scholarly journals A Chemosensory Protein Detects Antifeedant in Locust (Locusta migratoria)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Xingcong Jiang ◽  
Haozhi Xu ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
Xuewei Yin ◽  
Long Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
High Binding Affinity

Chemosensory system is vitally important for animals to select food. Antifeedants that herbivores encounter can interfere with feeding behavior and exert physiological effects. Few studies have assessed the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemoreception of antifeedants. In this study, we demonstrated that a chemosensory protein (CSP) in Locusta migratoria is involved in detecting an antifeedant. This CSP, LmigEST6 (GenBank Acc. No. AJ973420), we named as LmigCSPIII, expressed in sensory organs where chemosensilla are widely distributed. Fluorescent binding experiments indicated that LmigCSPIII exhibits high binding affinity to α-amylcinnamaldehyde (AMCAL), a natural compound from non-host plant. This compound was subsequently demonstrated to be an effective antifeedant to locusts in feeding bioassay. By injection of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of LmigCSPIII, we generated LmigCSPIII knockdown locusts. The feeding behaviour assays demonstrated that the LmigCSPIII knockdown locusts had reduced sensitivity to the antifeedant but showed no changes in their physiological development or food consumption. Therefore, we inferred that this chemosensory protein is involved in antifeedant detection.

scholarly journals Herb-target virtual screening and network pharmacology for prediction of molecular mechanism of Danggui Beimu Kushen Wan for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Andrew Hung ◽  
Angela Wei Hong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Binding ◽  
High Binding Affinity

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is a cancer that occurs in the prostate with high morbidity and mortality. Danggui Beimu Kushen Wan (DBKW) is a classic formula for patients with difficult urination including PCa. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of DBKW for PCa. We obtained DBKW compounds from our previous reviews. We identified potential targets for PCa from literature search, currently approved drugs and Open Targets database and filtered them by protein–protein interaction network analysis. We selected 26 targets to predict three cancer-related pathways. A total of 621 compounds were screened via molecular docking using PyRx and AutoDock Vina against 21 targets for PCa, producing 13041 docking results. The binding patterns and positions showed that a relatively small number of tight-binding compounds from DBKW were predicted to interact strongly and selectively with three targets. The top five high-binding-affinity compounds were selected to generate a network, indicating that compounds from all three herbs had high binding affinity against the 21 targets and may have potential biological activities with the targets. DBKW contains multi-targeting agents that could act on more than one pathway of PCa simultaneously. Further studies could focus on validating the computational results via experimental studies.

Functional Food Consumption and Its Physiological Effects

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Marinho Aguiar ◽  
Marina Vilar Geraldi ◽  
Cínthia Baú Betim Cazarin ◽  
Mário Roberto Maróstica Junior
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Physiological Effects

Modulation of feeding by endogenous sugar acids acting as hunger or satiety factors

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. R542-R550 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shimizu ◽  
Y. Oomura ◽  
T. Sakata
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Cerebral Ventricle ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Neuron Activity ◽  
Fasted Rats

Endogenous sugar acids, 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (2-deoxytetronic acid, 2-DTA) and 2,4,5-trihydroxypentanoic acid (3-deoxypentonic acid, 3-DPA), have been identified in the serum of fasted rats. Effects of these sugar acids on rat feeding behavior and neuron activity were investigated. Injections of 2-DTA (2.5 mumol) into the third cerebral ventricle of chronic rats suppressed food intake and single-neuron activity in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Food consumption was reduced for 24 h, even in 72-h food-deprived rats. The same amounts of 3-DPA elicited feeding and increased LHA single-neuron activity with latencies of 6-8 min. Electrophoretically applied 2-DTA significantly and specifically suppressed activity of glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA, whereas 3-DPA facilitated the activity. Nonglucose-sensitive LHA neurons were not affected by these sugar acids. The high correlation between modulation of feeding behavior and changes in LHA neuron activity after injection of these sugar acids suggested that 2-DTA may act as an endogenous satiety substance and 3-DPA as a hunger substance. The effects may be mediated through glucose-sensitive neurons in the LHA.

Molecular mechanisms of action and physiological effects of the proinsulin C-peptide (a systematic review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
O.N. Poteryaeva ◽  
I.F. Usynin
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Blood Microcirculation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

The C-peptide is a fragment of proinsulin, the cleavage of which forms active insulin. In recent years, new information has appeared on the physiological effects of the C-peptide, indicating its positive effect on many organs and tissues, including the kidneys, nervous system, heart, vascular endothelium and blood microcirculation. Studies on experimental models of diabetes mellitus in animals, as well as clinical trials in patients with diabetes, have shown that the C-peptide has an important regulatory effect on the early stages of functional and structural disorders caused by this disease. The C-peptide exhibits its effects through binding to a specific receptor on the cell membrane and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Intracellular signaling involves G-proteins and Ca2+-dependent pathways, resulting in activation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase and important transcription factors involved in apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and other intracellular defense mechanisms. This review gives an idea of the C-peptide as a bioactive endogenous peptide that has its own biological activity and therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals Molecular Biology of Rotavirus Entry and Replication

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1476-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Christine Ruiz ◽  
Theresa Leon ◽  
Yuleima Diaz ◽  
Fabian Michelangeli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

Rotavirus is a nonenveloped, double-stranded, RNA virus belonging to the Reoviridae family and is the major etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis in young children and young animals. Remarkable progress in the understanding of the rotavirus cycle has been made in the last 10 years. The knowledge of viral replication thus far acquired is based on structural studies, the expression and coexpression of individual viral proteins, silencing of individual genes by siRNAs, and the effects that these manipulations have on the physiology of the infected cell. The functions of the individual rotavirus proteins have been largely dissected; however, the interactions between them and with cell proteins, and the molecular mechanisms of virus replication, are just beginning to be understood. These advancements represent the basis for the development of effective vaccination and rational therapeutic strategies to combat rotavirus infection and diarrhea syndromes. In this paper, we review and try to integrate the new knowledge about rotavirus entry, replication, and assembly, and pose some of the questions that remain to be solved.

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