scholarly journals Microgeographic Wing-Shape Variation in Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Rafael Oliveira-Christe ◽  
André Barretto Bruno Wilke ◽  
Mauro Toledo Marrelli
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis are vectors of several arboviruses, including the dengue, chikungunya, and Rocio virus infection. While Ae. albopictus is a highly invasive species native to Asia and has been dispersed by humans to most parts of the world, Ae. scapularis is native to Brazil and is widely distributed in the southeast of the country. Both species are highly anthropophilic and are often abundant in places with high human population densities. Because of the great epidemiological importance of these two mosquitoes and the paucity of knowledge on how they have adapted to different urban built environments, we investigated the microgeographic population structure of these vector species in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using wing geometric morphometrics. Females of Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis were collected in seven urban parks in the city. The right wings of the specimens were removed and digitized, and eighteen landmarks based on vein intersections in the wing venation patterns were used to assess cross-sectional variation in wing shape and size. The analyses revealed distinct results for Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis populations. While the former had less wing shape variation, the latter had more heterogeneity, indicating a higher degree of intraspecific variation. Our results indicate that microgeographic selective pressures exerted by different urban built environments have a distinct effect on wing shape patterns in the populations of these two mosquito species studied here.

scholarly journals FATORES RELACIONADOS A LESÕES EM ATLETAS DE BOLÃO 16 CATEGORIA FEMININO NA CIDADE DE CAÇADOR/SC

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-360
Author(s):  
Andressa Paganini ◽  
Elaine Caroline Boscatto ◽  
Adriano Slongo
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

O bolão 16 é uma modalidade esportiva onde o objetivo é derrubar nove pinos posicionados ao final de uma pista de madeira com uma bola maciça. Exige técnica, inteligência e concentração. Tendo em vista a escassez de estudos na literatura e a necessidade de aprofundar conhecimentos neste esporte específico, foi realizada a presente pesquisa para investigar a incidência de lesões e fatores relacionados às mesmas em atletas do sexo feminino, praticantes da modalidade na cidade de Caçador/SC. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo, com análise quanti-qualitativa dos dados. Foi aplicado um questionário de formulário próprio para investigar informações pessoais, índice de massa corporal, tempo de jogo, dores e lesões articulares, hábitos relacionados à prática da modalidade e de outras atividades físicas. Participaram do estudo 11 atletas, com idades entre 18 a 56 anos e média de IMC 27,25 kg/m2. O tempo de prática variou de 10 meses a 27 anos. A maioria das participantes utiliza o braço direito para o lançamento e a perna esquerda para o apoio ao final do arremesso, demonstrando um movimento harmônico. No entanto, possuem alto índice de lesões/dores articulares, tendo a articulação mais acometida por dores a do joelho, seguida de quadril. Sobre o hábito de aquecimento e alongamento, todas as atletas afirmaram que o realizam; contudo foi verificado que a metade das atletas tem como prática de atividade física exclusiva o bolão, sendo necessário o incentivo a práticas preventivas voltadas ao esporte, além de orientação para a técnica adequada evitando desgaste físico entre outras consequências.Palavras-chave: Esportes. Traumatismos em atletas. Articulações. ABSTRACT: The ninepin it’s a sports mode where play mens and womens, with the objetive is drop the nine pin in the end of wooden track, with the solid ball. It requires technique, intelligence and concentration. Given the scarcity of studies in the literature and the need to deepen knowledge in this specific sport, the present research was carried out to investigate the incidence of injuries and related factors in female athletes, practitioners of the sport in the city of Caçador in Santa Catarina state. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study with quantitative qualitative data analysis. A questionnaire was used to investigate personal information, body mass index, playing time, pain and joint injuries, habits related to the practice of the sport and other physical activities. Eleven athletes, aged 18 to 56 years, with a mean BMI of 60,075 pounds ft.sq, participated of this study. Regarding the training time, it ranged from 10 months to 27 years. Most athletes use the right arm for the throw and the left leg for support at the end of the pitch, demonstrating a harmonious movement. However, they have a high index of lesions/joint pain, and the joint is more affected by pain in the knee, followed by hip pain. On the warm-up and stretching habit, all athletes stated that they perform it. However, it was verified that half of the athletes have a practice of exclusive physical activity the ninepin, being necessary the incentive to preventive practices oriented to the sport, besides orientation for the appropriate technique avoiding physical wear among other consequences.Keywords: Sports. Athletic injuries. Joint.

scholarly journals Medical education in pediatrics: attitude assessment in health promotion and preventive care

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Lina Aparecida Zardo ◽  
Mary Clarisse Bozzetti
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Medical Paradigm ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate attitudes in childcare and primary care in pediatrics, as well as aspects of training and medical education for residents in pediatrics consistent with the current medical paradigm. METHODS: the subjects were 133 residents of six pediatrics residency services in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed consisting of a questionnaire and an attitude measurement scale (Likert scale). Thirty propositions related to the issues of child care and primary care in pediatrics were simultaneously submitted to small groups of residents at their residency settings. RESULTS: women outnumbered men in a ratio of three to one in the residency programs. The majority aimed at a specialty in pediatrics, principally the ones involving high-tech procedures. Choices were influenced by prior training and by professors or tutors, although they stated they would like to work in prevention in the future. As for the scale, 87% had the right attitudes, both positive and negative, according to the Golden standard applied. CONCLUSIONS: the result obtained in this study related to attitude was very satisfactory but future professional choices are a concern to the medical educational system. The authors suggest that studies on attitude be further developed and improved to become a source of input for new strategies in the area of pediatrics education.

scholarly journals Larval ecology and infestation indices of two major arbovirus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Brazzaville, the capital city of the Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodel A. Wilson-Bahun ◽  
Basile Kamgang ◽  
Arsène Lenga ◽  
Charles S. Wondji
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Invasive mosquito species, such as Aedes albopictus in Congo can affect the distribution of native species, changing the vector composition and pattern of disease transmission. Here, we comparatively establish the geographical distribution and larval habitat preference of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus and the risk of arbovirus disease outbreaks using Stegomyia indices in the city of Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo. Methods Human dwelling surveys of water-holding containers for immature stages of Aedes was carried out in December 2017 in Brazzaville through a random cluster sampling method. A total of 268 human dwellings distributed in 9 boroughs and 27 neighbourhoods were surveyed across the city. Results Overall, 455 potential larval habitats were surveyed. Both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected across the city with an overall high prevalence of Ae. aegypti (53.1%) compared to Ae. albopictus (46.9%). Geographical distribution analysis showed that Ae. aegypti was more abundant (mean = 6.6 ± 1.4) in neighbourhoods located in downtown, while the abundance of Ae. albopictus was low (mean = 3.5 ± 0.6) in suburbs. Peridomestic containers, especially discarded tanks, were the most strongly colonized productive larval habitat for both mosquito species with the prevalence of 56.4% and 53.1% for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, respectively. Globally, the house index (HI), Breteau index (BI) and container index (CI) were high for Ae. aegypti (26.6%, 38.4% and 22.6%) and Ae. albopictus (33.3%, 49.6% and 26.6%) compared to the transmission risk threshold (5%, 5% and 20%) established by the WHO/PAHO. Overall, pupae-based indices (the pupae index and the pupae per person index) were not significantly different between Ae. aegypti (273.4% and 23.2%) and Ae. albopictus (228.8% and 19.5%). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest a high risk for transmission of arbovirus diseases in Brazzaville and call for an urgent need to implement vector control strategies against these vectors in the Republic of the Congo.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT BUSES IN BELÉM, PARÁ STATE, NORTHERN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
Laine Celestino Pinto ◽  
Ana Paula Guimarães da Costa Carvalho ◽  
Maria Caroline Nazaré Pinto dos Santos ◽  
Roberta Oliveira de Araujo Morais
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Pathogenic Parasite ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in public transport buses in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil, as well as to compare the frequency of these enteroparasites according to the bus lines, collection sites within the vehicles, and presence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic parasites in the samples. This is a cross-sectional analytical study carried out between February and April 2019, in which 320 samples were analyzed, from 5 bus lines, 8 buses each, collected from 8 different surfaces inside the vehicles, according to Graham’s method. Subsequently, the statistical test was performed to evaluate the differencesbetween the variables, considering p ≤ 0.05. The results indicated that 7.8% of the samples were parasitized and the right handrail presented the highest prevalence of parasites, namely 2.2%. The pathogenic parasites corresponded to 26.7% and the non-pathogenic 73.3%. The non-pathogenic parasite most commonly found was Entamoeba coli totaling 50%, whereas the only pathogenic parasite was Giardia intestinalis in 26.7%. Thus, the presence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasites reflects the precarious hygiene of users of this type of transport, presenting a public health issue which needs to be addressed. KEY WORDS: Intestinal Diseases, Fomites, Transmission, Pathogenic parasites, Enteroparasite

scholarly journals POLA PERGERAKAN “PASAR TIBAN” KOTA PEKALONGAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Dwi Hartini ◽  
Jamilla Kautsary
Keyword(s):  
Movement Patterns ◽  
City Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Road ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Community activities in the commercial sector have an impact on the economic development of the city which is the influence of the city development into a town center trade. one of which is the existence of market tiban. A consequently of market activity tiban cause problems such as disrupting the flow of traffic as well as general merchandise facilities held alongside a road or along the corridor on the right or left, so that it is distrub traffic flow. The purpose of this study to find patterns in the market movement tiban Pekalongan. In this study, use a qualitative descriptive approach rationalistic. To achieve the goal of the analysis is then performed 3 analyzes the spatial pattern of movement does not include time tiban market movements, modes of movement, and activity systems analysis contained in tiban market, analysis of spatial movement patterns include cross- sectional analysis of the road corridor, stall dimensions, system settings tiban market, and movement patterns tiban market, and analyzes the factors behind the choice of location which is distance tiban market location, location tiban traders in the market, the similarity of merchandise, consumer offerings, the number of visitors, and mindset. Based on the analysis the pattern of market movements in Pekalongan tiban following reasons traders in making trading location and tiban market always occur on the same day and location. The recommendations contained in this study the need for regulation and supervision of the government in market activity in Pekalongan to minimize the problems effect of market activity tiban. There needs to be awareness of traders and buyers in the market tiban activities to keep abreast of the prevailing order in Pekalongan. There a good management of community market tiban to be organized and able to maximize the benefits of market tiban as evening entertainment for the citizens of Pekalongan.  

scholarly journals Procruste analysis of forewing shape in two endemic honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and A. m. sahariensis from the Northwest of Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouzia Abed ◽  
Benabdellah Bachir-Bouiadjra ◽  
Lahouari Dahloum ◽  
Abdulmojeed Yakubu ◽  
Ahmed Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Apis Mellifera Intermissa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Validation Procedure ◽  
Honeybee Subspecies ◽  
The Right

Abstract. Abed F, Bachir-Bouiadjra B, Dahloum L, Yakubu A, Haddad A, Homrani A. 2021. Procruste analysis of forewing shape in two endemic honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and A. m. sahariensis from the Northwest of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 154-164. Honey bees play an important role as pollinators of many crops. Thus they are collectively considered as a veritable economic source. The present study was undertaken to describe variation in the right forewing geometry in two Algerian honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera intermissa and Apis mellifera sahariensis using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. A total of 1286 honeybees were sampled from 12 provinces in the northwest of Algeria. The forewing geometry was evaluated using 20 homologous landmarks by applying Procrustes superimposition analysis. The top four principal components accounted for only 41.1% of wing shape variation between the two subspecies. There was a significant difference in wing shape between the two subspecies (Mahalanobis distance = 1.0626 ; P<0.001), whereas their wing size seemed similar (P>0.05). Regarding the allometric effect, the percentage of variation in wing shape explained by size changes was relatively small, with 1.28% and 4.37% for A. m. intermissa and A.m sahariensis, respectively. The cross-validation procedure correctly classified 68.3% of specimens into their original groups. PERMANOVA test revealed significant differences in the right forewing shape among all geographic areas studied (P<0.001). The results clearly showed that the landmark-based geometric approach applied to forewings venation is a powerful and reliable tool in the discrimination of native honey bee subspecies and should be considered in local honey bee biodiversity improvement and conservation initiatives.

scholarly journals Analysis of modularity and integration suggests evolution of dragonfly wing venation mainly in response to functional demands

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (145) ◽  
pp. 20180277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Blanke
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Dragonfly Wing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
High Degree

Insect wings show a high variability in wing venation. Selection for function, developmental pathways and phylogeny likely influenced wing vein diversification, however, quantitative data to estimate these influences and their interplay are missing. Here, it is tested how dragonfly wing vein configuration is influenced by functional demands, development, phylogeny and allometry using the concepts of modularity and integration. In an evolutionary context, modules are sets of characters that evolve in relative independence to other characters, while integration refers to a high degree of association between subparts of a structure. Results show allometric and phylogenetic signal in the wing shape variation, however, patterns of integration and modularity are not influenced by these two factors. Overall, dragonfly wings are highly integrated structures with almost no modular signal. Configuration changes in one wing vein or wing area thus influence wing shape as a whole. Moreover, the fore- and hindwings correlate with each other in their evolutionary shape variation supporting biomechanical data of wing interdependence. Despite the overall high degree of evolutionary integration, functional hypotheses of modularity could be confirmed for two wing areas, the arculus–triangle complex at the base of the wing which is responsible for passive wing folding especially during flapping flight and the location of the pterostigma, a coloured wing cell which is more heavy that other wing cells and passively regulates wing pitch as well as critical flight speeds during gliding. Although evolving as distinct modules, these specific vein regions also show high integration and evolve at the same rates like the whole wing which suggests an influence of these structures on the shape evolution of the rest of the wing. Their biomechanical role as passive regulators of wing corrugation and wing pitch suggests that these structures decisively influenced the evolution of advanced modern flight styles and explains their retention once they had evolved early within the lineage Odonatoptera.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric wing analysis as a tool to discriminate female mosquitoes from different suburban areas of Chiang Mai province, Thailand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260333
Author(s):  
Danita Champakaew ◽  
Anuluck Junkum ◽  
Narin Sontigun ◽  
Sangob Sanit ◽  
Kwankamol Limsopatham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The Right

Mosquitoes are hematophagous insects that transmit parasites and pathogens with devastating effects on humans, particularly in subtropical regions. Different mosquito species display various behaviors, breeding sites, and geographic distribution; however, they can be difficult to distinguish in the field due to morphological similarities between species and damage caused during trapping and transportation. Vector control methods for controlling mosquito-borne disease epidemics require an understanding of which vector species are present in the area as well as the epidemiological patterns of disease transmission. Although molecular techniques can accurately distinguish between mosquito species, they are costly and laborious, making them unsuitable for extensive use in the field. Thus, alternative techniques are required. Geometric morphometrics (GM) is a rapid and inexpensive technique that can be used to analyze the size, shape, and shape variation of individuals based on a range of traits. Here, we used GM to analyze the wings of 1,040 female mosquitoes from 12 different species in Thailand. The right wing of each specimen was removed, imaged microscopically, and digitized using 17 landmarks. Wing shape variation among genera and species was analyzed using canonical variate analysis (CVA), while discriminant function analysis was used to cross-validate classification reliability based on Mahalanobis distances. Phenetic relationships were constructed to illustrate the discrimination patterns for genera and species. CVA of the morphological variation among Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Culex, and Mansonia mosquito genera revealed five clusters. In particular, we demonstrated a high percentage of correctly-distinguished samples among Aedes (97.48%), Armigeres (96.15%), Culex (90.07%), and Mansonia (91.67%), but not Anopheles (64.54%). Together, these findings suggest that wing landmark-based GM analysis is an efficient method for identifying mosquito species, particularly among the Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, and Mansonia genera.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA PERAWAT GAWAT DARURAT MELALUI BERBAGAI GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DI RSUD DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Deby Zulkarnain Rahadian Syah ◽  
Muhamat Nofiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
The Right ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Special Region

Background: Nurses in charge of the Emergency Room are required to have more ability than nurses serving patients in other units. Emergency Room is an initial service in a hospital. One's leadership style will greatly affect the effectiveness of a leader. The selection of the right leadership style can lead to the achievement of individual or organizational goals. Objective: To know the various leadership style used by the head of room in improving the performance of nurses of Emergency Room RSUD in in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Method: This research includes quantitative research type, using cross sectional approach. The population of this study was the head of the treatment room. Secondary data of nurse's performance is taken from nursing care which is written in medical record file of Emergency Room of RSUD in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Results: The performance of nurses at Emergency Room RSUD A in the good category was 100%. The performance of nurses at Emergency Room RSUD B in the enough category was 45%. The performance of nurses at Emergency Room C in good category was 80%. The performance of nurses at Emergency Room RSUD D in good category was 55%. The performance of nurses at RSUD E in the good category was 95%. The result of cross tabulation between leadership style and nurse performance of RSUD in the whole DIY with good performance is leader who use democratic leadership style equal to 35%. Conclusion: Most of the nurse's good performance in Emergency Room is followed by democratic leadership style of head of space.  Keyword: leadership style, head of space, performance of nurses

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