scholarly journals Selective Arcing Electrostatically Eradicates Rice Weevils in Rice Grains

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Koji Kakutani ◽  
Yoshihiro Takikawa ◽  
Yoshinori Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Voltage Generator ◽  
Metal Plates

We developed an arc discharge exposer (ADE) that kills rice weevils nesting in dried rice. The ADE features multiple identical metal plates, half of these are linked to a voltage generator and the others are grounded. The plates were arrayed in parallel and an electric field formed between them. Any insect entering the field was arced from the negatively charged plate and killed. The ADE was placed on a vessel containing pest-infested rice grains; the insects were lured out of the grains by mechanically vibrating the vessel. When rice grains move, insects tend to climb upward, thus, the weevils were effectively removed. Our electrostatic apparatus is easy to construct and could be used to control pests in stored rice.

Molecular Dynamics Studies of Nanotube Growth in a Carbon ARC

1994 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Brabec ◽  
A. Maiti ◽  
C. Roland ◽  
J. Bernholc
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Nanotube Growth ◽  
Brenner Potential

ABSTRACTIt has been shown experimentally that the growth of carbon nanotubes in an arc discharge is open-ended. This is surprising, because dangling bonds at the end of open tubes make the closed tube geometry more favorable energetically. Recently, it has been proposed that the large electric fields present at the tip of tube is the critical factor that keeps the tube open. We have studied the effects of the electric field on the growth of the nanotubes via ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Surprisingly, it is found that the electric field cannot play a significant role in keeping the tubes open, implying that some other mechanism must be important. Extensive studies of the energetics and simulations of the growth of tubes were performed using a threebody Tersoff-Brenner potential. Our results show that there exists a critical diameter of ∼ 3 nm above which a defect-free growth of a straight tubule is possible. Narrower tubes stabilize configurations with adjacent pentagons that lead to tube-closure and termination of the growth. This explains the absence of tube narrower than 2.2 nm in arc discharge experiments.

scholarly journals Моделирование плазмы короткодугового ксенонового разряда сверхвысокого давления

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Н.А. Тимофеев ◽  
В.С. Сухомлинов ◽  
G. Zissis ◽  
И.Ю. Мухараева ◽  
Д.В. Михайлов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Cathode Region ◽  
Ultrahigh Pressure ◽  
Thoriated Tungsten ◽  
Ionization Balance

AbstractWe have studied a high- (ultrahigh-) pressure short-arc discharge in xenon with thoriated tungsten cathodes. A system of equations formulated based on earlier experimental data indicating possible emission of cathode material (thorium) into the discharge gap has made it possible to determine the electric field strength, plasma temperature, and concentration of thorium atoms as well as thorium and xenon ions in the plasma. The problem has been solved for a model discharge between planar electrodes. The results indicate the key role of thorium atoms in the cathode region. Thorium atoms determine the ionization balance and other electrokinetic properties of plasma. Emission of thorium atoms reduces the plasma temperature at the cathode, which turns out to be noticeably lower than the plasma temperature near the anode; this is a new result that agrees with experimental data. Other electrokinetic characteristics of the plasma (in particular, charged particle concentration and electric field strength) are also in good agreement with the experiment.

scholarly journals Study of the Conversion of Carbon-containing and Organochlorine Impurities in the Process of Hydrogen Reduction of Silicon Tetrachloride by RF (40.68 MHz) Arc Discharge.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
R. Kornev ◽  
P. Sennikov ◽  
V. Nazarov ◽  
A. Kut'in ◽  
A. Plekhovich
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Silicon Tetrachloride ◽  
High Electric Field Strength

A contracted RF (40.68 MHz) arc discharge of atmospheric pressure, stabilized between two rod electrodes, was used to obtain trichlorosilane by the reaction of hydrogen reduction of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl<sub>4</sub>). In model mixtures of macro-composition in the ratio H<sub>2</sub>/SiCl<sub>4</sub>/CCl<sub>4</sub>=10/1/1, it was shown that C and SiC are the main solid-phase product which are deposited on the surface of electrodes in the form of dendrides. The temperature of the ends of the electrodes determined using emission thermometry is 1600 K. The thermodynamic analysis of H<sub>2</sub>+SiCl<sub>4</sub>+CCl<sub>4</sub> system confirms that the formation of C and SiC occurs in the temperature range of 1600 K. The deposition of solid-phase products occurs on the electrodes in the zone of high electric field strength.

scholarly journals Luminous vapour from the mercury arc and the progressive changes in its spectrum

1925 ◽  
Vol 108 (746) ◽  
pp. 262-279 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Glow Discharge ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Band Spectrum ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Continuous Band

It was observed originally by Stark that a stream of mercury vapour allowed to distil away from the arc or glow discharge in vacuo remains luminous. It may be said to carry the luminosity away with it, and in the case of the arc discharge there is no difficulty in detecting the luminosity for 50 cm. or so from the source. Stark found that when a glow discharge was used, which developed the continuous band spectrum, this spectrum could be detected in the distilled vapour, along with the line spectrum. When the glow was passed through an electric field, the line spectrum was found to be quenched, leaving the band spectrum unaffected. The arc discharge, on the other hand, gave only the line spectrum in his experiments.

scholarly journals Влияние усиленной электрическим полем термической электронной эмиссии на температуру катода с тонкой диэлектрической пленкой в дуговом газовом разряде

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Г.Г. Бондаренко ◽  
М.С. Дубинина ◽  
В.И. Кристя
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Cathode Surface ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Thermal Electron ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Discharge Current Density ◽  
Metal Cathode ◽  
Cathode Substrate ◽  
Cathode Temperature

A model of thermal electron emission enhanced by the electric field (thermo-field emission) from the metal cathode substrate into a thin insulating film formed on its surface is developed. A system of equations for the cathode surface temperature in the arc discharge and the electric field strength in the film, providing the required discharge current density, is formulated. It is shown that existence of the dielectric film can result in a considerable reduction of the cathode temperature in the discharge due to lower potential barrier height at the metal-insulator boundary than at the metal-discharge boundary in case of the metal cathode without the film. It is found that due to an enhancement of thermal emission of electrons into the film by the electric field generated in it, an additional decrease of the cathode temperature by about 100 K takes place.

scholarly journals High Voltage Electric Fields Have Potential to Create New Physical Pest Control Systems

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Kusakari ◽  
Kiyotsugu Okada ◽  
Manabu Shibao ◽  
Hideyoshi Toyoda
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Electrostatic Phenomena

An electric field is the space surrounding an electric charge, within which it is capable of exerting a perceptible force on another electric charge. Especially under high voltage, electric fields induce various electrostatic phenomena, some of which could be utilized to provide remarkable pest control measures. The main focus of the present study was to introduce an attractive force generated by a surface charge on an insulated electrified conductor, which was successfully used to construct an electric field screen that prevented airborne nuisances (spores, flying insects, pollen, and fine smoke) from entering the interiors of various facilities. Another focus was the disinclination of insects to enter the electric field, thus, giving the electric field screen the ability to repel insects. Charges accumulated on the surfaces of non-insulated conductors are mobile through discharge, based on their potential difference. Such arc discharge was strong enough to destroy insects that were exposed to it. Some precedent illustrative examples are cited to explain the principles of attraction, dielectrophoretic movement of spores, and discharge-mediated positive electrification of insects, and to discuss how electric fields are generated and used in electric field-based pest control strategies.

scholarly journals Body Water-Mediated Conductivity Actualizes the Insect-Control Functions of Electric Fields in Houseflies

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Takikawa ◽  
Takeshi Takami ◽  
Koji Kakutani
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Free Electrons ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Negative Pole

In the present study, the relationship between body water loss and conductivity was examined in adult houseflies (Musca domestica). The events an insect experiences in an electric field are caused by the conductive nature of the insect body (i.e., movement of electricity within or its release from the insect). After houseflies were dehydrated, rehydrated, refrigerated, and frozen and thawed, they were placed in static and dynamic electric fields. Untreated houseflies were deprived of their free electrons to become positively charged and then attracted to the insulated negative pole in the static electric field and were exposed to corona and arc discharge from non-insulated negative pole in the dynamic electric field. There was no current in the bodies of dehydrated and frozen flies; hence, there was no attractive force or discharge exposure. In the remaining insects, the results were identical to those in the untreated control insects. These results indicated that the reduction of body water conductivity inhibited the release of electricity from the body in the static electric field and the discharge-mediated current flow through the body in the dynamic electric field. The insect was affected by the electric fields because of its conductivity mediated by body water.

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