scholarly journals Differences in Gall Induction of Flower-like Galls on Haloxylon by Psyllids (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), and the Emergence of Corresponding Parasitoids

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Ling-Ling Jiang ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Dong-Kang Zhang ◽  
Hong-Ying Hu
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Correlative Studies ◽  
Arid Desert ◽  
Gall Induction ◽  
Semi Arid

Saxaul is a kind of dominant perennial psammophyte that widely distributes in arid and semi-arid desert areas, and it has multiple functions in preventing desertification, especially in windbreak and sand fixation. Various gall inducers induce galls on the saxaul, including the flower-like gall. Parasitoids have great potentiality in controlling gall inducers. However, studies about gall inducers and parasitoids of flower-like galls on Haloxylon, as well as the parasitic efficacy of the parasitoids, are rarely reported. In this study, the flower-like galls were observed on Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum in Fukang, Xinjiang, China. Two types of flower-like galls were found on H. ammodendron, while only one type was found on H. persicum. In total, five species of gall inducers and three species of parasitoids were obtained from the galls mentioned above. All the galls were induced by Caillardia (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), which were mostly bivoltine in Fukang. Besides, their parasitoids Psyllaephagus caillardiae and P. longiventris could be observed on all the types of galls. Additionally, correlative studies on the parasitization indexes demonstrated that all the dominant parasitoids of diverse flower-like galls were P. caillardiae, which were slightly more in number than the P. ogazae discovered in the flower bud-like galls. In addition, the relevance between the emergence or lifespan of parasitoids and temperature was also investigated. The results showed that the number of parasitoids emerging decreased rapidly after a period of enhancement with the increase of temperature, including an optimum temperature, while the lifespan of wasps gradually shortened with the temperature rising. Our results highlight the importance of the biological investigation of parasitoids in the gall inducers lived in closed galls, which may provide critical evidence for us to understand its potential application in biological control.

scholarly journals Preliminary study of water sources for maintenance and water utilization strategies of Haloxylon ammodendron in the arid desert area of northwestern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Liu ◽  
Jinling Lv ◽  
Ximing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Arid Desert

Natural vegetation in arid desert areas has been severely affected by uneven spatial-temporal precipitation and underground water distribution. Therefore, it is quite necessary to reserve maintenance water sources and water utilization strategies of natural vegetation. In our experiment, the Haloxylon ammodendron was selected to learn about the maintenance water sources and water utilization strategies. The results displayed that H. ammodendron could utilize various water sources, in which groundwater (30%) and shallow soil water (average 35%) accounted for very huge proportion to be the most important maintenance water sources H. ammodendron does not directly absorb from snowfall, but the application of shallow soil water was stemed from melt snow. The utilization percentage of groundwater is relatively higher in winter (80%) and summer (30%). The utilization percentages of different water sources change with the actual situations of these water sources; Precipitation is also one of main water sources of H. ammodendron (respond quickly but not influential). The mainly water of H. ammodendron in the study area are as follows: groundwater, shallow soil water formed by snowmelt, medium and large precipitation. Therefore, H. ammodendron can make efficient use of water sources in arid desert areas, and transform water sources reasonably under the tremendous variations in water conditions to meet the water requirements.

scholarly journals Preliminary study of water sources for maintenance and water utilization strategies of Haloxylon ammodendron in the arid desert area of northwestern China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Liu ◽  
Jinling Lv ◽  
Ximing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
Water Utilization ◽  
Shallow Soil ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Arid Desert

Natural vegetation in arid desert areas has been severely affected by uneven spatial-temporal precipitation and underground water distribution. Therefore, it is quite necessary to reserve maintenance water sources and water utilization strategies of natural vegetation. In our experiment, the Haloxylon ammodendron was selected to learn about the maintenance water sources and water utilization strategies. The results displayed that H. ammodendron could utilize various water sources, in which groundwater (30%) and shallow soil water (average 35%) accounted for very huge proportion to be the most important maintenance water sources H. ammodendron does not directly absorb from snowfall, but the application of shallow soil water was stemed from melt snow. The utilization percentage of groundwater is relatively higher in winter (80%) and summer (30%). The utilization percentages of different water sources change with the actual situations of these water sources; Precipitation is also one of main water sources of H. ammodendron (respond quickly but not influential). The mainly water of H. ammodendron in the study area are as follows: groundwater, shallow soil water formed by snowmelt, medium and large precipitation. Therefore, H. ammodendron can make efficient use of water sources in arid desert areas, and transform water sources reasonably under the tremendous variations in water conditions to meet the water requirements.

scholarly journals Response of Morphological Characters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron to Water and Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Dong Hu ◽  
Guanghui Lv ◽  
Yadong Qie ◽  
Hengfang Wang ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Haloxylon Ammodendron ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Arid Desert

In arid desert areas, Haloxylon ammodendron plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of desert oases. However, there are few studies on the physiological characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron under an environmental gradient. Here, we studied the changes in the morphological and photosynthetic characteristics and their correlations in Haloxylon ammodendron in the four habitats of the Ebinur Lake wetland. Our results show that in high-water and high-salt habitats, photosynthesis is affected by “stomata restriction,” while in other habitats, photosynthesis is mainly affected by “non-stomata restriction.” In addition, when the soil conditions were good, Haloxylon ammodendron chose leaf construction featuring high specific leaf area, while when the soil conditions were worse, it chose an opposite leaf construction model to ensure the optimal allocation of carbon assimilation products in heterogeneous habitats. This study will deepen our understanding of the trade-off strategy between the accumulation and distribution of plant photosynthate in special habitats in arid areas. The results are of theoretical value for analysis of the ecological adaptation mechanisms of plants in arid desert areas.

scholarly journals Climatic Zone and Soil Properties Determine the Biodiversity of the Soil Bacterial Communities Associated to Native Plants from Desert Areas of North-Central Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359
Author(s):  
Elisa Bona ◽  
Nadia Massa ◽  
Omrane Toumatia ◽  
Giorgia Novello ◽  
Patrizia Cesaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Plant Microbiota ◽  
Semi Arid

Algeria is the largest country in Africa characterized by semi-arid and arid sites, located in the North, and hypersaline zones in the center and South of the country. Several autochthonous plants are well known as medicinal plants, having in common tolerance to aridity, drought and salinity. In their natural environment, they live with a great amount of microbial species that altogether are indicated as plant microbiota, while the plants are now viewed as a “holobiont”. In this work, the microbiota of the soil associated to the roots of fourteen economically relevant autochthonous plants from Algeria have been characterized by an innovative metagenomic approach with a dual purpose: (i) to deepen the knowledge of the arid and semi-arid environment and (ii) to characterize the composition of bacterial communities associated with indigenous plants with a strong economic/commercial interest, in order to make possible the improvement of their cultivation. The results presented in this work highlighted specific signatures which are mainly determined by climatic zone and soil properties more than by the plant species.

scholarly journals Depression storage and infiltration effects on overland flow depth-velocity-friction at desert conditions: field plot results and model

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3293-3307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Rossi ◽  
J. O. Ares
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Desert Areas ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Water infiltration and overland flow are relevant in considering water partition among plant life forms, the sustainability of vegetation and the design of sustainable hydrological models and management. In arid and semi-arid regions, these processes present characteristic trends imposed by the prevailing physical conditions of the upper soil as evolved under water-limited climate. A set of plot-scale field experiments at the semi-arid Patagonian Monte (Argentina) were performed in order to estimate the effect of depression storage areas and infiltration rates on depths, velocities and friction of overland flows. The micro-relief of undisturbed field plots was characterized at z-scale 1 mm through close-range stereo-photogrammetry and geo-statistical tools. The overland flow areas produced by controlled water inflows were video-recorded and the flow velocities were measured with image processing software. Antecedent and post-inflow moisture were measured, and texture, bulk density and physical properties of the upper soil were estimated based on soil core analyses. Field data were used to calibrate a physically-based, mass balanced, time explicit model of infiltration and overland flows. Modelling results reproduced the time series of observed flow areas, velocities and infiltration depths. Estimates of hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow (Reynolds-Froude numbers) are informed. To our knowledge, the study here presented is novel in combining several aspects that previous studies do not address simultaneously: (1) overland flow and infiltration parameters were obtained in undisturbed field conditions; (2) field measurements of overland flow movement were coupled to a detailed analysis of soil microtopography at 1 mm depth scale; (3) the effect of depression storage areas in infiltration rates and depth-velocity friction of overland flows is addressed. Relevance of the results to other similar desert areas is justified by the accompanying biogeography analysis of similarity of the environment where this study was performed with other desert areas of the world.

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