scholarly journals Corporate Governance of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Interest

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Peter Cihon ◽  
Jonas Schuett ◽  
Seth D. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
The U.S

Corporations play a major role in artificial intelligence (AI) research, development, and deployment, with profound consequences for society. This paper surveys opportunities to improve how corporations govern their AI activities so as to better advance the public interest. The paper focuses on the roles of and opportunities for a wide range of actors inside the corporation—managers, workers, and investors—and outside the corporation—corporate partners and competitors, industry consortia, nonprofit organizations, the public, the media, and governments. Whereas prior work on multistakeholder AI governance has proposed dedicated institutions to bring together diverse actors and stakeholders, this paper explores the opportunities they have even in the absence of dedicated multistakeholder institutions. The paper illustrates these opportunities with many cases, including the participation of Google in the U.S. Department of Defense Project Maven; the publication of potentially harmful AI research by OpenAI, with input from the Partnership on AI; and the sale of facial recognition technology to law enforcement by corporations including Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft. These and other cases demonstrate the wide range of mechanisms to advance AI corporate governance in the public interest, especially when diverse actors work together.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence, tech corporate governance and the public interest regulatory response

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Dignam
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Private Interest ◽  
Regulatory Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Model

Abstract This article attempts to get to the heart of some of the general misunderstanding of artificial intelligence (AI), its existent dangers and its problematic autocratic governance centred on US and Chinese tech dominance of the area. Having considered the extent of each in turn it proposes a regulatory model to place public rather than private interest at the heart of both technical and governance centred AI regulation.

Party Messaging in the U.S. House of Representatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110297
Author(s):  
Tyler Hughes ◽  
Gregory Koger
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Legislative Agenda ◽  
The Media ◽  
Party Members ◽  
The U.S

Both Congressional parties compete to promote their own reputations while damaging the opposition party’s brand. This behavior affects both policy-making agendas and the party members’ communications with the media and constituents. While there has been ample study of partisan influence on legislative agenda-setting and roll call voting behavior, much less is known about the parties’ efforts to shape the public debate. This paper analyzes two strategic decisions of parties: the timing of collective efforts to influence the public policy debate and the substantive content of these “party messaging” events. These dynamics are analyzed using a unique dataset of 50,195 one-minute speeches delivered on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1989 to 2016. We find a pattern of strategic matching—both parties are more likely to engage in concurrent messaging efforts, often on the same issue.

scholarly journals O interesse público na sociedade de economia mista brasileira: aproximação com a benefit corporation do direito norte-americano

2020 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mario Engler Pinto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Benefit Corporations ◽  
Shed Light

<p><span>The public interest of Brazilian mixed-capital company: approach to US benefit corporations</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>RESUMO<br />O artigo faz um paralelo entre a figura da benefit corporation do direito norte-americano e a sociedade de economia mista brasileira, com o propósito de apontar semelhanças entre as duas estruturas societárias e lançar luzes sobre a racionalidade das soluções de governança adotadas em cada caso. A reflexão resgata inicialmente o conceito de interesse da companhia, destacando sua relevância como referencial jurídico para se aferir a legitimidade das decisões empresariais. Observa-se ainda que o entendimento sobre o tema varia conforme a abordagem teórica adotada, podendo se resumir na maximização dos lucros para partilha entre os sócios, ou combinar o atendimento a outros interesses não financeiros. Por sua vez, os desafios e soluções em matéria de governança corporativa também variam em função da amplitude do escopo atribuído à companhia. A benefit corporation procura combinar a consecução de algum objetivo de interesse público com a manutenção da finalidade lucrativa. A existência do escopo mais amplo permite questionar a adequação do desenho institucional para lidar com os conflitos inerentes ao novo tipo societário. Além disso, propicia uma análise comparativa com o modelo de sociedade de economia mista no direito brasileiro, que também está imbuída de uma missão pública, cuja consecução não afasta a necessidade de remunerar adequadamente o investimento acionário. Conclui-se que algumas medidas contidas na Lei nº 13.303/2016, para fortalecer o controle e gestão das empresas estatais brasileiras, guardam simetria com o tratamento aplicável às benefit corporation no direito norte-americano.</span></p><p><span><br /></span></p><p><span>ABSTRACT<br />The paper compares benefit corporations in the US with mixed-capital corporations in Brazil, in order to point the similarities and differences between both corporate structures. The paper also intends to shed light on the rationale of the governance solutions adopted in each case. The paper restates the concept of company’s interest and highlights it as a key legal reference for assessing the legitimacy of business decisions. Different readings of this concept are likely to translate into markedly different positions, from holding that the idea of interest refers solely to the purpose of profit maximization on behalf of shareholders to affirming the need to simultaneously accomplishing non-financial goals interests. The challenges and solutions concerning corporate governance also vary according to the extent of the corporation’s scope. Benefit corporations in the US seek to </span><span>simultaneously attain some goal of public interest and make profit for </span><span>its shareholders. The existence of a broader scope allows questioning </span><span>the suitability of their institutional design to deal with conflicts that are </span><span>inherent to this new corporate type. Their structure invites a comparison </span><span>to State owned enterprise (SOE) in Brazil. According to Brazilian Law, a </span><span>company controlled by the State is invested with a public mission while </span><span>needing to assure proper return to shareholders’ investment. The paper </span><span>concludes that some measures adopted by Brazilian Law No. 13.303/2016, </span><span>for strengthening the corporate governance of Brazilian SOE’s are similar </span><span>the U.S. Model Benefit Corporation Legislation (MBCL) concerning benefit </span><span>corporations.</span></p>

Introduction: Patchwork Leviathans

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Erin Metz McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stereotypical Image ◽  
Internal Variation

This introductory chapter goes beyond the stereotypical image of dysfunctional public service to argue that many seemingly weak state “leviathans” are instead patchworked. What this means is that they are cobbled together from scarce available resources. They have a wide range of internal variation in organizational capacities sewn loosely together into the semblance of unity. The chapter thus reveals a striking empirical observation with theoretical implications for how to conceptualize states and state capacity: amid general organizational weakness and neopatrimonial politics, there are a few spectacularly effective state agencies dedicating their full working capacity to the routine satisfaction of organizational goals in the public interest. These are the subcultural niches of the bureaucratic ethos that manage to thrive against impressive odds.

Theodor Adorno, Paul Lazarsfeld, and the Public Interest Mandate of Early Communications Research, 1935–1941

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Shepperd
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Broadcasting ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Noncommercial Media

Abstract Through detailed archival analysis of personal letters, this article examines how the “public interest” mandate of the Communications Act of 1934 inspired the formation of the Princeton Radio Research Project (PRRP), and influenced Paul Lazarsfeld’s development of two-step flows and media effects research. Buried in federal records, a post-Act Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Pursuant that mandated analysis of educational broadcasting additionally turns out to be the causative reason that Theodor Adorno was brought to America by the Rockefeller Foundation. Crucial to the intellectual history of media and communication theory, Lazarsfeld invited Adorno not only to develop techniques to inform educational music study, but to strategically formulate advocacy language for the media reform movement to help noncommercial media obtain frequency licenses. The limits and pressures exerted by the FCC Pursuant influenced the trajectory of the PRRP research, and consequently, the methodological investments of Communication Studies.

The Role of Web Assurance Seals in Nonprofit Giving

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Joseph Canada ◽  
Erica E. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Charitable Contributions ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Donor Support ◽  
The U.S ◽  
The Web

ABSTRACT Using a sample of the 2,000 largest nonprofit organizations in the U.S., we document that the use of web assurance seals is not as commonplace as for-profit e-commerce websites. In particular, we find that only about 14 percent of sample organizations invest in web assurance seals. Those that do provide web seals are larger, less efficient, and spend more on fundraising and information technology. Interestingly, however, our size result weakens for the very largest organizations in our sample. In addition to our contribution to the web assurance literature, we also contribute to donations research in identifying another feature important to donors in the decision to give. Specifically, we find a positive relationship between web seals and donations, indicating that providing this type of assurance attracts more donor support. We believe this is particularly interesting given the relatively few organizations adopting this type of signal in the marketplace for charitable contributions. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

scholarly journals Population health AI researchers’ perceptions of the public portrayal of AI: A pilot study

2020 ◽  
pp. 096366252096549
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Samuel ◽  
Heilien Diedericks ◽  
Gemma Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
The Media ◽  
Epistemic Modesty ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems ◽  
Research And Policy

This article reports how 18 UK and Canadian population health artificial intelligence researchers in Higher Education Institutions perceive the use of artificial intelligence systems in their research, and how this compares with their perceptions about the media portrayal of artificial intelligence systems. This is triangulated with a small scoping analysis of how UK and Canadian news articles portray artificial intelligence systems associated with health research and care. Interviewees had concerns about what they perceived as sensationalist reporting of artificial intelligence systems – a finding reflected in the media analysis. In line with Pickersgill’s concept of ‘epistemic modesty’, they considered artificial intelligence systems better perceived as non-exceptionalist methodological tools that were uncertain and unexciting. Adopting ‘epistemic modesty’ was sometimes hindered by stakeholders to whom the research is disseminated, who may be less interested in hearing about the uncertainties of scientific practice, having implications on both research and policy.

scholarly journals Agency Correlates of Police Militarization: The Case of MRAPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett C. Burkhardt ◽  
Keith Baker
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
National Data ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Occupations ◽  
Asset Forfeiture ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
The U.S

In 2014, protests in Ferguson, Missouri (MO), and the subsequent law enforcement response, shined a light on police militarization—the adoption of military styles, equipment, and tactics within law enforcement. Since 1990, the U.S. Department of Defense has transferred excess military equipment to domestic law enforcement agencies via the federal 1033 program. This article examines transfers of mine-resistant ambush-protected vehicles or MRAPs. Designed to withstand explosive blasts during U.S. military occupations in Iraq and Afghanistan, surplus MRAPs have been shipped to more than 800 domestic law enforcement agencies. This article uses national data on law enforcement agencies and on 1033 program transfers to analyze the pattern of MRAP distribution. The results show that MRAPs are disproportionately acquired by agencies that have warrior tendencies and rely on asset forfeiture to generate revenue. This pattern of militarization is consistent with a model of governance that views citizens as both opportunities and threats.

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