new perception of present problems and project alternative solutions for the future. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and discourse analysis among memory activists of the 1948 war in Israel since 2001, the article examines the activist production of counter-memory during active conflict. Using Coy et al.’s typology of oppositional knowledge-production, the article shows how the largest group of memory activism in Israel produced ‘new’ information on the war, critically assessed the dominant historical narrative, offered an alternative shared narrative, and began to envision practical solutions for Palestinian refugees. However, the analysis raises additional concerns that reach beyond the scope of the typology, primarily regarding the unequal power relations that exist not only between the dominant and activist production of oppositional knowledge, but also among activists.

The Static Aeroelasticity of Slender Configurations

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Static Stability ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Flexible Aircraft ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plate Models ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Future ◽  
Static Aeroelasticity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Image Position

SummaryThe validity and applicability of the static margin (stick fixed) Kn,where as defined by Gates and Lyon is shown to be restricted to the conventional flexible aircraft. Alternative suggestions for the definition of static margin are put forward which can be equally applied to the conventional flexible aircraft of the past and the integrated flexible aircraft of the future. Calculations have been carried out on simple slender plate models with both linear and non-linear aerodynamic forces to assess their static stability characteristics.

scholarly journals Peak Document and the Future of History

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
J. R. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Future

Abstract Among the ongoing revolutions in historical research is the flood of new information about the past that comes not from written documents but from the natural sciences and archaeology. What might this mean for the profession of history, and for our training and institutional practices? How might it affect our research and interpretations of the past? Which fields of history will be most and least affected? I argue for a cautious embrace of the new data about the past coming from the paleosciences, offering a few examples of the promise and perils presented by the work of our natural science and archaeology colleagues. With each passing year, the proportion of our knowledge of the past that derives from the kinds of documents we have learned to read and interpret will shrink, and the proportion that derives from what to most of us are unfamiliar sciences will mount. This has implications. First, the deeper past might make a comeback. The last century or two are the best documented and will likely be least affected by the flood. The intellectual excitement may tip toward the study of earlier centuries where relative significance of information in other formats is greater. Second, the ways in which we train historians may need to change. A possible partial guide to our future as historians is the experience of precolonial Africanists, who are accustomed to research without written documents.

scholarly journals Autonomy and the Perspectives of Its Artificial Implementation

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Marcin J. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Definition Of

Whichever definition of autonomy is used, it is usually formulated in a negative way by the absence, rather than presence, of the defining factors. Some definitions refer to the absence of external causes, physical determination, coercion or control. If positive factors are used, autonomy is associated with the shift from effective causes to final ones. Both approaches, the former of which is based on the elimination of determinism to secure free choice, and the latter of which is based on the replacement of determination by the past by determination by the future, are inconsistent with the scientific description of reality. This paper is an attempt to provide the positive, constructive characterization of autonomy consistent with the scientific view of reality, which can guide us in our search for its implementation in artefacts.

scholarly journals Myles Brand’s College Sports Sustainability: “Amateurism”, Finances, and Institutional Balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Fort
Keyword(s):  
Academic Integrity ◽  
College Sports ◽  
Athletic Department ◽  
The Past ◽  
University Mission ◽  
Central Elements ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

As NCAA President, Myles Brand championed three major college sports initiatives: academic integrity, diversity, and sustainability. This paper is about the last. The first step is to distill the elements of college sports that Brand identified repeatedly in his documents and speeches on sustainability. The central elements are the NCAA definition of “amateurism”, athletic department finances, and balance between athletic and academic spending as a part of the university mission. An assessment of these three suggests that NCAA amateurism has changed since his death, in ways Brand stated should raise worries about sustainability. Finances and balance within the university have changed very little over the past ten years and appear sustainable into the future.

scholarly journals SOCIO-POLITICAL VIEWS OF TURKISH THINKERS AS A BASIS OF RELATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
R. Kulakhmetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Indirect Communication ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the fact that when studying the content, nature and types of modern relations, ignorance of the main historical stages of their development leads to many difficulties. The main goal of the author is to determine the foundations of indirect communication between people according to the views expressed in the works of the thinkers of the Turkic world and Kazakh scientists. The article considers the scientist as a developer of new knowledge that unites the past and the future, revives the material and spiritual culture, and analyzes his individuality, assessing the period after his death. Determine its impact on the work of the next generation of scientists; A scientist has three different characteristics: the definition of the field in which his scientific work is applied in practice, and the relationship of his scientific heritage at different stages. As a result, the future creativity of the scientist will be assessed. In this regard, the works of al-Farabi, J. Balasagun, K.A. Yassaui, M. Kashgari, A. Yu. Yugnaki, S. Bakyrgani, M. Kh. Dulati are analyzed.

scholarly journals Autonomy and the Perspectives of Its Artificial Implementation

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Marcin J. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Definition Of

Whichever definition of autonomy is used, it is usually formulated in a negative way by the absence, rather than presence, of the defining factors. Some definitions refer to the absence of external causes, physical determination, coercion or control. If positive factors are used, autonomy is associated with the shift from effective causes to final ones. Both approaches, the former of which is based on the elimination of determinism to secure free choice, and the latter of which is based on the replacement of determination by the past by determination by the future, are inconsistent with the scientific description of reality. This paper is an attempt to provide the positive, constructive characterization of autonomy consistent with the scientific view of reality, which can guide us in our search for its implementation in artefacts.

E-Marketplaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Miri Lavassani ◽  
Bahar Miri Movahedi ◽  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a review of the historical evolution and development in the field of Electronic Marketplaces (EMs) and explores the classifications of EMs. The authors employ a systematic approach to propose a comprehensive definition of EMs and their application with reference to recent advances in the study of EMs. Based on the review of the most cited definitions of EM in the literature of the past three decades, we propose a comprehensive definition of EM in this chapter. This chapter also identifies several classifications of EMs. There is a gap in the literature for a multi-dimensional classification system of EMs. Therefore, for the purpose of further exploration of the notion of EMs, this chapter provides an explicit review of the different classification models of EMs and presents a nine-dimensional taxonomy of EMs. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future trends in the field of EMs and a chapter summary.

The evolution of culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Станислав Борзых ◽  
Stanislav Borzyh
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Definition Of

This book offers a special view on the culture from the position of evolution theory. It begins with definition of culture and concludes that it is a way, by which those species who possess it survive like that do those who have, say, claws, teeth or wings or any other such device and contraption. In this light culture is the same as these features and nothing more. Therefore, it can be recognized and detected in many species and not only in humans. Culture also consists of special units, which can be comparable to instruments or technologies we have. They too are the subjects to evolutionary processes and so they develop and become more complicated during the time. Thus, it is supposed that culture has developed as it is characteristic for all living organisms and all their organs and treats. In fact and in essence culture is a specifically human or otherwise way of survival, our own answer on those natural conditions, in which we found ourselves in the past and which surrounded us in those times we became separate species. Besides there are scrutinized the past, the present and the future of culture through the lens of its new understanding. All what happened in our history though wasn’t in any sense anticipated nevertheless was logical and consistent with stimuli on which we reacted. And this includes civilization as well as the present state of things and affairs without some exceptions. We are only primates who try to survive with those instruments and means we possess, and nothing more than this.

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